A noble gentry from Zhuojun County, Hebei Province, was a famous calligrapher and painter in the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period, and a famous general in the Shu Han Dynasty. He was quite courageous and good at surprise attacks. He once used a suspicious strategy to scare off thousands of tiger and leopard cavalry in Cao's army with 20 cavalry. In the later period, surprise troops were sent out to attack and defeat Cao Wei's five great generals Zhang He in Danqu. He has a straightforward and strategic personality. He respects gentlemen and does not care about villains, but he is too harsh on his subordinates. When he reached the rank of chariot and cavalry general, he was granted the title of Marquis of Xixiang. One of the three heroes of Shu Han. He died in assassination in the first year of Zhangwu (AD 221) and was given the posthumous title of Marquis Heng. Summary of the novel: A butcher from Zhuojun County, Hebei Province, became sworn brothers with Liu Bei and Guan Yu in Taoyuan in his early years. He had a fiery nature and a hatred of evil. He once whipped the postal supervisor angrily, and once drew his sword to stab Dong Zhuo. A roar from the Dangyang Bridge in Changbanpo scared off Cao Cao's 830,000 troops and scared Xia Houjie to death. When he entered Sichuan, he sang triumphantly all the way, extolling Yan Yan, surrendering him, and marched straight to Chengdu. After entering Sichuan, he led his elite troops to defeat Zhang He's army. Liu Bei was called the Queen of Hanzhong, and was granted the title of General Right, and was granted the title of Five Tiger Generals. After he was proclaimed emperor, he was granted the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry, commanded as Sili Xiaowei, and was granted the title of Marquis of Xixiang. In order to recapture Jingzhou, he and Liu Bei launched an army to attack Soochow. In June of the same year, Zhang Fei was captured by his general Fan Qiang (in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he was mistakenly written as Fan Jiang. The reason why he wrote it wrongly was because the traditional Chinese character for "strong" was written as "strong", and "Qiang" was the same as "Qiang"). Very similar to Xinjiang), Zhang Da assassinated him at the age of fifty-five.
Zhang Fei was a brave man and once led 20 cavalrymen to scare off Cao Jun at Changbanpo. He also had good calligraphy and was good at painting beauties, and his calligraphy and portraits are still left. Zhang Fei was very polite to knowledgeable people. For example, when Liu Ba first surrendered, Zhang Fei immediately visited his home, but Liu Ba did not say a word to him. Although Zhang Fei was angry, he did not complain. Zhang Fei also cherished heroes and valued heroes. If Yan Yan was captured, Yan Yan would rather die than surrender. Zhang Fei respected him as a person and treated Yan Yan as a guest. But Zhang Fei had a bad temper and was very harsh on the soldiers. Liu Bei often advised Zhang Fei: "Your punishment is too harsh, and you whip the healthy children every day, but you have orders on your left and right. This is the way to bring disaster." It means: "You use punishment too harshly, and sometimes you even kill the wrong person, and every time He beat the officers who made mistakes every day, and then placed these people around him without any precautions. If this continues, he will definitely get into trouble." But Zhang Fei never woke up, and Liu Bei unfortunately said it. So when Zhang Fei was killed by his subordinates Fan Jiang and Zhang Da in Langzhong, and Liu Bei heard that Zhang Fei's military camp commander reported an urgent matter, he guessed what it was. Liu Bei said: "Ah, Fei is dead!"
According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Fei is a sturdy man with a swallow's chin and a tiger's beard, a leopard's head and eyes. In the opera, Zhang Fei is given his The image of blackface. But according to the latest investigation, especially the cultural relics unearthed in Sichuan, Zhang Fei was probably a handsome man with a face as beautiful as jade and a high-spirited look. He is not a tough roughneck like everyone imagined. For example: Zhang Fei in some statues from the Three Kingdoms period didn't even have a beard, and his face was like a full moon, with a gentle demeanor. He was by no means the fierce Zhang Fei in the novel. Moreover, Zhang Fei in history can be regarded as a minor celebrity in Hebei, and he had high cultural literacy (historical data once recorded that Zhang Fei’s hobby was practicing calligraphy, and he wrote very well.), and he had two daughters. The empress of the Shu Han Dynasty must have good looks
In the first year of Zhongping (184), the Yellow Turban Uprising broke out. Liu Bei organized a volunteer army in Zhuoxian County to participate in the war to annihilate the Yellow Turban Army. Zhang Fei won the first battle Win, [1] come to prominence. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. The three of them were like brothers. When Liu Bei sat down, the two of them would always go out of their way to guard him. Sometimes they would stand there for most of the day. After Liu Bei held many official positions, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan. Liu Bei was named Prime Minister of Pingyuan. At that time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as commanders of other departments, and they were in charge of different departments. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei and fought for Xuzhou. Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to guard Xiapi, while he sent troops to resist Yuan Shu in Xuyi and Huaiyin. The two sides were in a stalemate for more than a month, with each other winning or losing. Cao Bao, the Prime Minister of Xia Pi, was Tao Qian's old subordinate. He was at odds with Zhang Fei and was killed by Zhang Fei. As a result, everyone in the city was in danger and was in chaos. At that time, Yuan Shu wrote to Lu Bu, urging him to take the opportunity to attack Xia Pi, and promised to assist Lu Bu with food and grass after the incident was completed. Lu Bu was very happy and led his army. Liu Bei's lieutenant general Xu Dan opened the door and surrendered, and Zhang Fei was defeated. Lu Bu captured Liu Bei's wife, children, and the generals' families. Due to the situation, Liu Bei and Zhang Fei had no choice but to temporarily rely on Lu Bu and garrison Xiaopei. Lu Bu returned Liu Bei's wife and children. Liu Bei was stationed in Xiaopei and developed rapidly. Soon he gathered more than ten thousand people. Lu Bu was uneasy and led an attack. Liu Bei had no choice but to take Zhang Fei and others to defect to Cao Cao and join forces with Cao Cao to defeat Lu Bu. In June 197, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and was appointed Zhonglang General. Later, Liu Bei relied on Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and finally stationed troops in Xinye.
A few years later, Liu Biao died and Cao Cao went south. Liu Bei abandoned his new homeland and fled south by land. Cao Cao sent elite cavalry to pursue him for a day and a night. On Dangyang Bridge, Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first. Zhang Fei led 20 cavalry to resist, and Zhang Fei followed. Fei broke the bridge, stood by the river, and shouted: "I am Zhang Yide, can I come to the capital to fight to the death?" After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei captured the four counties of Jingzhou and appointed Zhang Fei as the governor of Yidu and the general of the conquest of captives. He was granted the title of Marquis of Xinting and later transferred to Nanjun. Later Liu Bei entered Yizhou and soon turned against Liu Zhang. In the 18th year of Jian'an (213), Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun and others led Jingzhou troops into Shu for reinforcements. Arriving at Jiangzhou, he met Liu Zhang's general Yan Yan, who was captured alive by Zhang Fei. Yan Yan's heroism in refusing to surrender moved Zhang Fei, and he was introduced as a guest of honor. The army continued to divide various prefectures and counties, and advanced to Chengdu in May of the following year (214) to join Liu Bei. Liu Bei became the shepherd of Yizhou and gave Zhang Fei five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million dollars, and one thousand pieces of brocade. In 218, after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu, Zhang He, a famous general in Cao's camp, led his army into the northeast of Yizhou. Although this area belonged to Yizhou, it had always been Zhang Lu's territory. Liu Bei then appointed Zhang Fei as the governor of Brazil and sent troops to fight for it. The two armies fought for more than fifty days. Later, Zhang Fei led more than 10,000 elite troops and invited Zhang He's army to fight. Because the mountain road was narrow, they could not save each other from the front and rear. Zhang He was defeated and abandoned his horse and climbed the mountain with more than ten people to return to Nanzheng. Zhang Fei's battle not only expanded Liu Bei's territory, but also It also helped to protect the gateway to Shu and help Yizhou turn the crisis into safety. Zhang Fei immediately participated in the attack on Hanzhong. In 219, Liu Bei took control of Hanzhong, proclaimed himself the King of Hanzhong, and worshiped Zhang Fei as the right general. In December, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan. In 221, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and Zhang Fei was granted the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry, led by Sili Xiaowei, and was granted the title of Marquis of Xixiang. In June of the same year, Liu Bei was marching eastward to conquer Soochow in order to recapture Jingzhou, and Zhang Fei was preparing to send troops to join Jiangzhou in Langzhong. When he was about to set off, he was murdered by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang (erroneously written as Fan Jiang in the novel), and he took his head to Sun Quan. When Liu Bei heard that Zhang Fei was planning something, he shouted: "Hey! Fei is dead." " Emperor Huai of the Han Dynasty, Liu Chan, posthumously named Zhang Fei Huanhou in the third year of Jingyao's reign (260).
The torso of his body was buried in Langzhong, and the head was buried in Yunyang, and Zhang Huanhou Temple and Zhang Huanhou Temple were built respectively. Zhang Fei is not as stupid as we thought. In many places, he is quite smart and careful. ! For example, before he explained Yan Yan. Yan Yan's men were lurking under Zhang Fei. When Zhang Fei found out, he was not furious and wanted to kill the soldier. But taking advantage of it. When he was making strategic arrangements, he deliberately said loudly: "Today we will take a small road to raid Yan Yan!" The spy heard this and went back to report Yan Yan. Yan Yan led his troops into the alley to attack Zhang Fei and was shocked to find that it was a fake. Zhang Fei actually rushed out of the woods and captured Yan Yan alive.
This is how history evaluates Zhang Fei: Chen Shou, the author of the Three Kingdoms, commented: "Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were known as enemies of ten thousand people and were tiger ministers in the world. Yu served Duke Cao, Fei Yi explained Yan Yan, and they have The style of a scholar is that he is strong but conceited, violent but merciless, and defeats by shortcomings, which is the common practice of reasoning." Guo Jia and Cheng Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "Ten thousand enemies. "
Liu Ye called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "The bravest of the three armies"
Zhou Yu called Guan Yu and Zhang Fei: "the generals of bears and tigers"
Fu Qian : "Courageous and righteous, both are enemies of thousands of people, so they are generals."
Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became synonymous with bravery and good warfare in later generations at that time: "Book of Jin·Liu Xia Biography": "Jin Every time Liu Xia attacked the thieves, he was defeated by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. "Book of Wei·Biography of Cui Yanbo": "Cui Gong was the ancient Guan Zhang." Please refer to Zhao Yi's "Twenty-Two Histories". Volume 7, the part about Guan Zhang Zhiyong, compiles in detail the information that the ancients used Guan Yu or Guan Zhang as pronouns for brave generals. The Temple Praise in the Story of the Three Kingdoms: Courage reaches the clouds, and is actually called a tiger minister; courage is like a country, and the enemy is called ten thousand. Shu and Wu have their wings, and Wu breaks up with Linlin; Xihu is brave and unparalleled in front and back. "Changban Potou was full of murderous intent, and his eyes widened immediately with his spear. A sound was like a thunderous thunder, and he alone retreated a million soldiers of the Cao family." This poem praises Zhang Fei. His character characteristics are: extraordinary bravery, rough and fine. , emphasizing friendship. General of the Han Dynasty Chariots and Cavalry——Zhang Fei——Family and Country
This is a poem written using Zhang Fei’s life: Kill Deng Mao’s yellow turban with force, whip the governor and post the tiger to show his power. There are three lilies in front of Hulao Pass, and the invincible Marquis Wen is frightened. Defeat Xuzhou and capture the ancient city, recruit troops and gather food to support the Yan Han. When Yang cleverly used the strategy of suspecting soldiers, all five thousand of Cao's cavalry were frightened. The generals who conquered the captives entered Sichuan, and Jiangzhou released Lao Yanyan. Zhi went to Chengdu to see his brother, and the army settled all the counties. After defeating Zhang He, Hanzhong was settled, and troops were stationed in Langzhong. The big man died before he got up. Cycling will leave regrets throughout the ages.
The finer things in the rough 1: Zhang Fei led his army and horses to fetch Xichuan and came to the gate of Bajun City.
Yan Yan, the general who defended the city, occupied the city wall and did not lower the flag. This gave the impatient Zhang Fei a delaying strategy and sent agents to hide in Zhang Fei's army to find out the news. After Zhang Fei saw through Yan Yan's trick, he did not get angry and kill people. Instead, he took advantage of the trick and used his craftsmanship to send false news: "At the third watch of the moon, he rose up from the stronghold, held the ring in his hand, and the horse removed the bell, and quietly passed through the pass on a small road... "Privately, he ordered the soldiers to dress up as themselves and walk in front. When Yan Yan led the troops and horses to snatch the chariots, he took the opportunity to kill the generals and captured Yan Yan alive. Yan Yan was convinced that he had lost and willingly led the way for him. , entered Xichuan unimpeded, which surprised Zhuge's military advisor and praised him: "Yi De can also use his ears."
2: Place suspicious soldiers on the long board to scare off Cao Cao's army.