Speaking of Tao Kan, you may not be familiar with it, but I believe everyone has heard of one of his descendants, that is, the famous pastoral poet Tao Yuanming. He can leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the hedge, largely because of the inheritance created by his ancestors.
Tao Kan was born in poverty, and his father, Dan Tao, was a general of Yang Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, and his position was not high. Tao Kan was young and lonely. At first, he was just a small official in the county.
Fortunately, however, Tao Kan had a mother with great foresight, which won him the chance to change his destiny.
One day, Fan Kui, a native of Lian Xiao, passed by Tao Kan's house. It was freezing. Although Tao Kan's mother was poor at home, she cut off her long hair and sold it in order to get the silver for Fan Kui. Unlike now, the ancients attached great importance to hair. The so-called body hair and skin are influenced by parents, which shows how much Tao Kan's mother values this opportunity.
The reason why Tao Kan's mother valued this opportunity to entertain Fan Kui so much was because at that time, the society mainly implemented the Nine Grades System, and Xiaolian was able to recommend talents to the government to be an official. As for cutting hair, it's more about paying attention to the guests. I think the main money should be borrowed from relatives and friends.
In a word, Fan Kui and his servants enjoyed the reception. When Fan Kui said goodbye, Tao Kan sent hundreds of miles. Send a hundred miles, because Fan Kui has eaten all the goods, and the most important thing has not been promised. Tao Kan can only have the cheek to follow, a walk is hundreds of miles. Fan Kui is probably embarrassed, after all, eating people has a short mouth. Finally, I asked Tao Kan if he wanted to work in the county. Tao Kan finally looked forward to this opportunity and replied, I want to go, but no one introduced me. Fan Kui promised to introduce Tao Kan.
Fan Kui didn't break his word. When he visited Zhang Kui, the satrap of Lujiang, he praised Tao Kan. Later, Zhang Kui called Tao Kan Du You, who was in charge of Zongyang county magistrate. This meal was worth eating, and I was promoted from a small county magistrate to a county magistrate. Mother helped Tao Kan win the first precious opportunity, and the rest is up to Tao Kan himself.
When Tao Kan was a county magistrate, he showed his political talent and was famous for his talent. Later, he turned to the main book. At this time, Tao Kan is trying to improve its business ability and seek new opportunities.
One winter, the wife of Governor Zhang Kui fell ill and needed to go hundreds of miles away to meet the doctor. At that time, it was snowing and freezing, and the family members such as the main book were embarrassed and unwilling to go. Only Tao Kan said, "To serve your father is to serve your servants. The county magistrate's wife is just like our mother. Parents are sick, how can children not be dedicated? " So he offered to go.
Although it seems that other colleagues are "unfilial" and have indirectly offended their colleagues, only Zhang Kui, the direct boss, decided to be promoted at that time. Although the process is very difficult, Tao Kan certainly won't miss such a good opportunity to please his boss.
Tao Kan's filial piety to his boss soon spread. After all, the Jin Dynasty advocated filial piety to govern the world. Changsha Prefecture Shiwan came to Lujiang to see Tao Kan. He sincerely admired him and said, "You will be famous in the end." Before he left, he befriended his son and Tao Kan. Si Wan deliberately touted Tao Kan, in fact, he wanted to tell his subordinates indirectly that he would learn to treat his boss like Tao Kan, and he would not treat you badly.
Zhang Kui was very satisfied with Tao Kan's previous performance, and soon recommended Tao Kan as Xiaolian, so Tao Kan had the opportunity to come to Luoyang, the imperial capital at that time, and met the political leaders of the central government. This trip to Luoyang also laid a solid foundation for Tao Kan's career success.
After Tao Kan came to Luoyang, after analysis, he chose Zhang Hua, the most needed and promising minister. At that time, it was mainly Jin Huidi's ugly wife who controlled state affairs. Although she has two brushes in political struggle, she is not good at governing the country and doing things, so she has found some people to help govern the world. One of the core ministers is Zhang Hua. It can be seen that Zhang Hua's position at that time was very high.
In addition, due to Tao Kan's humble origins and southerners, at that time, family was the most important thing, and Soochow was a defeated country, so people in high-level circles were dismissive of Tao Kan. However, Zhang Hua is different. Although Zhang Hua is a descendant of Hou Zhangliang in the Western Han Dynasty, he has declined in his generation. When Zhang Hua was a teenager, he was lonely and poor, and let others herd sheep. Because of his intelligence, he was valued by fellow countryman Liu Fang and became Liu Fang's son-in-law, so he had an opportunity to show his future. Zhang Hua was born in poverty in essence, and is in the same class as Tao Kan, so Zhang Hua will not discriminate against Tao Kan's birth. In addition, Zhang Hua doesn't look down on southerners like other upper-class people. Based on these two points, Tao Kan decided that Zhang Hua was his breakthrough to enter the high-level circle.
After Tao Kan arrived in Luoyang, he visited Zhang Hua's home several times, but Zhang Hua was too lazy to pay attention to him at first. After all, not everyone looks at big shots. However, although Tao Kan didn't like it every time he went, he still smiled and was very calm, which aroused Zhang Hua's interest and Tao Kan met easily. In one conversation, Zhang Hua was surprised by Tao Kan's performance. I didn't expect such a little-known young man to talk extraordinary.
Soon, recommended by Zhang Hua, Tao Kan was dismissed as a doctor.
At that time, Tao Kan's countryman Yu's doctor had a high reputation, so Tao Kan went to visit him. He said of Tao Kan: "The Book of Changes said:' Strong and upright, enough to do things.' Tao is such a person. "At that time, the social environment, it is very rare to get the endorsement of the bosses, indicating that you are a potential stock and have been recognized by the bosses.
Later, Xie Yang took Tao Kan to meet Gurong, a famous scholar in the south of the Yangtze River, and Gu Rong also valued him. Through the network of bosses, Tao Kan also actively built his own network in Luoyang.
Huang Qing, who had friendship with Tao Kan, later served as the official department magistrate and elected Tao Kan as Wugang county magistrate. After Tao Kan arrived, he was at odds with Lv Yue, the satrap, and left his post to go home. Later, I became Xiaozhengzheng in the county.
Later, the Eight Kings Rebellion led to chaos in the world. War is a disaster for most people, but it also gives some people the opportunity to rise rapidly. Tao Kan is one of them.
Yiyang Man Cang gathered in Jiangxia Uprising, and Ding Zhuang and the refugees in Jiangxia area refused to go on an expedition and fled to Zhang Chang. Zhang Chang captured Jiangxia County, and during the ten-day month, the masses reached 30,000. The development of Zhang Chang's power aroused the anxiety of the imperial court. The court appointed Li Kasi as the captain of Naman, and Jingzhou secretariat led the army to suppress it. When Ricardo took office, he appointed Tao Kan as a captain of Nanman, led most of them to protect him, and ordered him to go to Xiangyang as a pioneer in the crusade against Zhang Chang.
Why did ricas recruit Tao Kan as an official? Because Ricas is a student of Zhang Hua, Tao Kan visited Zhang Hua many times in Luoyang and was recognized by Zhang Hua. Through Zhang Hua, Tao Kan met Ricardo.
But judging from the situation at that time, this official was not so good. At this point, Zhang Changyong led his troops to surround Wancheng, defeated the former general's army and killed Yang Yi, so Li Kasi had to retreat to Liang County. Zhang Chang besieged Xiangyang, but failed. Zhang Chang turned to Xiangyang, that is, he entered the Yangtze River along the Han River. For a time, most areas of Jing, Jiang and Yang were controlled.
In peacetime, officials could not get along. If you really can't do it, you can fire your official and go home. But in troubled times, especially in war-torn areas, if you don't have real skills, especially the ability to March, once you fail, you will die. Tao Kan obviously don't have to worry about this problem. Although he had never fought before, with his strong learning ability and excellent leadership, he soon lit up the military skill tree, fought side by side with Zhang Chang, defeated Zhang Chang, killed tens of thousands of people before and after, and Zhang Chang fled down the mountain. The ministries surrendered and Jingzhou was pacified.
Fighting is a fatal thing for many people, but it is a great opportunity for Tao Kan. Opportunities are reserved for people who have their own, and talents are always scarce.
Afterwards, Ricardo sighed and said to Tao Kan, "I once joined the army as Yang Gong (yang hu). Yang Gong said that I could definitely take his place in the future. Seeing you today, I am sure I can inherit the old lady. " Although this is a painting cake by the leaders, I hope Tao Kan will continue to play well for himself, but it also shows that Tao Kan's talent has been fully recognized, although Tao Kan's achievements are far more than that. Tao Kan was later named the Eastern Township Hou, a food city with thousands of families.
In the second year of Yongxing, Chen Min, the secretariat of Yangzhou, saw the chaos in the north, and the court was unable to control Jiangdong, so he rose up and occupied Yangzhou, and sent his brother Chen Hui to attack Wuchang along Jiangxi with the intention of carving up Jiangnan. Likas appointed Tao Kan as Jiangxia satrap and general Angelababy, and led the army to resist Chen Hui. Tao Kan's ceremonial ceremony was complete, and the village was greatly honored when his mother received the official residence. At that time, the satrap was equivalent to the current mayor and departmental level cadres. After so many years of struggle, he finally honored his ancestors. Although Tao Kan was 46 years old at this time, he certainly didn't expect it at that time. In the next 29 years, he reached the peak of that era.
According to the history of the county, Hu Huai provoked Ricardo to say, "Tao Kan and Chen Min have the friendship of fellow villagers. Now he is the magistrate of the big county, in charge of Qiang Bing. If there is infidelity, Jingzhou will lose the East Gate. " Ricas replied, "Tao Kan, China and honest and frank are capable. I have known him for a long time. He certainly won't do this. " Tao Kan was well informed and soon got the news. Although Liu Hongming expressed his trust in himself, he was definitely not at ease, so he gave his son Hong Tao and nephew Tao Zhen to Ricas as hostages in exchange for Ricas's trust in him. Ricas let them join the army, reward them and send them back to Jiangxia. Tell them: "Uncle Xian is going to travel, and grandma is old. Go home. It is difficult for villagers to communicate with each other, let alone Mr. " Add Tao Kan to the army, and attack Chen Hui in unison. Tao Kan uses transport ships as warships. Some people say it can't be done. Tao Kan said, "What's wrong with beating an official thief with an official ship?" Tao Kan fought Chen Hui and defeated Chen Hui many times. And with Pi Chu, Zhang Guang and Miao Guang, they defeated Qian Duan, the ministry of Chen Min.
Tao Kan ran the army carefully and neatly, and all soldiers were rewarded for being captured, and he was selfless. As a leader, it is very important to understand the distribution of benefits. Only people who work with you can enjoy food and drink spicy food, and be rewarded for their merits and punished for their mistakes. They will be willing to work hard with you to help you take the lead in the battlefield, and everyone will get what they need. As long as you can get promoted, you can get more money in the future. If you are stingy with rewards and people are separated, it will be difficult to lead a team.
Soon, Tao Kan's old boss Ricas and his mother died one after another, and Tao Kan went to mourn. After the expiration, he joined the army for Sima Yue. Then, Tao Kan met New Bole and Huayi, and recommended Tao Kan as a general, stationed in Xiakou. He also appointed his nephew Tao Zhen as Jiangzhou to join the army.
However, although Huayi is a descendant of Hua Xin and a hall of fame, it is at odds with Si Marui. According to the situation at that time, the northern court was almost finished, and Si Marui, the leader of the southern alliance, was about to start a new stove. Obviously, judging from the situation at that time, it was more promising in Si Marui.
Huayi is kind to Tao Kan, and can't betray others directly on the bright side, otherwise it will have a bad reputation. How can we get along in the future? So there was a later scene.
Tao Zhen is worried that the conflict between Hua Yi and Si Marui will hurt him in the future. He returned to Tao Kan on the pretext of illness and told Tao Kan: "Hua Yi has great ambition to care about the country and the people, but his talent is not great, and he has contradictions with the evil king. Disaster is coming. " Tao Kan was furious and sent Tao Zhen back to Huayi. Tao Zhen seized the opportunity to invest in Si Marui. Si Marui was very happy to see Tao Zhen, appointed him to join the army, added Tao Kan as a general, and gave him a building to preach. Tao Kan then cut off contact with Huayi.
Then Tao Zhen, Tao Kan and Huayi drew a clear line and took refuge in the more promising Si Marui in the name of "sense of honor" (Si Marui is the representative of the South Hospital), and they were promoted.
Yongjia five years (3 1 1), Si Marui ordered Wang Dun to lead Gan Zhuo and Zhou Zhou to defeat Huayi along the Yangtze River, and Tao Kan also attacked some of his old leaders, but after all, they were old leaders, so they could not work hard and basically made no contribution. Gan Zhuo and Zhou are the main forces. After Hua was defeated and killed, Tao Kan was promoted to General Long Xiang and Wuchang Prefecture.
In the process of putting down the Du Tao Uprising, Tao Kan played an important role. Originally, Wang Dun promised Tao Kan to be the secretariat of Jingzhou after the job was done, but after the job was done, he was afraid of Tao Kan's strength and didn't want to put Tao Kan in such an important position in Jingzhou for fear of threatening himself in the future. So, when Wang Dun came to say goodbye to himself in Tao Kan, he detained Tao Kan. Originally, Wang Dun wanted to take this opportunity to kill Tao Kan, but he was afraid that after killing Tao Kan, Tao Kan's in-laws would retaliate against Tao Kan, so he gave up. Finally, in desperation, Tao Kan was released, and Tao Kan was the secretariat of Guangzhou. Guangzhou at that time was no better than it is now. It was a remote area at that time. After that, Tao Kan and Wang Dun were torn.
Zhou's trip was also a powerful satrap in Jiangdong at that time, with soldiers in his hand and fierce fighting. Tao Kan's previous marriage saved his life at a critical moment. Fortunately, he chose a good in-law. Tao Kan escaped from the jaws of death and came to Zhang Yu. When Zhou visited, he said with tears, "If it weren't for your foreign aid, my life would be in danger.
Tao Kan will enter Guangzhou, while Du Fu's remaining Du Hong and Wen Shao will occupy Jiaozhou. Du Hong heard that Tao Kan was coming and pretended to surrender in an attempt to sneak attack. Tao Kan saw through his plot, deployed troops and defeated Du Hong in one fell swoop. "People asked to attack Wen Shao. Tao Kan said with a smile, "Since I am famous, why should I use a sword?"? I just need a notice. "So he wrote a book and told Wen Shao that he was afraid of running away, and the pursuer caught him in Shixing. Tao Kan was named Chai Sanghou for his work, and the number of food cities increased to 4,000.
During the Wang Dun Rebellion, although Wang Dun took control of the state affairs, Tao Kan was restored to his official position because of his fear of Tao Kan, and he added a regular servant. At that time, Wang Liang, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, was killed by the traitor Liang Shuo, and Tao Kan sent Gao Bao to attack and defeat Liang Shuo. The imperial court ordered Tao Kan to lead the state secretariat. According to Tao Kan's contributions before and after, he designated his second son, Xia Tao, as the capital of Hou Ting, and entered the Southern General and Kaifu Instrument Company.
In the third year of Taining (325), after the Wang Dun Rebellion was put down, in order to avoid repeating the same mistakes, on the one hand, Yu Liang was reused to restrict Wang Dao's power, and at the same time, the gentry in Jiangdong were promoted to balance overseas Chinese and Wu gentry; On the other hand, it changed the position of Jing, Xiang and other four States, which made towns and villages contain each other. So in May of the same year, Tao Kan was appointed commander-in-chief of the Fourth Army of Jing, Xiang, Yong and Liang, general of the Western Expedition, secretariat of Jingzhou, and a captain of Nanman, and his other positions remained unchanged. The people of Jingchu celebrated each other after hearing the news.
Tao Kan ruled Jingzhou and attached great importance to the stability of social order and the development of agricultural production. After the peace in Wang Dun, Jingzhou was hungry and cold, and many people starved to death. Tao Kan often buys rice in the autumn harvest, and then sells relief supplies at a reduced price in times of famine. Make the government and the people happy, and rely on his relief to survive. Under the governance of Tao Kan, people in Jingzhou live and work in peace and contentment. Tao Kan, of course, also at this time, constantly expand their power, for the next thing, laid the foundation.
Tao Kan once went out to play. On the way, he met a man with a handful of uncooked rice. Tao Kan was surprised and asked the man what he was doing with the rice. The man replied that he saw it on the road and was idle. He picked it for fun. Tao Kan was very angry after hearing this. He scolded: "this guy, you don't farm yourself, but you play with rice grown by others." . Arrest this man and whip him. It can also be seen that Tao Kan attached great importance to people's food, so under the influence of Tao Kan, all the people under his rule were diligent in farming.
Si Mashao, the most wise emperor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had planned to restore imperial power after pacifying the Wang Dun Rebellion. Unfortunately, he died young. Before he died, he had no choice but to choose his brother-in-law Yu Liang as his assistant. As a result, Yu Liang's coquettish operation messed up the stable situation at that time, avoided all the right choices, and pushed Su Jun and Zuyue (Zu Ti's younger brother) back. Even if pushed back, Yu Liang greatly underestimated his opponent and overestimated himself. Soviet troops quickly captured Jiankang and occupied the imperial court. The culprit, Yu Liang, ran away with oil on his feet.
In the Sao action before Yu Liang, I have been prepared for Tao Kan, and specially sent heavy troops to guard the key position of Tao Kan's southward movement. The result was driven away by Su Jun, so he had to go back and lick his face with Wen Qiao and ask Tao Kan for help to calm the chaos. Because of all the passers-by in Jiangdong at that time, Mali and Tao Kan were the strongest. Tao Kan didn't promise at first. After all, Yu Ming treated himself like this in front of these guys.
Under Wen Qiao's repeated persuasion, he agreed to send troops. For practical reasons, the strength of the allied forces is stronger than that of the rebels. Jiangdong's forces are also on the side of the allied forces, and Tao Kan is the leader of the allied forces. After the successful counter-insurgency, the credit must be the greatest.
At first, the allies did not have an advantage in the fighting between the rebels. Although the number of Soviet troops is at a disadvantage, their combat effectiveness is very strong. On the other hand, the morale of the allies is low. During this period, Tao Kan once wanted to almost return to Jingzhou. However, Wen Qiao pointed out the stakes. Once Tao Kan retreated, the Allies lost, and the biggest responsibility after the failure must be borne by the leader Tao Kan. Doing so will not only give up all previous efforts, but also leave a bad name in future generations.
Tao Kan, in desperation, can only crustily skin of head to continue to play, the result is the Soviet side first appeared a fatal mistake. Soviets are drinking on the battlefield. Seeing his son Su Xiaoying heroically killing the enemy, he said to his opponent, "Xiao Su can break thieves and soldiers. Am I not as good as Xiao Su? " He left the headquarters and led several cavalry to the north to go deep into the enemy lines, but without success, he was ready to rush back to Baimupi. Peng Sheng and Li Qian of yamen threw spears at him, and the Soviet troops fell off their horses, were dismembered and burned.
The Soviet suicide gave the Allies an opportunity. Without the commander-in-chief, the rebels lost their backbone and were soon defeated.
After putting down the Soviet rebellion, Tao Kan returned to Jiangling. On the 10th day of March, Tao Kan was promoted to Shi Zhong and Tai Wei, and was given military service in seven states, including Jiaozhou, Guangzhou and Ningzhou. And named him Princess Changsha, 3,000 restaurants and 8,000 silks.
At that time, Mu Rongchui, a separatist regime in Liaodong, communicated with Tao Kan, not only praising Wang Dao and Yu Liang, but also calling Tao Kan "the weapon of Chu and Han", which shows Tao Kan's prestige at this time.
In December (330) of the fourth year of Xianhe, the late general Guo Mo killed Liu Yin, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, without authorization. Wang Dao, the ruling prime minister, thought Guo Moyong was fierce and difficult to control, so he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat. When Tao Kan heard about this, he planned to attack Guo Moruo, although Guo Moruo sent messengers to send prostitutes' concubines and silks to Tao Kan and wrote secret letters to Tao Kan. However, Tao Kan was unmoved, and sent messengers to state Guo Moruo's crimes on the table, and wrote to Wang Dao, saying, "If Guo Moruo kills him, he will be appointed as a secretariat. If he harms the Prime Minister, will he be appointed as the Prime Minister? "
Wang Dao, in desperation, can only agree with Tao Kan rate against Guo Mo. Originally, Wang Dao wanted to borrow Guo Mo to check and balance Tao Kan in Jiangzhou, but unexpectedly he gave Tao Kan the opportunity to annex Jiangzhou.
Tao Kan rushed out to meet Guo Mo, and soon, Yu Liang led an army to help. Guo Mo's ministry, Song Hou, felt that if he continued to fight, he would follow suit, so he tied Guo Mo and his son out of the city and surrendered. Tao Kan beheaded Guo Mo before the army, and his head was passed to Jiankang.
After Guo Moping's decision, Wang Dao had to show that Tao Kan was also the secretariat of Jiangzhou. By this time, Tao Kan had occupied the territory of eight states and controlled the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Power reached its peak.
When Guo Moruo was in the Central Plains, he fought against Schleswig many times. Everyone in Schleswig is afraid of him. I heard that Tao Kan captured Guo Mo without bloodshed, and he was even more afraid of Tao Kan. The Soviet Ministry Raoul David Findeisen killed Tao Kan's son and went to Schleswig, where he was appointed as a frontier general. Tao Kan told Schleswig the truth, and Schleswig killed Raoul David Findeisen. Fame shocked the empire, showing Tao Kan's status and prestige at this time.
Later, new hatred and old hatred were added together. Tao Kan wants to send troops to depose Wang Dao and take this opportunity to strengthen the control of the imperial court. However, Wang Dao's in-laws Chi Jian (Chi Jian's son-in-law is a famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi) objected and gave up.
Tao Kan is a kind person. He used to help his nobles. Now, after he developed, he promoted their descendants one by one. Tao Kan ordered his son to join the army, Fan Kui's son was the prefect of eastern Hunan, and Li Jiazhi's great-grandson Liu An was his heir. The above table praised Mei Tao. Whenever he is humble, he owes others, even if it is a meal, he will definitely pay it back.
In the seventh year of Xianhe (332), Tao Kan sent Wu Qiutang to govern Badong, sent his son Tao Bin and the southern corps commander Huan Xuan to cut Fancheng in the west, and sent his nephew Tao Zhen and Jingling satrap Li Yang to attack the new field and recover Xiangyang. Xiangyang is the north gate of Jingzhou. It played a role in preventing the post-Zhao from going south along the Hanshui River and was also an important stronghold of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The imperial court worshipped Tao Kan as a general, and gave him the honor of worshipping the unknown and going to the temple with a sword (this honor was originally awarded by Liu Bang to Xiao He, the first hero of the Western Han Dynasty), and Tao Kan resolutely resigned.
At this point, Tao Kan has become a minister, and then he will usurp power and seize power. Tao Kan may have thought about it, but his son is not very good. Even if he succeeds, his descendants can't keep a high probability. What's more, once a fight starts, it will become the target of public criticism and it will be difficult to succeed. After repeated weighing, I still chose to keep the present inheritance.
In June of the ninth year of Xianhe (334), Tao Kan abdicated due to illness, and sent Zuo Changshi Yin Xian to return the official seal to the court. Before he left Jingzhou, his military assets, weapons, horses, war horses, ships, etc. It was recorded in the book, sealed in the warehouse and locked by Tao Kan himself. Tao Kan entrusted the funeral to Wang Bi of Uji Island, appointed him as the guardian of various posts, and put him in charge of civil and military officials. 12, Tao Kan left Wuchang by bus, took a boat at the ferry, and prepared to return to Changsha. He turned to the king and said, "I'm stumbling now because you stopped me." The next day (July 30th), Tao Kan died in Fanxi at the age of 76. According to his will, people buried him 20 miles south of Changsha, and his old employees set up a stone tablet and statue for him in the west of Wuchang. Emperor posthumous title and Tao Kan served as Fu, and posthumous title "Huan" served as a sacrifice.
Tao Kan was born in poverty, and won a key opportunity because of her mother's haircut in exchange for silver. Later, with his keen political sense, excellent vision and strong administrative and operational capabilities, he stepped up step by step and made no mistakes in every major life choice. After decades of hard work, he finally reached the peak of that era, was not carried away by power, and finally landed smoothly. Under his rule, Jingzhou people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and lived a stable life in troubled times. In his later years, the rebellion in Su Jun was pacified, which brought more than 70 years of stability to the Eastern Jin Dynasty without major turmoil. Make meritorious deeds, be virtuous and speak. Tao Kan achieved the first two items in his life, which not only benefited the present age, but also left a lasting legacy for future generations. It is really an example for our generation to learn.
His descendant Tao Yuanming also made up this last item in a sense.