Wei and Jin Dynasties: Zhuge Liang
The late emperor deeply felt that Han thieves were not at peace and were not partial, so he asked me to invite thieves. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers and know that ministers can cut thieves, so that the enemy can defeat the strong with the weak. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious.
On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat. Reflections on the northern expedition. It is advisable to enter the south first. Therefore, when crossing the river in May, nothing grows and you eat it every day. I had to feel sorry for myself, but I couldn't be partial to the capital of Shu, so I took the risk of following the wishes of my late emperor, which negotiators called a non-plan. Today, thieves hate the west and serve the east, and the art of war benefits from labor. This is also the time to move forward. I sincerely wish Chen Qi:
High above the sun and the moon, the adviser is deep, but the danger will hit, and the danger will be safe. Today, your majesty is not as good as Gaudi, and your adviser is not as good as Taiping, but you want to win in the long run and settle the world. The minister hasn't solved it yet.
Liu You and Wang Lang, according to the counties, talked about the plan, moved the saints, and the ministers were suspicious. It is difficult for all people to fill their chests. They don't fight at this age, and they won't levy next year. Let Sun Ce sit on the ground and arise and merge into Jiangdong. The minister didn't solve the second problem.
Cao Cao's wisdom is not available to others, and his use of troops is like that of Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, dangerous Wuchao, dangerous Qilian, forced Liyang, lost in the mountains several times, almost died in Tongguan, and then falsely set a time. Kuang Chen is weak, but he must be determined not to be in danger. The minister failed to solve three problems.
Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu, and Li Fu figured it out. He appointed Xiahou, and Xiahou turned defeat into victory. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, he still lost. How can he win? The minister's four unsolved problems.
Since I arrived in Hanzhong, I have lost more than 70 people, including Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong, as well as more than 1,000 people, including General Tu, an unprecedented person, Green Qiang, San Qi and Shangwu Qi. These are the four elites of the rectification movement in decades, not owned by one country; If the number of years is a complex number, two-thirds of the losses will occur. How can we make enemies? The minister has five unresolved problems.
Today, the people are poor and tired, and they are in Fukashi; If things can't stop, then life and work will wait. Not as good as today's map, if you want to make a lasting relationship with thieves in a state, this minister has not solved six questions.
It is difficult for a husband to make peace, and things are also. Yesterday, the first emperor was defeated in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and said that the world was settled. Then the first emperor joined wuyue in the east, Bashu in the west, soldiers in the north, and Xiahou beheaded. This is a mistake, and the Korean incident will be a success. Then Wu Lian violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this, and it is hard to see irreversibility. I will do my best until I die. As for failure and outspoken, the minister doesn't know.
Considering that cao thief could not coexist, the emperor's affairs could not be settled in one place, so he appointed ministers to crusade against Cao Wei. In the past, the emperor's knowledge knew that his lieutenants were weak in conquering the enemy and the enemy was strong. However, if we don't crusade against the enemy, Wang Ye will also perish; Do you want to sit still or take the initiative to conquer the enemy? So there is no hesitation in appointing liegeman.
When I accepted the appointment, I couldn't sleep well and had no taste in food. If you want to go to the northern expedition, you should go to the south first. Therefore, crossing the green river in May and going deep into the barren land, you can only eat one meal for two days; It's not that I don't cherish myself, but that I saw that the business of the imperial court could not be preserved in Shu, so I risked my life to carry out the last wish of my late emperor, but people who argued said it was not the best policy. The enemy is just struggling to cope with the rebellion in the border counties in the west, and the east is trying to cope with Sun Wu's attack. Sun Tzu's Art of War requires attacking when the enemy is tired. Now is the time to move forward quickly! Now I want to state these things as follows:
The wisdom of Emperor Gaozu can be compared with that of the sun and the moon. His advisers are knowledgeable and influential, but they still have to go through hardships, injuries and dangers before they can settle down. Now, your majesty is inferior to Emperor Gaozu, and his ministers are inferior to Sean and Chen Ping. On the contrary, he wants to win with a long-term stalemate strategy and settle the world safely. This is the first point I can't understand.
Liu You and Wang Lang each occupy a county; When discussing security strategy, we often quote the words of ancient sages, and everyone is full of doubts and fears; Don't go to war this year, don't go to conquest next year, make Sun Ce safe and strong, and finally annex Jiangdong, which is the second point that liegeman can't understand.
Cao Cao's ingenuity is far superior to others. He fought like Sun Wu and Wuqi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, dangerous in Wu Chao, trapped by the enemy in Qishan and Liyang, almost defeated in Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then he wanted to usurp the title for a period of time. Besides, I can't understand the third point I can't understand.
Cao Cao attacked Changba five times, but he couldn't attack it. The fourth crossing of Chaohu Lake failed, Lifu was appointed and Lifu rebelled. Xia was appointed, but Xia was defeated. The first emperor often praised Cao Cao's ability, but there were still some setbacks, not to mention the inferior talents of his lieutenant. How can he guarantee victory? This is the fourth point I can't understand.
Since the liegeman entered Hanzhong, just one year later, he lost more than 70 generals such as Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong, as well as general officers of the Music Department and the station troops. Foot soldiers/kloc-more than 0/000 people, such as, Wuxian, Ruo, Qingqiang, Wuqi, etc. These are elite forces accumulated from all over the world for decades, which cannot be owned by a state or county; If in a few years, two-thirds of the original troops will be lost, what will be used against the enemy? This is the fifth point I can't understand.
Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot stop; If the war can't stop, the human cost of waiting for the enemy to attack there is exactly the same as that of going out to fight the enemy. At this time, I don't want to attack the enemy, just want to take Yizhou as a long-term stalemate with the enemy. This is the sixth point that my lieutenants cannot understand.
The hardest thing to judge is war. When the first emperor was defeated by Chu, Cao Cao clapped his hands and cheered, thinking that the world was settled. But then the first emperor made peace with Sun Wu in the east, made Bashu land in the west and sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and Xiahou Yuan lost his head. This is Cao Cao's estimation error. It seems that the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty is almost successful. But Sun Wu broke the contract again, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, the first emperor was defeated in Zigui, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this, it's hard to predict. I will try my best to rest until I die. As for the success or failure of the conquest of Wei Xinghan, whether it is smooth or difficult, it is unpredictable with the intelligence of the liegeman.
Note: 1, Han: refers to. Thief: Cao Wei. In ancient times, enemies were often called thieves.
2, partial security: refers to the DPRK in one place, self-righteous.
3. Which is correct? What is right? Indicates a choice and tends to affirm the latter (pointing to one side).
4. Only: auxiliary words.
5. March into the south: Zhuge Liang went deep into the south and settled the four counties.
6, and Japan: two days for one day.
7. C: This means "but". Shudi: This refers to the territory of Shu Han.
8. Negotiator: refers to an official who disagrees with Zhuge Liang's determination to explore the North.
9. These two sentences refer to the rebellion in Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in the west of Cao Wei when Zhuge Liang first came out of Qishan (now east of Lixian County, Gansu Province) in the sixth year of Jianxing (now north of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province), which affected the situation in Guanzhong: in Jiashi near the border between Wei and Wu (now north of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province), Lu Xun, a general of Soochow, defeated Cao Xiu, a Wei Sima.
10, forward: fast forward.
1 1, Gaudi: posthumous title was the "Gaudi" after Liu Bang's death. Parallel: parallel.
12, profound: refers to extensive knowledge and unfathomable strategies.
13, trauma: trauma. In the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang was repeatedly defeated by the Chu army. In 203 BC, Xiang Yu was shot in the chest in Guangwu (now Xingyang County, Henan Province). In the early Han Dynasty, he went out many times to suppress rebellions in various places, and was shot and killed by soldiers of Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, in BC 195. In 200 BC, Deng Bai was besieged by Huns. "Bei" is a common word, the same as "skin"
14, Liang: A famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu, also known as "three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty" with Xiao He and Han Xin. Ping: Chen Ping, a famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu. After arriving at the position of prime minister.
15, long-term plan: long-term stalemate.
16, Sit: Pay attention to safety.
17, unknown: incomprehensible. Hu Sansheng thinks that "solving" should be pronounced as "slacking off", and if you don't solve it, you dare not slack off. You can say both.
18, yóu You: word, was appointed as the secretariat of Yangzhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Under the pressure of Yuan Shu, a great warlord in Huainan, he crossed the Yangtze River in the south, was soon breached by Sun Ce, surrendered to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), and was attacked and killed by powerful people. There are two books, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Wu Shu. Wang Lang: The word Jing Xing was the prefect of Huiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Sun Ce troops entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and were defeated and surrendered. Later, he was recruited by Cao Cao and served in Cao Wei.
19, Sun Ce: Sun Quan's eldest brother son Bofu. After the death of his father Sun Jian, he annexed Jiangnan by Yuan Shu's army, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Sun Wu's regime and was assassinated soon.
20. Jiangdong: refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
2 1, unique: extremely beyond meaning.
22. Sun: refers to Sun Wu, who was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is a general of the State of Wu and is good at using troops. He wrote thirteen articles about the art of war. Wu: It refers to Wu Qi, a military strategist and a representative of the Legalist School during the Warring States Period. He served in Lu, Wei and Chu successively, and wrote Woods' Art of War.
23. Trapped in Nanyang: In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Cao Cao was defeated by Zhang Xiu in Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang County of Han Dynasty).
24. Wu Chaozhi's crisis: In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at loggerheads in Guandu. Because of the lack of food, Yu Xun and others persuaded them not to retreat, and then burned Yuan Shao's grain and grass in Wu Chao, which was a narrow victory.
25. Danger of Qilian Mountain: According to Hu Sansheng, "Qilian Mountain" here may refer to Qishan Mountain near Ye (southeast of Cixian County, Hebei Province). At that time (204), Cao Cao surrounded Cao Zhen, Yuan Shao's youngest son, Yuan Shang, defeated Qishan (in the south of Cao Zhen), Cao Cao was defeated again, and also surrounded Yecheng, almost being shot by an ambush of Yuan Shenjiang Pei.
26. Forced (forced) to Liyang: In May of the seventh year of Jian 'an (2002), Yuan Shao died in battle, and Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang stuck to Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province), so Cao Cao could not fight Lien Chan.
27. Several defeats in Beishan: Things are unknown. It may mean that in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao led his army out of the inclined valley and went to the northern mountain of Yangping (now the west of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province) to compete with Liu Bei for Hanzhong, refusing to prepare for the crisis. Cao Jun was heartbroken and withdrew to Chang 'an.
28. Almost died in Tongguan: In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Cao Cao fought Ma Chao and Han Sui in Tongguan and met Ma Chaojun by the Yellow River. Cao Cao fled to the boat, and Ma Chao's cavalry chased him along the river. Almost, almost.
29. Falsification: This statement refers to Cao Shi's unification of North China and its usurpation of the country name. Zhuge Liang regarded Shu Han as orthodox and denounced Cao Wei as "pseudo"
30. Chang Ba: Also known as Chang Yi. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou, and Chang Ba rebelled against Cao in the East China Sea. Many counties and counties joined Liu Bei.
3 1, Sidu Chaohu Lake: Cao Wei takes Hefei as the military center and Chaohu Lake is in the south. Sun Wu fortified the Yangtze River estuary south of Chaohu Lake, and the two sides fought in this area many times.
32. Li Fu: In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Dong Cheng, who rode a motorcycle, contacted generals Wu, Wang Zifu and Liu Bei to plot against Cao Cao according to the secret edict of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and things were exposed. Dong Cheng, Wu, Wang Fu were killed. According to Hu Sansheng, "Li Fu, Wang Gai Fu also."
33. Xiahou: Xia. Cao Cao sent Xia to guard Hanzhong. After Liu Bei obtained Yizhou, he sent troops to Hanzhong in the 24th year of Jian 'an, and Shu killed Xia in Dingjun Mountain in Yangpingguan (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province).
34. Hanzhong: County name, named after the upper reaches of Hanshui River (Mianshui), located in Nanzheng (now east of Hanzhong County, Shaanxi Province).
35. Date (j √ mail) Year: the first anniversary.
36. Zhao Yun is a famous soldier in Shu, while Yang Qun and others have unknown deeds. Chang Qu and Tunjiang are generals in the trilogy.
37. General Tu, no front: stormtroopers in the Shu army. Yi, Lao and Qing Qiang: Minorities in Shu Army. Sanda and Wuqi: both are the names of cavalry.
38. Figure: Processing.
39. Husband: Speak. Ping: Same as "evaluation" and judgment.
40. Defeated by Chu: It refers to the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), when Cao Cao's army went south and Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang Changban. Dangyang belongs to the ancient Chu land, so it is a cloud.
4 1. Clap your hands: clap your hands.
42. It has been decided: it has been decided, just like "to".
43. This sentence means that Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Jiangdong Lianhe, and Sun Liu's allied troops defeated Cao Jun at Chibi.
44. This sentence refers to the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), when Liu Bei's troops entered Yizhou occupied by Liu Zhang, and later captured Chengdu and gained Bashu area.
45. beheaded: hand over your head.
46. Guan Yu: The word "Yun" is General Shu Han. Liu Bei entered Sichuan and guarded Jingzhou. In the twenty-four years of Jian 'an, he attacked Cao Wei, conquered Xiangyang, escaped from the Forbidden City and destroyed Pound, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. Sun Quan took the opportunity to sneak attack Jingzhou with Lv Meng's plan and captured Guan Yu and his son alive.
47. This sentence means that because Sun Quan betrayed the alliance, Liu Bei attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu. He personally led the troops to attack Wu, and was defeated by Wu general Lu Xun in Zigui (now north of Yichang, Hubei). If you stumble, you will fall, which means failure.
48. Cao Pi: Zi Huan Zi, Cao Caozi. In 220 AD, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was abolished as Shanyanggong, in order to establish the State of Wei.
49. Inverse view: foresight, prediction.
50. Do one's best: do one's best for national affairs. One is "do your best."
5 1, stiff: indicating success or difficulty.
52, see (dǔ gambling): that is, the "reverse view", as expected.
About the author: Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), a native of Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was the prime minister of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang, and after his death, he pursued loyalty to Hou of Wuxiang. The Eastern Jin regime made him the King of Wuxing. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the Shu-Han regime until he died. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow.
In 234, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji). Zhuge Liang was highly respected in later generations, becoming a model of loyal ministers and the embodiment of wisdom. Chengdu, Baoji, Hanzhong, Nanyang and other places have Wuhou Temple, and Du Fu wrote Shu Xiang to praise Zhuge Liang.
reference data
Ancient Poetry Network: http://so.gushiwen.org/view_72274.aspx