1. The local population of Kaifeng
Mainly composed of the Central Plains people of the traditional Han nationality. The most glorious era of Kaifeng’s population during the same period was undoubtedly the Northern Song Dynasty. As the capital of the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng City With a population of more than 1.5 million, it was the largest city in the world at that time. In modern times, the urban population of Kaifeng in the 1850s was approximately 360,000, while the urban populations of Luoyang and Zhengzhou during the same period were only 70,000 and 30,000 respectively. In 1954, after the capital of Henan Province was moved from Kaifeng City to Zhengzhou City, nearly 70,000 people from Kaifeng moved to Zhengzhou City.
At the end of 2018, the total population of Kaifeng City was 5.2564 million, an increase of 26,000 over the end of the previous year; the permanent population was 4.5649 million, an increase of 15.6 million over the end of the previous year, including 2.23 million urban permanent residents; The urbanization rate was 48.9, 1.5 percentage points higher than the end of the previous year. The annual birth rate was 11.23‰, the death rate was 6.28‰, and the natural growth rate was 4.95‰.
2. Introduction to Kaifeng City
Kaifeng is a cultural city with rich history. As the "ancient capital of eight dynasties", Kaifeng has a history of more than 4,100 years of city and capital establishment. It has successively established capitals here during the Xia and Warring States periods, the Later Liang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Later Zhou during the Five Dynasties period. The Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty successively established their capitals here. . Especially during the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the largest metropolis in the world at that time, giving birth to the far-reaching "Song Culture" that inherited the Han and Tang Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Song Dynasty, successive dynasties have regarded Kaifeng as a regional economic and cultural center in northern China. Over the course of thousands of years of history, the diligent and intelligent people of Kaifeng have created a starry palace culture, government culture, loyalty culture, religious culture, folk culture, garden culture, food culture, chrysanthemum culture, opera culture, and calligraphy culture. They are all cultural representatives of Kaifeng. In the history of Kaifeng, there have emerged Jiao Yulu, a good example of county party secretary, the selfless Bao Gong, the loyal Yang family generals, the national hero Yue Fei, Wang Anshi who wanted to strengthen the country through reform, Zhao Xinling who defeated the Qin Dynasty and saved Zhao Xinling, the painter Zhang Zeduan, the writer Cai Yong, the poet Ruan Ji, and the educator Lin Boxiang. Celebrities such as historian Fan Wenlan, philosophy master Feng Youlan, and advanced model Wang Zhenli.
Kaifeng is an ecological, livable and charming city. The cultural landscape and natural scenery complement each other, with 10 national 5A and 4A tourist attractions, and 19 national key cultural relics protection units; the city has five lakes and four rivers in the old city, and Kaifeng West Lake and Zhongyi Lake are embedded in the new area, known as the "Northern Water City" called. The China Kaifeng Qingming Cultural Festival held in Kaifeng every spring and the China Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival held in autumn attract many domestic and foreign tourists. "April Qingming" and "October Chrysanthemum" have become famous festival brands across the country. With the further advancement of the construction of the national Song Dynasty Ancient City Cultural Industry Demonstration Park and the successful creation of the National Tourism Standardization Demonstration City, the hardware foundation, material image and functional connotation of Kaifeng's international tourism are increasingly improving. An exquisite and beautiful international cultural tourism city is taking shape.
Kaifeng is a soaring city of hope. As the old provincial capital city of Henan, Kaifeng's economic aggregate has always been at the forefront of the province before the 1980s. It was a key investment city during the country's "First Five-Year Plan" and "Second Five-Year Plan" periods, and once produced Henan Province's first A TV set, the first refrigerator, the first sewing machine, the first bicycle and many other "firsts in the province". At present, Kaifeng has a complete industrial foundation, and industrial clusters such as automobiles and parts, equipment, chemicals, new materials, food, textiles and clothing, photovoltaics, wood industry, biomedicine, and electronic information have begun to take shape. Kaifeng is rich in agricultural resources and is an important production area of ??wheat, peanuts and cotton in the country. Its watermelon and peanut production ranks first in Henan, and its garlic production ranks second in the country. Kaifeng has excellent transportation location. Longhai Railway and Zhengzhou-Xu Expressway Passenger Line run across the entire territory. Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kowloon Railways are adjacent to the east and west. Four highways, Lianhuo, Rinan, Daguang and Zhengmin, are intertwined with each other. Zhengkai Avenue and Zhengzhou Expressway are adjacent to each other. Logistics channels and Zhengbian Road lead directly to the provincial capital. It only takes 30 minutes from Kaigang Avenue to Xinzheng International Airport; the Zhengzhou-Kaikou intercity railway can reach Zhengzhou High-speed Railway East Station in 28 minutes and connect to the Zhengzhou Metro. The Zhengzhou-Xuzhou high-speed railway is open to traffic, and Kaifeng has officially entered the "high-speed rail era".
The second phase of Jixi Expressway and Shangdeng Expressway were completed and opened to traffic, making Kaifeng's location advantages more prominent.
Kaifeng is a booming and dynamic city. In 2003, Comrade Li Keqiang, then Secretary of the Henan Provincial Party Committee, proposed to build a Central Plains urban agglomeration and proposed "extending the Zhengluo Industrial Corridor eastward to Kaifeng." In August 2004, the "Research Report on the Development of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration" suggested that priority should be given to promoting the integrated development of Zhengzhou and Bian during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, and Kaifeng ushered in new development opportunities. In 2012, the State Council approved the "Central Plains Economic Zone Plan", and Kaifeng was identified as one of the core cities of the Central Plains Economic Zone, and it was clearly proposed to promote the integrated development of Zhengzhou and Bianer. In 2013, the State Council approved the "Development Plan for the Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone" and 65 square kilometers of Weishi County in Kaifeng City was included in the airport area. Kaifeng was identified as one of the main cities in the Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone. In August 2016, the State Council approved the establishment of the China (Henan) Free Trade Pilot Zone, of which Kaifeng is an important component and one of the three major zones. In October 2016, the report of the 10th Provincial Party Congress clearly stated that it is necessary to "promote the integration and docking of surrounding cities and Zhengzhou, promote the in-depth development of Zhengzhou-Bian integration, accelerate the integrated development of Zhengxin, Zhengxu, and Zhengjiao, and build a combined large-scale urban areas to enhance their ability to radiate and drive the development of the entire province." Zheng-Bian integration has entered a stage of in-depth development. In December 2016, the state officially approved the “13th Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Rise of Central China”. In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Plan" and Kaifeng was listed as a core development area. In 2019, the 8th Plenary Session of the 10th Provincial Party Committee focused on accelerating the development of Kaifeng and made major deployments such as "creating key industrial belts such as the Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Mass Entrepreneurship Corridor and the opening of the Port, and implementing the construction project along the Yellow River Ecological Belt." During the "Two Sessions" of the province in 2019, the "Provincial Government Work Report" focused on accelerating the development of Kaifeng and proposed "promoting the deep integration of Kaifeng and Zhengzhou, comprehensively advancing the construction of key industrial belts such as the Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Dual-Innovation Corridor and the Open Port, and accelerating the development of Henan University's 'double first-class' 'Construction' and other requirements. In the more than ten years since Zhengzhou-Bian integration was first proposed, Zhengzhou and Kaifeng have adhered to the principles of “overall arrangements, coordinated advancement, complementary advantages, and common development” to adhere to industrial support, characteristic complementarity, and market We have achieved remarkable development results through modernization operation, urbanization connection and modernization promotion. The two cities have initially established the "five cities and one city" mechanism for transportation, telecommunications, finance, industry, ecology and resource sharing, forming a city with the highest population concentration in the province and the ability to radiate and drive. The strongest Zheng-Bian urban development area strongly supports Zhengzhou’s strategy of building a national central city. As one of the central cities in the core area of ??the Central Plains urban agglomeration, an important part of the Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone, one of the three major areas of the China (Henan) Free Trade Zone, and an important wing of the integrated development of Zhengzhou and Bian, Kaifeng is facing a rare historical situation Opportunity has become one of the most dynamic cities in Henan Province and even in the central region of the country.
Physical Geography
Kaifeng City is located in the eastern part of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Plain. It is located in the central and eastern part of Henan Province. It is adjacent to the provincial capital Zhengzhou City in the west, Shangqiu City in the east, Xuchang City and Xuchang City in the south. Zhoukou City is adjacent to the Yellow River in the north and faces Xinxiang City across the river.
Kaifeng has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature is 14.52°C, the average annual frost-free period is 221 days, and the average annual precipitation is 627.5 mm. The precipitation is mostly concentrated in July and August in summer.
There are many rivers in Kaifeng, which belong to two major water systems. The beach area to the north of the Yellow River embankment is the Yellow River system, with a drainage area of ??281 square kilometers; the south of the Yellow River embankment is the Huaihe River system, with the main rivers including Huiji River, Majia River, Huangbian River, Jialu River, and Wohe River, with a drainage area of ??5,985 square kilometers.
Resources and Products
Kaifeng has a flat terrain and its soil is mostly clay, loam and sand, which is suitable for crop cultivation. It is an important agricultural planting area in Henan Province, mainly including food crops, cash crops, Vegetables, fruits and deciduous trees have formed agricultural industrial chains such as wheat, peanuts, pollution-free fruits, chrysanthemums, and animal husbandry. Kaifeng is rich in plant resources, with more than 800 species of terrestrial and aquatic plants.
There are many kinds of animals, including pigs, cattle, sheep, donkeys, chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits, fish, birds and other farmed animals, as well as more than 60 kinds of wild animals. Kaifeng is an important breeding base for pigs, cattle and sheep in the province. , "Kaifeng Yellow River Carp" is known as "the best fish" and is well-known at home and abroad. The underground resources in the area under Kaifeng's jurisdiction have been proven to include oil and natural gas. The total oil production is expected to be 560 million tons and the natural gas reserves are 48.5 billion cubic meters. Coal resources are deeply buried, with predicted reliable reserves of 7.79 billion tons. In addition, there are rich underground deposits of limestone, rock salt, gypsum and other minerals.