Du Fu's father
?Du Fu's father is Du Xian. His father was a Sima of Yanzhou and was the son of the famous poet Du Shenyan. As Du Xian's name is, he is a " The word "Xian" seems to sum up his life. With such a famous father and son, Du Xian became more and more unknown and did nothing. There are very few historical records about him.
Portrait of Du Fu
Du Xian was born in 682 AD, the youngest son of Du Shenyan. He was appointed Lieutenant of Yancheng when he was 35 years old, and was later promoted to Lieutenant General in 732 AD. At that time, he served as Feng Tianling, and five years later he moved to Duling, Jingzhao, where he served as Sima of Yanzhou.
Du Xian married his first wife Cui when he was 28 years old. Two years later, they gave birth to a son, Du Fu. Du Fu was also Du Xian’s eldest son. Unfortunately, Du Fu was born not long after Du Fu was born. Cui died of illness. Then Du Xian remarried to his second wife, the Lu family. Du Fu seemed to have no feelings for his stepmother. When he was growing up, it was his aunt who played the role of mother, not Lu family, so his stepmother Lu family was rarely mentioned in his poems.
Du Xian died of illness in 741 AD at the age of 59. This can be said to be a major blow in Du Fu's life. At this time, Du Fu had ambitions and passionate expectations of serving the country, but without him Without financial support, it was difficult for Du Fu to realize his great ambitions while maintaining food and clothing for his family.
Previously, the family's financial resources were controlled by Du Fu's father, Du Xian. Although Du Xian was a young official, he had a stable salary. Although his life was not rich, it was not a hardship either. After his death, Du Fu, as the eldest son, became the pillar of the family, but as a weak scholar, Du Fu could not bear such a heavy burden. Chronology of Du Fu
?Du Fu wandered throughout his life without a fixed residence, and finally died of illness on the way. From the many poems he left behind, we can see Du Fu’s life experience and his journey along the way. The mentality changes, from the great ambition at the beginning to the avoidance of chaos later. And his poetic attainments have become more profound with changes in experience. Next, let us take a look at Du Fu's chronology and his life experience.
Portrait of Du Fu
In 712 AD, Du Fu was born.
In 718 AD, Du Fu was able to compose poetry at the age of 7.
In 720 AD, Du Fu began to study calligraphy.
In 725 AD, 14-year-old Du Fu began to travel with literati and was able to exchange poems with them.
In 730 AD, Du Fu was 19 years old, ambitious and unruly, and began his travel period, traveling to the south of the Yangtze River with his friends.
From 731 AD to 734 AD, Du Fu spent 4 years traveling in the Wuyue area.
In 735 AD, Du Fu returned to his hometown to take part in the imperial examination, but was not selected.
In 736 AD, Du Fu traveled again in the Qi and Zhao areas and made friends with Su Yuanming. Du Fu traveled in this generation for the next five years, and returned to Dongjun when he was thirty years old.
In 744 AD, Du Fu returned to his hometown and stayed in Dongjun for three years. Here he met Li Bai, the "Immortal of Poetry". The two of them traveled around Qilu and visited celebrities from all over the world. They were very happy. .
In 746 AD, the 35-year-old Du Fu went to Chang'an to take the exam but was not selected, so he stayed in Chang'an for ten years. In order to make a living, he often worked as a Confucian scholar and presented poems to the wealthy and powerful.
From AD 755 to AD 763, from the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion to its pacification, Du Fu once held the official post of Zuo Shiyi. He was later demoted due to false accusations due to his upright advice. During this period, he realized that the ruler was corrupt and resigned. Since then, he has been fleeing to avoid the war, and his life is extremely embarrassing.
In 770 AD, 59-year-old Du Fu died of illness in a boat. Du Fu's authentic works
Du Fu was able to compose poems when he was young, which shows his extraordinary talent. Later, Du Fu had a great influence in the poetry world, and Du Fu was also quite accomplished in calligraphy. When he was nine years old, he Learn calligraphy and get the essence of it. Du Fu's calligraphy creations are very profound and mature. However, it is still a mystery whether Du Fu's authentic calligraphy has been handed down to the world.
Rubbings and inscriptions of Du Fu's "The Poem of the Nine Days of Nanshan by Yan Gong in Taizhong"
From historical records, it can be known that Du Fu's calligraphy is done in regular script and cursive, and the overall style is in regular script. Yi Xingzhi paid great attention to the rhythm of writing and the use of pen and ink. He was a very profound calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Authentic calligraphy works of Du Fu are very rare so far. Some netizens said that Du Fu was not valued during his lifetime, and his family was poor and he had no fixed place in his later years. There are very few authentic calligraphy works preserved. In addition, Du Fu became famous only in the Song Dynasty. After that, that time was already a long time away from Du Fu's life, and it was even more difficult for the authentic work to be passed down.
Therefore, many people used the name of famous people to fake calligraphy works, and some people borrowed Du Fu's original calligraphy to deceive others, thus producing "Poetry of Nanshan in the Nine Days of Yan Gong of Taizhong" 》The original rubbings of the stone tablet were considered to be Du Fu's only existing authentic work. There were different opinions for a while and caused a lot of turmoil.
It is said that this original rubbing came from an ancient kiln in Sichuan Province. According to legend, it was a poem written by Du Fu when he came here to visit his friend Yan Wu in 760 AD. In 1934, a museum disclosed this rubbing, which attracted much discussion. In 1961, Mr. Qi Gong believed that this rubbing might have been made by a Song Dynasty imitating Du Fu, and its authenticity needs to be verified. Du Fu's achievements
? Du Fu was a poet of the Tang Dynasty, the founder of the Yuefu poetry style of the Han Dynasty, and a realist poet. Most of his works were written in ancient style and rhythmic poetry. The styles were diverse, but his poetic style was melancholy and frustrating, with many The sentimentality of worrying about the country and the people has been called "the history of poetry" by later generations.
Portrait of Du Fu
Du Fu really became famous after the Song Dynasty. After that, "depressed and frustrated" became a judgment word for Du Fu's poetic style. What it shows is that the ideological contents described in Du Fu's poems are all It is broad and profound, full of emotions, and Du's poems express their emotions with complete artistic conception, refined words and changing rhythms. The poet places his emotions on every plant and tree in the poem. See also His temperament is thick.
Du Fu’s poems are not only melancholy and frustrating, but also have ever-changing styles and diverse forms of expression. This must be related to the different contents described by Du Fu. In his later years, he experienced the "Anshi Rebellion" and saw various things. This situation greatly increased his life experience, so in addition to travel, mountains and rivers, customs, family and friends, the themes of his creations also included creations and wars that were concerned about the country and the people. Politics and poetry reflecting social reality. Under different creative backgrounds, Du Fu's poems use different styles to express their emotions.
Du Fu is very realistic in his creations, reflecting many profound real-life contents. He uses poetry to present the historical period and social outlook of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to decline in front of the public, and at the same time shapes many characters. The poetic characters with full personalities, emotions and fullness allow everyone to get to know Du Fu better. Du Fu is very good at describing the details of things, which is often more shocking. Such subtle realistic skills are another of Du Fu's artistic achievements. Interesting Facts about Du Fu
Although Du Fu was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, he thought he was noble when he was alive, did not want to be fed by others, and despised the corruption of the court. Therefore, he often lived in poverty and hardship. Therefore, Du Fu had many problems during his lifetime. Few interesting things happened because his family was poor. Next, let us take a look at Du Fu's interesting things.
Statue of Du Fu
After the An-Shi Rebellion, Du Fu expressed his joy when he heard that the war was over. He wrote a poem called "Quequatu? Two Orioles Singing the Green Willows", which became a famous song. The poem has been widely circulated, and the interesting stories caused by this poem have also become good stories.
The original poem is: Two orioles sing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascends to the blue sky. The window contains the snow of Qianqiu in the Xiling Mountains, and the door is docked with ships thousands of miles away from Dongwu.
Du Fu's family was poor, and food and clothing were still a problem on weekdays. When he abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in a thatched house in the middle of Shu, although he found temporary stability and received help from friends, he was still in poverty. One day, a visitor came to Du Fu's thatched cottage and wanted to make friends with poems. So Du Fu had to entertain the guests with good wine and food at home. This made it difficult for Mrs. Du. The family was so poor that there was no good food to entertain. Du Fu saw something in the kitchen. Wine, vegetables, eggs and tofu are the same thing.
Mrs. Du then brought out three dishes and one soup, namely fried leeks with two egg yolks, fried leeks with egg whites, steamed tofu residue, and leek tofu soup with a few pieces of white eggshells. Although it is very shabby, the name of the dish given by Du Fu shows profound meaning. The names of these dishes are Two orioles singing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascending to the sky. The window contains the snow of Qianqiu in the Xiling Mountains, and the door is docked with ships thousands of miles away from Dongwu. So it won the applause of several guests.
As a result, it was spread at this time, and many talented people quoted Du Fu's incident among the people, which extended many interesting stories. They had to lament Du Fu's extraordinary talent.