"Four Great Calligraphers in Regular Script" refer to Ou Yangxun in the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan in the late Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty.
The first edited paragraph is Yan Zhenqing:
Calligraphy was in its heyday in the Tang Dynasty. When it comes to regular script, words must be called Yu, Ou, Chu and Yan. Yan Zhenqing is one of the most innovative great calligraphers. Yan Zhenqing (79-785) was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). He comes from a noble family and is the fifth grandson of the famous scholar Yan Shigu. Yan Zhenqing is honest and straightforward, and he is famous for his righteousness and loyalty in officialdom. He was once a veteran of the four dynasties, and his official career was ups and downs, and he was able to shrug off it. Later, he was ordered to recruit Li Xilie, our envoy from Huaixi, who rebelled, and was killed by Li. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy originated from his own school, but the enlightener of its transformation was Wu Jun Zhang Xu. Because he can choose a hundred schools at the same time, he can choose freely, leaving a large number of books and posts to show his skill. Fan Wenlan, a historian, said that "Yan Zhenqing in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty was the creator of the Tang Dynasty's new book style" when referring to Tang books in his writings. Yan's regular script reflects a prosperous style and imposing manner; And his cursive writing made Mi Fei in the Song Dynasty also like Si Shu, because those books and posts are often written in a state of extreme grief and indignation, and readers can appreciate the taste from this article. Emotion is dissolved in art, and artistic talent gives birth to the soul. Most excellent arts in history do not violate this criterion.
Genetic Deeds
Yan Zhenqing Duobaota Monument: Yan Zhenqing, a djinn of the book circle. For thousands of years, only Yan Lugong can compare with Wang Xizhi, the sage of books, and stride forward in the world of books. Of course, Yan Zhenqing was crowned as the crown in the Tang Dynasty, and Yan Shu was also regarded as a great leader in the Song Dynasty. Since then, Yan Zhenqing's book soul has formed a great force, and accumulated into an important part of the Chinese book soul. Yan Zhenqing Biography of the New Tang Dynasty praised: "Although it is 1,5 years old, its heroic words are like severe frost and scorching sun, which is awesome and admirable!" The heroic life of the sun and the moon is an inexhaustible source of watering his wonderful calligraphy.
The second paragraph edited by Liu Gongquan:
Liu Gongquan, in the 13th year of Dali in Tang Daizong (AD 778)-in the 6th year of Xian Tong in Tang Yizong (AD 865, aged 88. Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) was born. Official to prince Shao Shi, so the world called "Liu Shaoshi". He began to learn Wang Xizhi and studied the brushwork of Ou Yangxun and Yan Zhenqing, and then became a family of his own. The regular script written is attractive in body and strong in bone. Compared with Yan Ti, Liu Zi is slightly thinner, so it is called "Yan Jin Liu Gu". Mu Zong asked Liu Gongquan how to use a pen, and Gong Quan replied: "Use a pen in your heart, and your mind is correct." "Mu Gong changed his face, as his pen remonstrated. Zhu Changwen in Song Dynasty said in Mo Chi: "The official book of public rights and the running model are the best, but the grass can't do it." Its method is based on beauty, but it is vigorous and rich, and it is famous. " He began to learn Wang Xizhi's brushwork, and later read modern calligraphy, so he tried his best to change to the right army method, learn from Yan Zhenqing, and assimilate his own new ideas, so that his calligraphy avoided the trend of being horizontal and thin and vertical, and took a balanced and thin and hard approach, chasing Wei Bei firmly, making his brushwork crisp and beautiful, vigorous and tight, and many scholars in later generations took Liu Zi as a model. He was a 29-year-old Jinshi and served as a junior official in the local area. Later, Tang Muzong accidentally saw his handwriting. At one time, he was called to Chang 'an by the court. At that time, Liu Gongquan was in his forties. His character has both backbone and meticulousness. Similarly, his handwriting also reveals this part of his characteristics. Because of this, his reputation and status in Chang 'an were improved, and the general princes and nobles rushed to invite him at a huge sum of money. Calligraphy in the late Tang Dynasty experienced prosperity in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, but it reached its peak and declined. Although Liu Gongquan's fame was booming for a while, compared with Yan Shu, it was still slightly better. Calligraphy flourished in the Tang Dynasty, but now it has declined. Liu Gongquan's regular script involves Ou Yangxun's brushwork, and some strokes are often closely interspersed, which makes it particularly broad, with fine strokes and sharp edges and corners. Although the pen is from Yan Zhenqing, it is different from Yan Zhenqing's vigorous and broad style, which is particularly heroic. Liu Gongquan died at the age of eighty. He served seven emperors, and finally died as Prince Shao Shi.
Hereditary deeds
There are many books handed down from generation to generation, among which the mysterious tower, the tablet of Shence Army and the Diamond Sutra are prominent. 1. Monument to the Shence Army: in regular script, it was established in the third year of Tang Huichang (AD 843). It is one of Liu Gongquan's representative works, which is more distinctive than the book style of The Mysterious Tower, which is well known in later generations. The structure is smooth and even, and the left side is tight and the right side is comfortable. It is also a good model for temporary writing. 2. The Diamond Sutra of Liu Shu: Regular script, just in the year of Tang Changqing (AD 824), engraved in April. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. Tang Tuo, a stone room in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was handed down from ancient times, intact, and is now in the Paris Museum, France. Critics believe that the regular script Diamond Sutra has the qualities of Zhong (Yao), Wang (Xizhi), Ou (Yang Xun), Yu (Shi Nan), Chu (Sui Liang) and Lu (Dong Zhi), and has high artistic value. 3, "Mysterious Pagoda": regular script. In the first year of Tang Huichang (AD 841), it was established in February, and the original monument is now in the forest of steles in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. This monument is the most famous among the books handed down from generation to generation. It is one of the most influential models of regular script. For example, The Mysterious Tower Monument: Liu Gongquan, known as Liu Shaoshi in the world, was another master of regular script after Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty. His regular script was called "Yan Jin Liu Gu" by later generations together with Yan Zhenqing's regular script. He began to learn Yan Zhenqing, and then studied the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi's father and son and Ou Yangxun in depth, and then formed his own family. Therefore, Liu Gongquan's regular script is mixed with Ou Yangxun's brushwork, and some strokes are often closely interspersed, which makes it particularly broad, with fine strokes and sharp edges and corners. Although his pen is from Yan Zhenqing, it is different from Yan Zhenqing's vigorous and broad style, which makes it particularly heroic. Liu Zi is beautiful and vigorous, and this unique style of calligraphy is called "Liu Ti" by later generations. In the form of Mi Zige, this book explains the radical 1 methods of Liu Gongquan's regular script. The book is divided into six parts: introduction of strokes, introduction of radicals, single characters, compound structure, works of word collection and representative works. This book is suitable for beginners of calligraphy of different ages to learn.
The third paragraph is edited by Zhao Mengfu
Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), whose name is Zi Ang, whose name is Songxue Road, and who is the grandson of Song Taizu X. This is a complicated figure. He is a descendant of the royal family in the Song Dynasty, but he is an official of the foreign court. Although he has a high position, he is actually not taken seriously, and his heart is very depressed. He just sings poetry and paints. He is a rare all-rounder in China's literary history, and only Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty can compare with him. In addition to calligraphy, he is also good at painting, proficient in literature, temperament and Taoism. It was he who was the first to combine "poetry, book and painting" into one. Moreover, there are many famous artists in his family: his wife Guan Daosheng and his son Zhao Yong are all proficient in calligraphy and painting, and his nephew Wang Meng is one of the famous "Yuan Sijia". Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy, the highest achievements are regular script and running script. The famous regular script handed down from generation to generation includes Danba Monument, Miaoyan Temple in Huzhou, Qiuhua Monument, etc. In lower case, there are biographies of Ji An, etc. There are many running script works, such as Luo Shen Fu Juan, Tao Te Ching (partial), Biography of Ji An, Two Poems on Chibi, Thirteen Postscripts on Dingwu Lanting, etc. The main feature of his works, whether regular script or running script, is neat and steady. Gentleness and elegance are the main features of his calligraphy. Although he has made great efforts in Jin people's calligraphy, the exquisite brushwork in Jin people's calligraphy is hardly reflected in his works; In other words, he greatly simplified the subtleties of Jin people's brushwork. Nevertheless, his works are always permeated with a noble and elegant atmosphere. This is entirely due to his profound knowledge and cultivation.
Hereditary deeds
His calligraphy achievements and ideas have deeply influenced later generations. Not only some famous contemporary artists such as Deng Wenyuan and Xian Yushu followed his example, but also Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Yong and Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty drew a lot of nutrition from it. The calligraphy of the whole Yuan Dynasty was almost shrouded in the shadow of Zhao Mengfu. It can be said that he is an important bridge figure who inherits the Jin and Tang Dynasties and enlightens the Qing Dynasty. He is the third influential master in the history of China calligraphy after Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing.
The editor of this paragraph 4 is Ou Yangxun
Ou Yangxun (557 ~ 441), a letter book, who was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) in the Tang Dynasty. Officer to prince rate more, bachelor of Hong Wen Pavilion, sealing Bohai County male. Expose the ancient and modern, and the book will do its best, especially for being honest and running. Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, beginners, absorbed han li's and Wei-Jin dynasties' model writing methods, and made innovations. Their brushwork was bold, thin and hard, and their attitude was precise and elegant, forming their own "European style", which had a far-reaching influence on later generations. According to historical records, Ou Yangxun "is very ugly, but he is extremely clever. He reads a lot, and he is well versed in classics and history, especially in three histories." Ou Yangxun, together with Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, is called the "Four Schools of Early Tang Dynasty". Tang Zhang Huaiguan's Book Broken says: "Ou Yangxun" The book of true deeds is based on big orders, and it is not integrated. It is as dense as an armory spear and halberd, and the fengshen is stricter than Zhiyong, and the embellishment is less than Yu Shinan. " There are still many books in Europe, including Zhong Ni Meng Dian Tie, Bo Shang Tie, Hans Zhang Tie, etc., and the inscriptions include the inscription of the stupa of the Buddhist monk who died in Huadu Temple, the inscription of Jiucheng Palace, the tablet of Huangfu Birthday, the tablet of Yu Gong Gong Gong, the record of Zongsheng Temple, and the tablet of the Buddhist monk who died in 199.
The greatest contribution of genetic deeds
is his arrangement of regular script structure. According to legend, Ou Yangxun summed up thirty-six structural methods of regular script fonts, named "Ou Yangxun's thirty-six methods". Although this method is mixed with the explanations or reflections made by later generations, there must be a large part of it that is still Ou Yangxun's: his research has completely got rid of the irregular changes of unstable fonts, and entered the level of modeling analysis, and the mature concept of calligraphy structure is truly established.