The surname Ning is the 187th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.05% of the country's Han population. ?
Tracing back to the roots, there are four sources of the surname Ning: 1. After Ning Yu, a doctor of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. 2. Comes from the surname Ji. According to "Surname Jijiupian·Annotation" and "Surname Research", King Wen's son Wei Kangshu was succeeded by Wei Chenggong. Chenggong granted his son Ji Yu Ningyi (today's Xiuwu, Henan), and his descendants took the city as their title. (actually contradicting ①, Ning Yu was a loyal minister when Duke Cheng of Wei, it was impossible for Duke Cheng to enfeoff one land to two people, which is inconsistent with the ancient system). 3. Comes from the surname Ying. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", Ning has the same surname as Qin. The great-grandson of Qin Xianggong was posthumously named Ning Gong, and his concubines took his posthumous name as their surname. 4. Coming from another clan with a different surname. The surnames Ningguta and Ningjia of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty were all changed to the surname Ning; today Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic minorities all have this surname.
The surname was Ning Yu, the ancestor. Namely Ning Wuzi, a native of Wei during the Spring and Autumn Period, and a senior official during the reign of Duke Wen of Wei and Duke Cheng. Chenggong Wudao was attacked by Jin. He lost his country and went to Chu and Chen, and his death was held by the marquis of Jin. Ning Yu did not avoid hardships and dangers, but dealt with them to protect his body and help his king. Confucius said: "A country with the Way will be wise, but a country without the Way will be foolish. Its wisdom can be reached, but its stupidity cannot be reached." Because Ning Yu was witty, courageous and loyal, later generations named Ning Yu, who gave him the surname Zun Ning Yu.
The surname Ning originated from Ningyi in the Wei Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period. Not long after he got the surname, he became famous and famous. Those who appear in the history include Ning Yu (Ning Wuzi) and his son Ning Xiang, Ning Shi ( Ning Huizi) and his sons Ning Xi (Ning Maozi), Ning Su (Ning Zhuangzi), etc. were all officials of Wei. There was also Ning kneeling, the official of Wei who was exiled to Qin. In this way, Ning kneeling's descendants and the descendants of Duke Ning of Qin They merged together in Shaanxi, and Ning Qi became an official in Qi, and his descendants settled in Shandong. During the Warring States Period, there were King Wei of Zhou and Ning Yue from Zhongmu (now in Henan Province) of Zhao State; during the Qin Dynasty, there were Ningchang from Wei (now Linzhang, Hebei); Ning Jun from Dongyang (now Tianchang, Anhui); and in the Western Han Dynasty, there was Dongpingkang. His father was a native of Ning Shou (now Jining, Shandong), Ning Cheng was a native of Nanyang Rang (now Dengzhou, Henan), Ningji was a native of Youchaoge (now Qixian, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ning Shu was a native of Guanghan (now Sichuan). These historical facts show that during the Han Dynasty, the Ning surname was already distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River provinces such as Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shandong, and some people entered southern provinces such as Anhui and Sichuan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Ning surname flourished in the Jinan area of ??present-day Shandong Province. Therefore, in later generations, some people with the Ning surname used Jinan as their county hall name. Of course, like other Central Plains gentry during this period, some people with the Ning surname fled the chaos and moved southward into present-day Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces. Even Guangxi in the southwest of the motherland also had traces of people with the Ning surname. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, people named Ning appeared more frequently in the annals of history again. This changed the dull situation during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and brought about a new development of the Ning surname. After the Song Dynasty, more and more people with the surname Ning moved southward, and gradually spread to Guangdong and Fujian. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Ning surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to Hongdong's large locust tree, and was relocated to Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and other places. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people with Ning surnames from Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and other places moved to the north of Shanhaiguan to thrive, and some people with Ning surnames from Sichuan and Guangxi moved to Yunnan and Guizhou. After Zhang Xianzhong massacred Sichuan, people with the surname Ning from Hunan and Hubei filled in Sichuan. After the Kangxi and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty, the Ning surnames from Shandong, Hebei, and Henan entered Liaoning, Jilin and other places along with the trend of entering Guandong. Ning surnames from the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan, Ning surnames from Shanxi moved to Inner Mongolia, and Ning surnames from Shaanxi moved to Gansu. Today, the surname Ning is widely distributed across the country, especially in Jilin, Shaanxi, Hunan, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces. The Ning surname in the above six provinces accounts for about 63% of the Han population in the country.
Junwangtang No. During the long-term reproduction and migration process of the Ning surname, the main counties formed are: Jinan County - established in the Han Dynasty. The administrative seat was Dongpingling (the old city is in the west of Zhangqiu, Shandong today), and the Jin Dynasty moved it to Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Its jurisdiction is similar to Jinan, Zhangqiu, Jiyang and Zouping in present-day Shandong Province.
Town names: "Jinan", "Kuanlian", "Jieyi", etc. ?
Family characteristics 1. The surname Ning is a man of many talents. As early as the pre-Qin period, his celebrities have appeared in the annals of history. 2. There are two ways of writing Ning in the ancient style. One is Ning, who is a concubine of Duke Ning of Qin, and the other is Ning, who is after Uncle Kangshu of Wei. However, if we trace their origins, they are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and they are all simplified to Ning, so people with the surname Ning don’t need to distinguish each other. 3. Ning Qi, a native of Wei who was once a minister of Qi, the song he used to impress Duke Huan of Qi can be said to be an earlier poem in ancient times. The song goes: "The white rocks of Nanshan are rotten, and half of the carp's blood is in them. I will never meet Yao and Shun in my life... When will the long night end?"
”
Ning Qi: A native of Wei State, he was a senior official of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was not recognized for his talent, so he hid among merchants and stayed outside the east gate of Qi. When Duke Huan was out, he was feeding cattle, knocking horns and singing. Duke Huan heard that Instead, Guan Zhong recommended him to Huan Gong based on his expertise, and he was appointed as Datian (agricultural officer), and later became a doctor. Ning Cheng was from Nanyang Rang (now Dengzhou, Henan), and he was a cruel official in the Western Han Dynasty. Cruel, Emperor Wu was in charge of the imperial court, and later he was freed from crime and returned home. People said: "Ning Chengzhi is like a wolf shepherding sheep. "Ning Chun: A native of Qinjiang, Qinzhou (now part of Guangxi), he was an official in the Tang Dynasty. He was a commander-in-chief in his lifetime. His father was Ning Xuan, who was the prefect of Hepu in the Sui Dynasty. Tang Gaozu Wudezhong returned to the Tang Dynasty. After his father's death, Yichun became the governor of Yuezhou. He was good at caring for people and could teach his clan members through poetry and calligraphy. He moved to Hezhou. Ning Geng was a native of Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi). Tongxiang soldiers refused, and he was promoted to the imperial censor in Rao and Shezhou. Ning Tao was a native of Huayin, Huazhou (now part of Shaanxi Province), and was a painter of the Song Dynasty. Ning Zhi, a native of Quwo, Jiangzhou (now part of Shanxi Province), was a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. He taught Jin Jiang about his virtues and knowledge. A native of Liang (now Jiangxi Province), he was an official in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the chief official of Qichun. When the Jin soldiers arrived, everyone was frightened. Du Shifeng made a generous speech and died in Heyang, Mengzhou (now Mengzhou). He was born in Meng County, Henan Province, and was a general in the Yuan Dynasty. He had great physical strength and had great achievements in crossing the river. Later, he attacked Xiangfan and destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty. He was appointed as the marshal of the western Zhejiang Province and had tens of thousands of households along the coast. Ningzheng: Fengyang Prefecture. A native of Shouzhou (now part of Anhui Province), he was a calm and courageous general. He followed Zhu Yuanzhang in conquering all directions and established tens of thousands of hectares of farmland. He gained enough troops and peasants to lead an envoy in Sichuan and later defended Yunnan in Ningqin: Huguang Hengyang. He was originally from Hunan Province and was an official in the Ming Dynasty. He was a censor during the Zhengde period and advised Emperor Wuzong on his southern tour. After Tian Mingjian surrendered to the Later Jin Dynasty, he was assigned to the Zhenghong Banner of the Han Army. Later, he promoted the people of the Ming Dynasty and advocated imitating the Ming Dynasty. He visited the six ministries and spoke to officials, and he also proposed strategies to destroy the Ming Dynasty. He became a bachelor and the president of "History of the Ming Dynasty". Ning Tiaoyuan was a modern bourgeois revolutionary and poet in Liling, Hunan. He joined the Tongmenghui during his stay in Japan. After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the general office of Guangdong Sanfo Railway. During the revolution, he was killed by Yuan Shikai.
As human surnames, Ning and Ning have always been the same. Although some people strictly divide them into two surnames. Most people confuse Ning and Ning when writing, even the greatest history book "Historical Records" is no exception.
So, in essence, they are different in form and surname. Two different surnames, or a family with no difference at all? The surname Ning is pronounced with four tones, and the surname Ning is pronounced with two tones. To understand this issue, you must first read the passage recorded in "A Study of Surnames": " Ning, after Wei Kangshu, Cheng Gongsheng gathered food in Ning, took Yi as his surname, and looked out to Qi County. He also communicated with Ningcheng, Han Ningcheng, and Ningcheng was recorded in "Historical Records". ”
From this passage, it seems that the Ning and Ning families were indeed born from the same father and the same mother. They can definitely be confused with each other. In other words, the children of this family can be confused with each other. If your surname is written as "Ning", you can also write it as "Ning" more easily.
This surname can be written in two ways. It is clearly recorded in "A Study of Surnames" that it dates from the Spring and Autumn Period. They came from Weiguo. In other words, they originated in Hebei and Henan two or three thousand years ago. Their ancestor, Uncle Kang, was the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, who was granted the title of King Wu at that time. Among the many sons of King Wen of Zhou, he was outstanding. After Duke Zhou killed the rebellious Wu Geng, he governed the Yin Dynasty's survivors to great joy. Later, he was promoted to Sikou by his nephew King Cheng of Zhou, with extraordinary brilliance.
However, among the two unrelated surnames, Ning and Ning, there is another branch of the Ning family, so some scholars in the past advocated that the two surnames should be strictly distinguished and should not be confused. According to research, the second branch of the surname is the descendant of the famous Qin Shihuang, that is, the descendant of the ancient Emperor Zhuan Xu. , the great-grandson of Qin Xianggong was posthumously named Ning Gong, and the concubines regarded him as his surname."
This school of thought is reasonable. On the surface, it seems that the Ning and Ning surnames should be strictly divided.
However, if we trace it further, Zhuanxu, the ancestor of the Ying surname, was King Wen of Zhou, the father of Huangdi's great-grandson Wei Kangshu, and was also a descendant of Huangdi's Ji surname. Since the surnames Ji and Ying are both derived from the Yellow Emperor, it is obvious that although the Ning family has two water sources, they are both born from the same father. Therefore, it seems that Ning and Ning need not worry about writing.
The Ning family, which is generally recognized as originating from the Wei Kingdom 3000 years ago, was outstanding and extraordinary in the Spring and Autumn Period. The two Weiguo people at that time, Ning Yu and Ning Qi, were both remarkable historical figures who have long been admired.
Ning Yu, the famous Wei Wuzi, was a great official of the Wei Kingdom at that time. He was wise and loyal. When Duke Wen of Wei was righteous, nothing happened. But when Duke Cheng of Wei was ungrateful, nothing happened. Avoiding hardships and dangers was highly praised by Confucius as "A country with the Way will be wise, and a country without the Way will be foolish. Its wisdom can be reached, but its stupidity cannot be reached."
Ning Qi was a Weiguo native in the early Spring and Autumn Period. , merchants and merchants did not use it to cultivate virtue, and stayed outside the east gate of Qi State. One day, Duke Huan of Qi, who was the first to dominate the princes, went out at night and heard him singing a song about eating an ox and buckling its horns. From the lyrics, he knew his virtues, so he ordered Guan Zhong to worship him as the high minister of Qi. He behaved really wisely, and later he also He further succeeded Guan Zhong as Prime Minister of Qi, and his name will be remembered throughout the ages.
The other branch of the Ning family originated from Mongolia. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian general Mangge Timur supported his troops in the southern expedition. Because his family was Changdewei in Hunan, he was a prominent official for several generations. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Ning family in Changde moved to Ningxiang, Changsha and Xiaochang, Hubei.