Wang Yong, the author of "A berth under the Beibao Mountain", was born in Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty. He was a scholar in the congenital period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and worked as a local official. Twice called to attend the collation of ancient books in the imperial court. At that time, he enjoyed a certain title of poetry, but few poems were handed down. At best, he was a second-rate poet in an era of bright stars in the Tang Dynasty. But second-rate poets can sometimes write first-rate works. One of the berths at the foot of Beibao Mountain is a poem: We meander along the blue mountain/Me and my boat, along the green water/Until the river bank widens at low tide/No wind blows my lonely sail/... Night now gives way to the ocean of the sun/The old year melts in freshness/I can finally send my messenger/Go back to the geese.
It can be seen from the word "ci" in the title of the poem that when the author wrote this poem, he was passing through Beigushan and parked in front of Zhoushan. Therefore, poetry belongs to the poetry about travel, and the content is what the author saw, thought and felt when passing through Beigushan.
When I first read this poem, I liked its couplets best: plain words and ingenious ideas, fresh pictures and meaningful words, which left a deep impression on my mind.
In the first couplet, Wang Wan confessed his wandering whereabouts through the description of guest roads, green hills, boating and green waters, followed by his future prospects. In the poet's pen, "river tide", "river bank", "wind" and "sail" are all personalized through a word "wide" and "hanging". Therefore, it can be said that the poet not only sees a bright future, but also implies that the bright future of life lies ahead. Of course, in fact, the most famous sentence of this poem is its necklace: "... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness." It is said that it was praised by many people in the Tang Dynasty. According to "Heroes Crossing the River", Zhang Xiang, a famous figure at that time, appreciated these two poems. He used to hang them in his government hall to remind himself to use them as a model when writing poems. Zheng Gu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his poetry collection Postscript: "Which sea can last forever?" . Today, some people even say that these two poems sum up the overall artistic style of Tang poetry.
After him, Xin Qiji went to Gubeiting twice, and wrote "Looking Back at Gubeiting in Yonghe Lejingkou" and "Nanxiangzi Dengjingkou Gubeiting Huaihuai". Beigushan has all this. Although its spatial height is less than 100 meters, it has gained a very high cultural height.
Mount Lushan
If you ask a pupil, "Do you know Lushan Mountain?" I'm afraid he will recite Li Bai's poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" for you immediately in a childish voice: the incense burner in Rizhao gives birth to purple smoke/watching the waterfall hanging in a thousand rivers/flying down three thousands of feet/suspecting that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days.
Although Lushan Mountain has been associated with political events again and again in modern times, it belongs to poetry as a famous mountain after all.
As far as the cultural level is concerned, some of the famous mountains in China can match or even surpass them, such as Mount Tai. But Mount Tai seems too sacred, too solemn and too heavy. After all, it is not as easy to get close as Lushan Mountain. Therefore, apart from Du Fu's "Looking at Yue", there are not many good poems belonging to Mount Tai. Lushan Mountain is different. There are too many good poems belonging to Lushan Mountain, because there are too many poets who have boarded Lushan Mountain. Poets are not like politicians. It's like going to Lushan Mountain to write poems-reading poems, commenting on poems, writing poems and competing poems. In this process, although there are many arguments-even poets of different times will have arguments that span time and space, this argument is only poetry after all.
The first poem that caused the dispute of Lushan Poetry was written by Xu Ning, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, and it was entitled Lushan Waterfall: falling into the spring in vain/thundering and rushing endlessly/as long as white through the ages/a broken castle peak.
Soon after Xu Ning's poem was written, the great poet Bai Juyi boarded Lushan Mountain. He saw Lushan Waterfall and read Xu Ning's poems. He is very grateful. Someone asked him to write a poem, and he made it clear: "You can't compete!" It's a bit like "there is a scene in front of me with Xu Ning's poems on it". But after all, Bai Juyi left a poem for Lushan Mountain, but he found another way. This is a famous sentence in "Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple": In April, the world is full of flowers/the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are in full bloom/I hate that spring is nowhere to be found/I don't know how to turn it into spring.
Bai Juyi's poems are recognized as good poems, but some people disagree with Bai Juyi's point of view. On the contrary, he thinks that Xu Ning's poems are really "evil poems". This man is not an ordinary person, but another great poet Su Dongpo in the history of China.
According to the Tang and Song Poetry, Su Shi "first entered Lushan Mountain, and Chen Lingju read Lushan Story". When he saw the poems of Xu Ning and Li Bai, he felt that he didn't laugh. In order to make a masterpiece, the master of Kaiyuan Temple asked for poetry. As the saying goes,' the emperor sent the Milky Way down, and there were fallen immortals in ancient times. I don't want to wash bad poems for Xu Ning. "Su Dongpo believes that Xu Ning's poems can only be" evil poems "compared with Li Bai's poems, and Lushan Waterfall has also written for Li Bai.
Although Su Dongpo disagreed with Bai Juyi's point of view, his behavior was the same as Bai Juyi's, and he didn't write any more poems for Lushan Waterfall. But after Li Bai and Bai Juyi, they found a new way, leaving a famous sentence called "The Wall of the West Ridge": The mountain peaks are across/the distance is different/I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain/I am but toward which corner of the mountain.
Su Dongpo no longer (or dare not) dedicate his poems to Lushan Waterfall, but to the stone wall of Lushan Mountain, obviously because he didn't want his poems to become "evil poems"! Of course, his "dare not" is obviously not because of Xu Ning, but because of Li Bai.
Indeed, Li Bai's Looking at Lushan Waterfall can be said to be the cultural elevation of Lushan Mountain.
Tianmen Mountain
Tianmen broke the Chu River/the clear water flowed eastward here/the green hills on both sides of the strait were opposite/a lonely sail came.
Tianmen Mountain written by Li Bai in Looking at Tianmen Mountain is in Anhui Province. The Tianmen Mountain he "saw" was not a mountain, but a combination of Liang Dongshan (in dangtu county, Anhui) and Xiliangshan (in Hexian County, Anhui). Because of its confrontation with the river, the situation is dangerous and looks like a natural gateway, so it is also called "Tianmen Mountain".
I first read this poem when I was in junior high school. The four plain poems give us such a magnificent picture: the surging Yangtze River rushes all the way, but it is blocked by a mountain, but the surging river waves keep pounding, and finally the mountain is broken into two mountains, east and west, and a "Tianmen"-the Yangtze River seems to be a life with great power, showing a rush. However, Dashan did not completely give up his efforts. You see, while it makes way for the river, it also clamps the river into a huge roundabout, which makes the eastward flowing river have to linger in its arms more and more-it's really a green hill, and the river is affectionate! However, a more touching picture is yet to come: a lonely boat slowly comes from the rising horizon of the sun, raising white sails and carrying a poet, and Tianmen Mountain is extending its welcome arms to it. ...
That year, I went home from Chongqing by boat to see the Three Gorges. At the end of the whole voyage, I finally saw Tianmen Mountain for the first time, which was originally less than a hundred miles away from my hometown. But to tell you the truth, I was disappointed after only one look, because the Tianmen Mountain in front of me is only a drop in the ocean compared with any mountain in the Three Gorges. There are also rivers in the mountains, which are really nothing compared with the rapids of the Three Gorges. However, I quickly comforted myself: this may all be because I just drove through the Three Gorges, and I answered the sentence "Amber used to be forever difficult to cross the sea"! I believe that Tianmen Mountain will never be so "mediocre" because it is moved by Li Bai's "fairy spirit".
Xuancheng (now Xuanzhou), Li Bai came here seven times; Jingting Mountain and Li Bai have lived here in Xuancheng for ten years. Living in the same place for such a long time is unique for Li Bai, who has been wandering all his life. Based on this, Jingting Mountain really belongs to Li Bai, what's more, he wrote such a famous poem for Jingting Mountain: Birds fly high/lonely clouds go alone/never tire of looking at each other/only Jingting Mountain.
Every time Li Bai threw himself into the arms of Jingting Mountain, he was frustrated. When he returned to Jingting Mountain, it was like returning to his hometown and home. Only there can his broken heart be comforted, and his life can be more practical and even a little leisurely.
When Li Bai first came to Xuancheng, he was 53 years old. It was the twelfth year of Tianbao (753). At this point, he has left Chang 'an for ten years. His ambition when he went out of Sichuan with his sword was already riddled with holes. It happened that his younger brother Li Zhao had been in Xuancheng for a long time, so he wrote to invite him to Xuancheng: "Xuanzhou has been a famous city since ancient times, a confidant in the world and a place in the south of the Yangtze River. There are not only the victories of mountains and rivers, but also the richness of land and sea ... Looking north, Jingting rises in the middle of Chuanyuan ... Noble scholars will stop and climb quickly. " It is because of this letter that a generation of poetic immortal Li Bai became attached to Xuancheng. According to historical records, as soon as Li Bai came to Xuancheng, he immediately climbed Jingting Mountain with his younger brother and Yin Yuwen, the governor of Xuancheng, and stayed here to build a house. From this, we infer that Li Bai is in Xuancheng at this time, with a place to live, food and drink, the help of the satrap and the long history, and the most basic living security. What's more, Xuanzhou has people who are good at poetry and are more hospitable, such as Wang Lun. Every three days, they will invite Li Bai to walk in the countryside, see the "ten-mile peach blossom" there and have a few drinks at Wanjia Restaurant. Such a day, for Li Bai, is much more moist than the wandering in the past ten years.
Of course, for a poet, it is obviously impossible to solve his material needs without meeting his spiritual needs, and Xuancheng provided Li Bai with rich spiritual food. Li Bai's favorite poet in his life is Xie Mao, who was once the magistrate of Xuancheng. Not only did he leave a Xie Maolou, but he also left a famous poem "Quiet Scenery and Tingshan". It is precisely because of "Xuancheng Xie Shoushi" that it became famous in Wuyue (Liu Yuxi's poem). At this point, in addition to eating, drinking and living, there is also a poem on the first floor. Isn't Bai living like a fairy? According to statistics, Li Bai wrote 82 poems during his stay in Xuancheng, of which 2 1 poem was written for Jingting Mountain alone, the most famous of which is, of course, Sitting Alone on Jingting Mountain.
It's really a lonely poem: you see, besides the poet sitting alone at the foot of Jingting Mountain, all the birds in the mountain have flown out, and even the clouds in the sky are lonely-one can imagine the loneliness of people!
It's another leisurely poem: Look at the distant floating clouds, although they float away alone, but they are so leisurely-in loneliness, anxiety, irritability and uneasiness are most likely to happen, and here is only leisure!
Why is the poet lonely? Because there is nothing to communicate-living birds and lifeless clouds have flown away; Why are poets at leisure? Because there is a Jingting Mountain that looks at the poet with its own beautiful eyes-Jingting Mountain at this time is not just a lifeless mountain, but obviously an understanding person!
There is such a Jingting Mountain. Isn't Bai going to spend the rest of his life with her? Can Jingting Mountain, the greatest poet in China, not become the "Poetry Mountain" in China? (Zhu)