Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a note novel written in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasties (420-58 1), which mainly narrates anecdotes in Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was written by a group of writers organized by Liu Yiqing (403-444), king of Linchuan, the imperial clan of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, with Liu Jun as a note.
The original book has eight volumes, and Liu Jun notes ten volumes. Today's biographies are all made into three volumes, which are divided into 36 branches, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder and magnanimity. There are more than 1,000 volumes in the book, which describe the anecdotes of celebrities and nobles from the late Han Dynasty to Liu Song Dynasty, mainly for the discussion stories of relevant figures, metaphysics and witty responses.
The original text of Yong Xue:
Xie An held a family reunion on a cold snowy day, explaining poetry with his son and nephew. It suddenly snowed. Gong Xinran said, "What is snow like?" Xie Lang, his elder brother, said, "The air is almost equal." . His eldest brother's daughter said, "Catkin can dance with the wind better than the wind." "."The Imperial Guard laughed. She is the daughter of Xie An, the daughter of Xie An, and the wife of the left-wing general Wang Ningzhi.
1. Note:
(1) Xie Taifu: Xie An (320~385), whose real name is Anshi, was born in Yang Xia, Chen Jun, Jin Dynasty (now Taikang, Henan Province). I worked in Xing Wu as a magistrate, assistant, official department minister and China Guard. Be posthumously awarded as a teacher.
(2) Catkin is not as good as wind (not as good as catkin) (because: rely on) ("because" has a special meaning here)
(3) Talking about the meaning of the topic (explaining poetry) (talking about explanation) (discussion)
(4) Suddenly it snowed, Gong said brightly (suddenly: soon, later) (suddenly; Soon) (happily; In a happy way)
(5) Talk about the meaning of paper with children (children: "sons and nephews" here, that is, the younger generation)
(6) Episode: Family gathering.
(7) Hull: Xie Lang. Xie Lang is the eldest son of Xie An's brother. Worked as a magistrate in Dongyang.
(8) The difference is quite: almost quite. Poor, roughly, almost. Quasi-comparison.
(9) Women without games: refers to Xie Daowen, a famous talented woman in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who is famous for her intelligence. No bureau, refers to Xie Yi, no bureau.
(10): Zi Shuping, the second son of Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, has served as Jiangzhou secretariat, Zuo general and Huiji literature and history.
2. Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
1: the ancient meaning of children: sons and nephews, referring to the younger generation in the family; The present meaning: refers to children.
2. Because of the ancient meaning: take advantage, take advantage of the present meaning: because
3. Literal meaning and ancient meaning: the present meaning of poetry: the meaning of the article.
3. Special sentence patterns in classical Chinese:
1. Ellipsis: (1) Xie Taifu (middle) cold and snowy days.
2. Inverted sentence: (1) What is snow like (prepositional object: what is snow like)
3. True or false: (1) That is, the eldest brother has no concubine, while the left general Wang Ningzhi has a wife.
Yong Xue's translation:
On a cold snowy day, Mrs. Xie gathered her family together to explain poetry to the younger generation. After a while, it snowed heavily. Mrs. Xie said happily, "What is this snow like?" His brother's eldest son said, "It's almost like sprinkling salt in the air." A teacher's brother's daughter said, "It's better than catkins flying in the wind." Xie Taifu smiled happily. It is the daughter of eldest brother Xie Yi and the wife of General Zuo.
Poetry appreciation:
Ode to Snow, selected from Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yan, concisely outlines the scene of Xie's children chanting poems about snow in a sudden snowy day, and shows a relaxed and harmonious picture of ancient family cultural life.
The article appreciates Xie Daowen's literary talent by describing his demeanor and supplementing his identity. "Mrs. Xie got together on a cold snowy day and told the children the meaning of the paper." The first sentence of the article explains the background of chanting snow. Just fifteen words, covering a lot. The Xie family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a well-known home of poetry, ceremony and tassels, and its leader is Xie Taifu, that is, Xie An. In such a family, if you can't go out on a snowy day, you can "talk about the meaning of paper." The convener and spokesman are naturally Xie An, and the audience is "children".
Time, place, people and events are all mentioned.
Then write the main event and sing the snow. In fact, it is the speaker who tests the audience. Why does the speaker have such an interest? It turns out that the weather has changed: "Suddenly it snows". There was snow earlier, but it was not big, and now it has become a vortex of goose feather and heavy snow. This made the speaker feel very happy, so "Gong Xinran said:' What is snow like?' Brother Hu said,' The difference between sprinkling salt and air can be simulated.' Brother and daughter said,' If catkins are not caused by the wind.' There may be many answers, but the author only recorded two: one is "sprinkling salt in the air" as Xie Lang said; The other is what Xie Daowen said: "Catkin is due to the wind". The speaker did not evaluate the pros and cons of these two answers, but just smiled, which was very intriguing. The author did not show his position, but at the end he added the identity of Xie Daowen, "that is, the eldest brother has no concubine, and the wife of General Zuo Wang Ningzhi is also. "This is a strong hint that he appreciates and praises Xie Daowen's talent. And wrote that Xie Daowen was a "talented person".
Central idea:
Yong Xue: Through the story of Yong Xue on a cold day, it writes the intelligence and wit of teenagers and expresses the author's love.
Brief introduction of Chen Taiqiu and his friendship;
From Chen Taiqiu and his friends, from Yu Jiaxi's Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the title was added by the editor (Liu Yiqing and a group of writers). Shi Shuo Xin Yu was written by a group of people organized by Liu Yiqing (403~444) in the Southern Dynasties. Shi Shuo Xin Yu was originally eight volumes, but now it is made into three volumes, which are divided into 36 branches, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder, magnanimity, appreciation and being a man. It mainly recorded the words and deeds of scholars in the Jin Dynasty, and more reflected the thoughts, life and atmosphere of speaking freely at that time. Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out: "The book Shi Shuo can almost be regarded as a textbook for celebrities."
Main contents:
This essay tells a story: Chen Taiqiu and a friend agreed to go out together at noon. Before friends arrived after noon, Chen Taiqiu left alone. After he left, his friend came At the moment, Chen Yuanfang, Chen Taiqiu's seven-year-old son, is playing at home. When my friend learned from Chen Yuanfang that Chen Taiqiu had left, he was very angry and said that Chen Taiqiu was not a gentleman. Chen Yuanfang opposed this friend of his father's, thinking that he was treacherous, abusive and rude. My friend felt ashamed after listening to it.
Common sense of literature:
Liu Yiqing (403-444), born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), was a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. Song Wudi's nephew, Emperor Wu of Song, the second son of King Liu Daochang, inherited his uncle Liu Daogui and Linchuan Wang, and made him a servant. When Emperor Wendi was in power, he was appointed as a regular servant and secretary supervisor, and moved to Danyang Yin to assist the national generals. Later, Shang Shu left the servant to shoot, and added the order of secretariat, making it the secretariat of Jingzhou, and then transferred it to the secretariat of Nanzhou, and added the third department of complex instrument. After returning to Beijing due to illness, 4 1 year-old died of illness in Kangwang. He loves literature, and "gathers literary talent far and near". Because he was familiar with the words and deeds of the Jin dynasty scholar-officials, and consulted the relevant expositions, and with the help of his talents, he finally compiled the first anecdote novel in the history of China literature-Shi Shuo Xin Yu.
The book is divided into 36 branches, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder and elegance, and records some remarks and anecdotes of the literati class from the end of Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Liu Liangjun (word Xiao Biao) in the Southern Dynasties annotated the book, quoted nearly 400 books and supplemented a lot of materials. The story is not long, but it is very vivid, often in a few words, and it can also let readers see the social atmosphere and the spiritual outlook of some characters at that time. The language of this book is concise and meaningful, which has a great influence on later note literature. In addition, there are strange novels such as Youming Road.
I'm from Pengcheng, Song Dynasty, and I live in Jingkou. In the Southern Dynasties, Song Wudi was the nephew of Emperor Wu of Song, the second son of Daoliu in King Liu, Changsha, and his uncle Linchuan King Liu Daogui had no children, that is, Liu Yiqing was his heir. Liu Yiqing, the nephew of Emperor Wu of Liu Song, is outstanding among emperors and highly valued.
(1) During the reign of Jing Nan (15-30 years old), Liu Yiqing 15 years old rose to the peak, during which he served as secretary supervisor, in charge of books and works throughout the country, and had the opportunity to contact and exhibit royal classics, which laid a good foundation for the compilation of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. 17 years old. Therefore, Liu Yiqing is also afraid of an accident. At the age of 29, he begged for a diversion and dismissed his servant.
(2) During the Jingzhou period (30-37 years old), Liu Yiqing served as the secretariat of Jingzhou and made great achievements. Jingzhou is an important town in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, where it has lived a stable life for eight years.
(3) During the Jiangnan period (37-42 years old), Liu Yiqing was the secretariat of Jiangzhou and Nanyanzhou. At the age of 38, he began to compile Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and had frequent contacts with literati and monks at that time. 4/kloc-0 died in Beijing at the age of. Liu Yiqing is a scholar and politician who is "pure in nature, lacking in lust and loving literary significance". Although he held an important position all his life, his achievements were lacking. Apart from his lack of enthusiasm, the most important reason is that he is unwilling to get involved in the power struggle between Liu and Song.
Classical Chinese:
Chen Taiqiu met his friend at noon. After noon, his friend didn't arrive. Chen Taiqiu didn't wait for him to leave. After Chen Taiqiu left, his friend arrived. Fiona Fang is seven years old and playing outside the door. Chen Taiqiu's friend asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father there?" ? "Hui Yuan replied," My father waited for you for a long time, and you left before you arrived. The friend was angry: "No humanity!" Walk with people, walk with people. "Fiona Fang said," if you and your family don't meet at noon, you will break your promise; It is impolite to scold your father. " Feeling ashamed, my friend got out of the car and tried to hold his hand. Yuan Fang also walked into the car door.
Translation:
Chen Taiqiu and his friends met at noon. His friends didn't come after noon. Chen Taiqiu left without waiting for him. After Chen Taiqiu left, his friend just arrived. His son Fiona Fang, who is only seven years old, is playing outside the door. Chen Taiqiu's friend asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father there?" Fiona Fang replied, "My father has been waiting for you for a long time, but you haven't arrived yet and have already left." The friend said angrily, "Chen Taiqiu is really not human! Meet others, but leave others first. " Fiona Fang said, "You have an appointment with my father at noon. If you don't arrive at noon, you will not keep your word. " It's even more impolite to scold dad for children. My friend was so ashamed that he got out of the car and tried to hold Fiona Fang's hand. Fiona Fang went straight into the house without looking back.
Explanation of words:
Fiona Fang: That's the eldest son of Fang. Chen Taiqiu: Chen Ya (shí) was born in Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was once the magistrate of Taiqiu County. Qiu, county name; A long time, sir. In ancient times, its officials were often named after land.
Date: Meet with peers. Date, agreement, today means date, route and itinerary.
Noon: The appointed time is noon. In Japan and China, at noon.
Midway: It's past noon.
To: to
Give up: leave without waiting. Give up and stay; Go, leave
I: (Friend) just arrived. Yes: only.
Play: play, game.
Is Zunjun there (fǒu): Is your father there? Respect for the monarch is a respect for other people's fathers. No, pass the word "no"
Jia Jun: My father, Qian Zi, called him Dad in ancient times.
Lead: Laura, this is a sign of friendship.
C: Look back.
Letter: Honest and trustworthy.
Year: this year (at that time).
No: no.
Stay with each other: leave others behind; Stage, adverb, indicating the behavior of one party to the other; Committee, leave, give up However, it means modification.
Jun: It was an honorific title in ancient times, but now it can be translated as "you".
Shame: feel ashamed.
Politeness: Politeness.
No: "no" means "no", modal particle, unintentional.
Has gone: has left.
Alas, auxiliary words and modal particles have no practical significance
say
Then: that's it.
Letter (but not letter): credit
Central idea:
Chen Taiqiu and the period of friendship: This article tells the story of "friends" breaking promises and breaking promises, which embodies a truth: only by keeping promises, keeping promises and knowing etiquette can people get respect from others.
Ancient and modern synonyms:
1. Go to the ancient meaning: stay in the present meaning: go when you arrive.
2. Entrust the ancient meaning: abandon the present meaning: grievance and entrustment.
3. Gu Guyi: Looking back on today's significance: care
4. Ancient meaning: about definition: date
5. Quote the ancient meaning: pull the present meaning: quote
Common words:
1. Zunjun reads fou (three tones) without "no" means no, which is equivalent to "is it?"
Flexible use of parts of speech;
1, friends are embarrassed to use it.
Chen Taiqiu and the Interpretation of the Theme of Friendship;
Chen Taiqiu, a native of Han Dynasty, was originally named Aichen Taiqiu County Order. In ancient times, there was a custom of attaching the place names of officials to surnames. "Term" means the agreement. The title sums up the origin of the story.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a note novel which mainly narrates anecdotes in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it was produced in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China (420-58 1). It was written by a group of writers organized by Liu Yiqing (403-444), king of Linchuan, the imperial clan of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, with Liu Jun as a note. The original book has eight volumes, and Liu Jun notes ten volumes. Today's biographies are all made into three volumes, which are divided into 36 branches, such as morality, speech, politics, literature, founder and magnanimity. There are more than 1,000 volumes in the book, which describe the anecdotes of celebrities and nobles from the end of Han Dynasty to Liu Song Dynasty, mainly for the discussion stories of relevant figures, metaphysics and witty response.
Appreciation of articles:
This article is selected from Chen Taiqiu's friends in Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu: impatience, treachery, rudeness, and knowing mistakes can change the original prescription: wisdom, understanding, courage, integrity, and clear love and hate. This is a very instructive story. Chen Taiqiu acted according to his appointment. When his friend stood him up, he gave up relentlessly. Fiona Fang, a seven-year-old child, also knows how to make friends and trust. Father and son embody the concept of honesty advocated by the ancients. Guan Zhong, a politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, said, "Honesty is the key to the world." Confucius also said, "I don't know how I can be an individual without loyalty." For example, if the cart doesn't have a plow with a bar (Lí) and the cart doesn't have a bar (zhe), how can I get there? "It is precisely because honesty is the foundation of a person's life and the key to the success or failure of a career that there are many beautiful talks about' not paying attention to 1000 yuan and keeping promises' in ancient times, and there are also many stories about fulfilling promises with life, but dismissing the conduct that does not speak of credibility. A friend like Chen Taiqiu reneged on his word, instead of reflecting on himself, he blamed others. He really deserved to be abandoned by his friends and despised by his children. The article shows Chen Yuanfang's cleverness, knowing how to be a man, being reasonable and being natural. Truth: warn people to be honest and upright, or they will lose friends and friendships.
1. Through Fiona Fang's words and deeds, we know that we should be a person who adheres to principles.
Let us know that we will correct our mistakes through the behavior of our friends. Some friends told us the importance of credit as a negative teaching material.
Through Chen Taiqiu's behavior, we know that we should be a man of our word.