Du, one of the eight pillar countries in the Western Wei Dynasty, is known as "the oldest man in the world"

The character's life is a lonely letter from Lang Jun in the north. He comes from the cloud (now Datong, Shanxi) and was originally named Dugu Ruyi. There were thirty-six tribes in the Tuoba family in the northern Wei Dynasty (forty-six tribes in the northern history). As a tribal adult, Fu Liutun, Du's ancestor, rose together with the Tuoba family. Du's grandfather, Ji Ni, went from the clouds to defend Wuchuan (now Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia) as the son of a good family during the Taiping period (460 D465) and settled here. Du's father, Kuzhe, is the leader of the people. He was brave and heroic since he was a child, and the people of Zhou Bei respected and admired him.

Du is handsome and good at riding and shooting. At the end of the year, with whom he killed Wei Kegu, he became famous. Due to the chaos in the northern border, Du fled to Zhongshan and became his subordinate. Du is young, likes to dress himself, and the color of his clothes is different from others. The army called him Du Gulang.

In the first year of Wutai (528), Er Zhurong defeated and appointed Du as general. After Hanlou conquered, Du challenged him to ride alone and caught the thief in Yuyang. He was appointed as an assistant rider. Soon after, he was appointed as the general of Xiaoqi, and then guarded the estuary. Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, and Er Zhurong appointed Du as a striker to fight against Yuan Hao's henchmen in the north of the Yellow River and defeat Yuan Hao's henchmen. General Annan was appointed as the Duke of Jude County.

Loyalty is the first year of Jianming. In his early years, Du became the general of Xinye Town in Jingzhou and concurrently served as the magistrate of Xinye County. Soon he was promoted to Jingzhou Fangcheng secretariat and concurrently served as Nanxiang county magistrate. Du Guxin managed two counties in succession, and both had outstanding achievements. He Ba-sheng left Beijing to defend Jingzhou, indicating that Dugu trusted the viceroy. Du followed He Basheng to attack Nanliangtun, conquered Nanliang and was promoted to general Wuwei. In the third year of Yongxi (534), He Ba-sheng's younger brother He Ba-yue was killed by Hou Yue. He Basheng ordered Du Guxin to enter Tongguan to appease the soldiers left by He Bayue. As it happens, Yu Wentai led He Bayue's army. Du He is a fellow villager. When they were young, they were friendly to each other and happy after meeting. Yu Wentai took the opportunity to ask Duguxin of Luoyang for instructions and arrived in Yongzhou. Ambassador Yuan Pi sent Du Guxin back to Jingzhou. Soon, the court called Du into the court, and Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty trusted him very much.

When Emperor Xiaowu moved westward, something happened suddenly, and Du caught up with him alone in Lu Jian. Emperor Xiaowu praised: "General Wuwei was able to bid farewell to his parents, wife and children and came from afar to follow me. Loyalty can be seen in troubled times, which is deceptive. " Du Guxin immediately gave a royal horse and was promoted to Fuyang County, a food city of 1,000 households.

Although Jingzhou was occupied by the Eastern Wei Dynasty at that time, in the hearts of local people, many of them were still attached to this dynasty. The court appointed Du Wei as General Wei and Commander-in-Chief of the Three Armies in Jingzhou, and concurrently served as the right servant of Shangshu, the envoy of the Southeast Road, the viceroy and the secretariat of Jingzhou to appease the people of Jingzhou. When Du arrived, Tian Baneng, the satrap of hongnong county in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, led Dongyi to resist Du in Xiyang. Commander-in-Chief Zhang Qimin was sent to lead 3000 infantry and cavalry to bypass the back road of Duguxin. Du Dujiang said, "At present, our army is less than 1,000 men, and it is under attack between Scylla and Charybdis. If we turn around and attack Zhang Qimin, the enemy will think that we are trying to escape and will inevitably intercept. It is better to defeat Tian Baneng first. " So he fought hard and defeated Tian Baneng, followed by Zhang Jimin.

Du Chengsheng attacked Jingzhou. The Eastern Wei Dynasty's secretariat Shi Xin led troops to meet him. Scholars and people in Jingzhou were grateful for Du's kindness, and Du made clear his interests when he got cold feet. Jingzhou defenders are divided. Du Guxin took the opportunity to send troops to attack, and Xin Zuan was defeated. He ran to the city and entered the gate. Before he could close the city gate, Duguxin's governor Yang Zhong and others caught up with him and killed him. Mitsui then calmed down. On the spot, he was appointed as the general of chariots and the third division of ceremonies. The Eastern Wei suddenly sent Gao Aocao, Hou Jing and other generals. Duguxin thought he was outnumbered and led his troops to Nanliang. After living in Nanliang for three years, Liang Wudi allowed him to return to the north. Du's parents live at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. Ask Du where he is going. Du replied, "Serving the monarch is never half-hearted." Liang Wudi thought he was faithful and gave him many gifts.

In the autumn of 537, the third year of Emperor Wen's pardon, Du arrived in Chang 'an. He thought his behavior was detrimental to the prestige of the country, so he wrote a letter asking for punishment. Discussion on Yuanbaoju in West Wei Wendi and Shangshu. Seven soldiers ministers, Chen Yuanxuan and others discussed "one side to supervise the army and reward and punish the heaven at any time;" The army was wiped out, and the defeat was like a mountain, and the national law would not let go. Jingzhou secretariat dugu got his wish, took on the heavy responsibility, attacked Xiang and Wan far away, chopped and killed the enemy's whip, and declared his head to Beijing. His achievements should be rewarded. Unfortunately, his achievements failed to finish well, and he soon fell into other countries, which violated the expectations of the imperial court. But he's a thousand miles away, and he has no backup, so it's hard to protect himself. The emperor's favor has declined and should not be brought to justice again. Once upon a time, Qin forgave Meng Ming, while Han forgave Li Guangli. Later, they all made meritorious deeds and went down in history. Compared with the ancients, modern people have rules to follow. I have consulted, and I ask your Majesty to forgive DUZH's crime and restore him to his original post. " West wrote: "Dugu believed in the battle between Jing and Xiang, and it was indeed a great achievement. In the face of a strong enemy, there is nothing wrong with being unwilling to surrender the thief and taking expedient measures. It is admirable to take refuge in Jiangnan and step into danger and always show kindness. Moreover, if we make moderate concessions and sincerely apologize, if we just discuss the pardon of crimes, it will be inappropriate and inflexible. It can be transferred to the rank of ancient general, the rank of middle assistant, and the official position, so that the official titles of the three divisions of Enchantment, Yitong and Fuyang County remain unchanged. "

Ren Lingjun Mitsui was soon appeased. Follow Yu Wentai to recover Hongnong and conquer Shayuan. Renamed the Duke of Hanoi, the number of food cities increased by 2,000. At that time, relatives of prisoners only knew that their father had passed away, so they announced it to the public and mourned for it. He was immediately appointed viceroy and led the army and Feng Yuanjihai into Luoyang. Britain, Henan, Hunan, Guangzhou, and other places have been sincerely attached. In the fourth year of Datong (538), Hou Jing, a general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, led an army to besiege Luoyang. Duguxin holed up in Jinyong City and resisted the enemy's attack direction for more than ten days, until Yu Wentai reached the east bank of Hubei River and Hou Jing and other talents retreated. Du,, tang gaozu for the right army, defeated. Luoyang was captured by the Eastern Wei Dynasty. In the sixth year of unification (540), Hou Jing invaded Jingzhou and ordered Du Fu and Li Bi to send troops from Wuguan. After Hou Jing's withdrawal, Du was appointed as the envoy to appease Sanjing.

Soon, he was given the name of counter-insurgency, and he was appointed as the governor of ten states in Longyou and the secretariat of Qin Zhou. At first, local officials were fatuous and cowardly, the decrees were absurd, and the people had grievances to complain about, which could not be cured for many years. After Du arrived, there was no backlog of business. He civilized the people with ethics and advised them to plow fields and raise silkworms. After a few years, both public and private families became rich, and thousands of displaced people volunteered to join them. Because his honesty is well known, I named it "Xin".

In the seventh year of the Great Unification (54 1), the Taishou and Chishui Fan Wang rose up and ordered Du to go to war. Soon, Ding Liang was killed by his men, and children in Ding Liang collected the rest of his ministries. Du led his troops to ten thousand years and was stationed at the junction of three places. Thieves and soldiers defended desperately, and Du took the opportunity to drive straight from the secret passage into the dense Songling. The thieves didn't expect Du Guxin's army to come from here. Seeing that the momentum was wrong, they fled. Duguxin pursued the victory and reached the city gate, and the thieves and soldiers surrendered out of the city. Awarded to the prince taibao. In Mangshan War, the army was defeated. Du He collected skirmishers and attacked from behind, disrupting the cavalry pursued by Gao Huan in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, so all the military forces were preserved.

In the 12th year of Datong (546), Yu Wenzhong, the secretariat of Liangzhou, refused to leave his post. So he ordered Du to lead Kaifu Yifeng to conquer. Yu Wenzhong and the city are sticking to it. In the evening, Du ordered the general to attack the northeast corner with a ladder. He personally led a strong man to attack the southwest corner. At dawn, we captured the city, captured Yu Wenzhong alive, and captured 6,000 people, all of whom were taken to Chang 'an. Grant is a gift. In the 13th year of Datong (547), the army marched eastward. At that time, due to the enemy of Rouran, Du Guxin moved to Heyang.

Forced to commit suicide for fourteen years (548), he was promoted to the rank of general, and made outstanding achievements in conquering. Therefore, the second son, Dugu Mountain, sealed Weining County, the third son, Dugu Wood, sealed Yining County Hou, and the fourth son, alone, sealed Yining County Hou, each with 1,000 food cities; The fifth son Du Jiashun named Xiangcheng County Bo, and the sixth son Du Tuo named Zhongyi County Bo, with 500 households in the food city. Du has been in the west of Longshan for many years and asked to return to North Korea, but he refused. Someone from the Eastern Wei Dynasty came to tell him the news of his mother's death. Duguxin was announced to the public and mourned. At that time, Prince Qin Yuan and Yu Wentai of the Western Wei Dynasty toured the northern border and visited Duguxin in Heyang. Du stated his grief and asked to serve his mother for three years, but he was not allowed. Kuku, the father of Duguxin, was mourned by Sikong Gong, and Fei Lian, the mother of Duguxin, was mourned by Changshan County King. In the 16th year of the Great Unification (550), the Western Wei army marched eastward, and Du led tens of thousands of people back to Guanban west of Longshan. Be promoted to minister. After the establishment of the six officials, he served as Fu.

In the third year of the Western Wei Dynasty (556), Tuoba GUI was forced to meditate at his son Yu Wenjue. Yu Wenxuan acceded to the throne, established the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was filial to Emperor Min, promoted Duguxin to Taibao, made a big uncle, sealed Wei Guogong, and ate 10,000 yuan. After Zhao Gui was executed, Du was dismissed for conspiracy. Not long after living at home, Gong Jin Yuwenhu tried to kill him again. Because DuGuXin has always been very famous, Yuwen Hu didn't intend to expose his guilt, so he forced him to commit suicide at home. Du Guxin is 55 years old.

The gentry valued Duguxin's generosity, profundity and elegance, and had some ingenious ideas. When Yu Wentai started his hegemony, it was only based on the relevant land. Due to the superior terrain and convenient transportation to the west of Longshan, Du was ordered to guard the town, which was remembered by the people and shocked neighboring countries. When Hou Jing, the general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, defected to Nanliang, Wei Shou once wrote an article denouncing Nanliang, falsely claiming that Dugu believed in Longyou and refused to listen, claiming that the Eastern Wei Dynasty had nothing to do with the worries of the West, thus threatening Nanliang. When Du was here, his hat was a little crooked because he was hunting and riding into town. The next day, some officials and people put on their hats, and they all learned to wear them askew. In this way, he was valued by his neighbors, scholars and people.

Historical evaluation Xiu Yuan said, "It is not empty to say that the world is chaotic and virtuous."

Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty: "The scenery is lofty and spacious, which is unique to strangers. It is wise and philosophical, and it reflects the world. Macro strategy is based on harmony; Wei Yiren is deeper than saving the economy. Fangdang Feng Xuan Gallery Temple, with bright steps, dangerous world and lofty merits. When I talk about it, I am in my heart. "

Ling Hude fined the child a ton of fine grass. "Xinwei Dugu Shennanfu, Huaqia Xizhou. Believe in distant countries and shine on neighboring countries. ................................................................................................................................................................................. is wise, salty and fierce, poor! Although this letter was inevitable, it was later celebrated. Three generations of foreign relatives, how prosperous. " ; 2 "Believe in beauty and be good at riding and shooting." ; 3 "The letter is a teenager, and it is decorated without authorization, and the service chapter is different from the public. The bugle number is Du Gulang. " ; 4 "The letter is elegant and has unique ideas."

Family member, parents, father: a lonely person

Mother: Fei Lian's.

Wives and concubines have surnames and only children.

Guo Sheng Dugu Mountain, Dugu Wood, Dugu Zang, Dugu Shun, Dugu Tuo and Dugu Zheng.

Cui Shi, Queen of Literature, Dugu Galo.

Children and sons

The eldest son, Dugu Luo, is the official to Liangzhou, the general Zuo Wuwei and Shu Gong.

The second son, Dugushan, was a general in ancient times, and Longzhou was a general in Hanoi.

The third son, Du, is the Duke of Jinquan County.

The fourth son lives alone, Fengwuping County.

The fifth son, Du Gushun, was named Hou of Wucheng.

Six sons Dugu Tuo, the official to the state secretariat, named Wuxi County.

The seven sons were lonely and complete, and the officials went to Youzhou to secretariat and seal the township Hou.

daughter

Du's eldest daughter is the queen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty; The fourth woman is Tang Chaoyuan Zhen queen; The seventh woman was the literary queen of the Sui Dynasty. In the Zhou and Sui Dynasties, they all joined the royal family and had three generations of consorts, which was unprecedented since ancient times.

The eldest daughter, Dugu, was the queen of posthumous title after Emperor Yuwen Yu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Four daughters, Dugu, the mother of Tang Gaozu, Tang Gaozu, pursue the title of Queen Yuan Zhen.

Seven girls, Dugu Jialuo, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Emperor of Sui Dynasty, and Queen of posthumous title.

Multi-faceted coal seal of newly unearthed cultural relics in Dugu

Duguxin polyhedral coal seal is a cultural relic of the Western Wei Dynasty, which was unearthed in Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province 198 1. Dugu Yinxin is a clean coal seal collected by Shaanxi History Museum.

The seal of Dugu new polyhedral coal concentrate is 4.5 cm high and 4.35 cm wide. The sphere has 8 edges and 26 faces, including 65,438 square faces and 8 triangular faces. There are 14 square seals, namely "Official Letter on Sparse", "Official Letter on Seal", "Official Letter on Form", "Official Seal", "Official Seal", "Secretariat Seal", "Official Letter on White Book" and "Official Letter on White Note". The seal is regular script, the calligraphy is tall and straight, and I have a strong interest in Shu Wei. According to the content of the seal and the textual research of historical books, this seal is the seal of Du Fu in the Western Wei Dynasty. Fourteen seals have different contents and uses, and are valuable physical materials for studying the seal system of the Northern Dynasties.