Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. People call it awe, which is overwhelming.
The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court. When you are poor, you can see it, one by one. In the history of Qi Taishi Jane, in the east of Shanxi Hu Bi.
Chasing in Zhang Liang, Qin, and on Emperor Wudi's Day. As the head of General Yan, he is endowed with the blood of Ji. Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan.
Or for Liaodong's hat and Qing dynasty. Li bingxue Or for a model, a crying hero. Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken. It takes qi as its power, and it lasts forever. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are at peace.
The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it. Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective.
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. Tripods are as sweet as cups and are hard to get. There is a jack-o'-lantern in the darkroom, and the spring courtyard is closed and dark.
Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix. Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas. If it is so hot and cold, it is easy to get rid of it.
Hey, I'm on the battlefield and I'm happy for my country. Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief. I care about this. Look up at the clouds.
My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high. The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over. Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
Detailed comments
Heaven and earth are righteous.
Interpretation: Heaven and earth are also called the universe.
Is a word, from one to another, the only meaning is also. In a unique sense, it has evolved into: head, subject, middle, standard, square, original, true, certain, constant, constant, statutes, bright and righteous.
For those who are positive:
If you say "inferior", "inferior" and "less", then you have the right meaning of leadership.
Saying "vice", "subordinate", "left" and "direction" also means the subject.
To say "side", "side", "oblique" and "side" also means the center.
Saying no, lack and opposition is also right for selfish departmentalism.
If you say "abnormal" or "zero", the other person's whole meaning is the same.
It's true to say that it's false.
To say "change" and "difference" means "determination"
When it comes to strangeness and time, so does the meaning of law.
Saying "continuation", "redundancy", "farewell" and "attachment" is also correct in the original meaning.
Saying "special" and "extraordinary" also means statutes.
If you say evil, you will also say that light is great.
There are many ways to view the right, and they are unique, extending all the meanings, which can be seen.
Righteousness is the only aboveboard spirit, and it is easy to repel evil people. If the universe does not have this qi, it will be cloudy and not born. Without this spirit in the world, evil will run rampant and ghosts will be exhausted. So this sentence is the main reference of the whole song.
Random manifold
Interpretation: the miscellaneous person has many kinds of things, saying that righteousness lies in the vastness of the universe, and the endowed person is born with things to grasp. Vagrancy, category meaning, faction meaning, extension meaning. Therefore, learning refers to the flow, saying that it is the spread of the system. Over the years, it is called the fleeting time, saying that the old species is also a step forward. Manifold refers to all kinds of things, each of which is connected in series. Those endowed with manifolds mean that everything is born in the universe and widely distributed in the world. The above two sentences are the first paragraph, which is the total risk of the whole song.
The next step is to cross the river
Interpretation: Those who admire mountains and rivers always talk about mountains and rivers. The mountains and rivers are latitude and longitude, and the sky is high in the king of world, so it is also said. There are the most mountains and rivers, and the meanings on the ground are also various. If the port is broken and the desert is in a muddy land, it is not a righteous flow on the ground.
Above is the sun star.
Interpretation: The sun, the moon and the stars always talk about celestial bodies and mountains and rivers, so they are also on it. There are the most series of celestial bodies, and the meaning of Daewoo is multifaceted. If the coma is a star, it is not Daewoo's righteous flow.
The above two sentences are the second paragraph, expressing the meaning of nature.
People call it awe, which is overwhelming.
Interpretation: this statement is also the meaning of the world. Mencius said: "I am good at cultivating my noble spirit ... it is qi, and it is extremely strong." If it is straight and harmless, it will be stuck between heaven and earth. It is also for qi and righteousness, and there is no fear. Also born from the harvest of righteousness, but also from the attack of righteousness; If you don't care, you will be embarrassed. " This theory describes the meaning most clearly and in detail, and the Song of the Righteousness of the Country is based on it. Therefore, in the period of human righteousness, Mencius' "integrity" is the first goal, which covers human rationality. Therefore, it is different from other creatures, but it is distinguishing right from wrong, and it does not shift from interests to work and rest. Where justice lies, human beings will be able to maintain public order for a long time; If there is no way, there will be danger. We can't end up in Korea, so good and evil are ahead of us. Sages have works that teach people to understand this truth and choose their goodness and stubbornness; The so-called Tao, the more you understand this truth, the more you know that you are stubborn in goodness, and the more you know that this goodness is inseparable for a moment. So, when you expect something, when you are in turmoil, you will miss what you are and you will not keep it. If it is not determined by external things and not changed by the interests of life and death, then morality is salty. This is one thing, not two things. If a person can hold this idea for a long time, he will accumulate righteousness in his mind, be a disciple of Tao, and develop a strong spirit. When he looks up, he is worthy of the sky, and when he looks down, he will not worry about others. As the saying goes, "create heaven and earth without contradiction, determine the quality of ghosts and gods, and treat them as saints without confusion." In this way, its ambition and its spirit will directly fill the world; It is said that it is aboveboard and handsome, so it is called "integrity". The key to cultivate this kind of pride is to "know what you know". Worry is shameless, enrich its comfort. When ordinary people move, they will be upright and fearless. If it is accumulated, it has its own integrity. If it is not in the heart, righteousness and Tao have no reason to match; If righteousness does not stand, why is it straight and harmless? Therefore, we must be clear about righteousness and reason, follow the path, know everything well, take hair as righteousness and leave as righteousness. It all comes from Mencius, that is, it all means between heaven and earth, and Wenshan meets the sea. This song is called explaining Mencius' theory. These two sentences show the program of human justice; To this end, the main idea of the latter paragraph.
The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court.
Interpretation: the word Huang has the original meaning of dignity, greatness, beauty and supremacy. For example, the ancestor of the emperor means ancestor; Speaking of the emperor means high above; Thinking of the emperor and many literati is the meaning of beauty; Not only the emperor but also the emperor. Imperial Taoism, or Tao, is called the beauty of the world, and the monarch is in the world. People and ministers praise the monarch's rule, which is also a firm statement of Imperial Taoism. The barbarians who are peaceful and clear also say that they are clear, and the road to the emperor should be clear. It is called the Sheng Xing period when the world was clear and peaceful. The sages were in office, upright and upright, standing in the imperial court, but peaceful and harmonious, so they said: contain, spit out the Ming court. The words of harmony, from the light court spit, in order to touch with Wanfang. These two sentences say that benevolence and righteousness are in prosperity, things are done, and harmony is precious, thus achieving peace.
You can tell when you are poor.
Interpretation: When you are poor, it means the decline and chaos of the world. When you get older, the country will be in crisis. When you were young, thieves were fighting with each other. If you can't express your righteousness, then the saint will stick to his way, experience his troubles, forget his wealth and only know where righteousness is. If you don't take away his ambition, it's called Jie. Scholars are born with wealth, and when they are rich, they can't see them; Poverty is a matter of life and death, and judgment is obtained. Therefore, loyal ministers and benevolent people will come from the decline; Those who can bring chaos back to heaven are firmly attached to the universe with merits; That is, unfortunately, if the work can't be made, it will always be imitated by the people, but it will go down in history and be passed down forever. Dan Qing, the name of a literary and historical figure, and the strategy of cloth clothing also affect the world. The word "righteousness" in these two sentences is lonely and loyal in a declining and chaotic world, and it will always be the law of the world. Here are 12 examples:
In Qitai Shijian.
Interpretation: The first example in this section is also. In the twenty-fifth year of Duke Xiang of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, in 548 BC, Cui Qiyao killed Guang Jun. The history book says: "Cui Yao killed his monarch"; His brother wrote a book and Cui Yao killed it; Secondly, my brother wrote a book and Cui Xun killed it; Brother Tai killed three people with Cui Yao's book, and the second brother is still writing this book. Cui Yao knew that the end of justice was indelible, but he stopped killing. Unlike those who live in southern Xinjiang and call it the history of the South, when they heard that the Taishi was killed by Cui Yao, they were afraid that justice would not be done. But insist on simplicity (making up a page of ancient history, cutting bamboo for it, the big one is called strategy, the small one is called simplicity, or vagueness). If you keep talking, Cui Yao won't kill it, and it won't kill it. The Taishi brothers fought for justice with their lives and set a good example for all historians, while Heather, who was in danger and wanted to die with him, also set a good example for unofficial history.
In the Tiger Wall of Jindong.
Interpretation: This second situation is also true. In the second year of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, in 607 BC, Duke Ling of Jin wanted to kill him and rushed with his shield. His son Zhao wore it to attack Linggong in Taoyuan, but did not leave the country, so he did not ask Zhao to kill him. Taishi Gong Dong Huyan said, "Zhao Dun killed his king" to show the DPRK, and Zhao Dun said, "It's not me." Confucius said, "Donghu has a good history, but calligraphy is not hidden!" Dong Hu's outspoken, aggressive, and Qi Taishi; Only Zhao Dun can take the blame, unlike Cui Xun's thief and Yi Er.
Zhang Liang chased Qin.
Interpretation: This third situation is also true. Qin Shihuang destroyed Korea in the seventeenth year and the six countries in the last nine years, so it was also the world. Three years later, Sean, the minister of the Han Dynasty, and a strong man stabbed the emperor to death with an iron vertebra, but he accidentally got on the bus. Both the strong and the strong fled, and the first emperor was furious and could not stay for ten days. Another eight years, another year, another year, heroes rallied and re-established the six countries, another three years, while Xiang Yu destroyed Qin and killed Hanwang City. Liang Nai helped destroy Xiang Yu, became the founding minister of Han, sealed it, and then avenged Han. It is a legendary story that he was assassinated by a weak scholar, so he wrote it specially.
On Hanseatic Day.
Interpretation: This fourth situation is also true. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Su Wu to Xiongnu. Xiongnu wanted to surrender, humiliate it and suffer from it, but it was impossible. This is to protect the North Sea, which is now Lake Baikal. The Wu Messenger's Day, which lasted for nineteen years, was gone until Emperor Zhao returned. At the beginning, Wei Lu and Li Ling surrendered to the Huns with their ministers, and the Huns' emissary advised the martial arts to surrender, but the martial arts were unmoved. Ling sighed, "wow! The crime of' righteousness' mausoleum and protecting the law is connected with heaven. " This incident is a typical envoy's indiscretion, so I wrote it out.
As the head of General Yan.
Interpretation: This fifth situation is also true. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Liu Beibing entered Shu, trying to take the position of Liu Zhang. Zhang Yan said, "There are beheaded generals in Shu, but no generals have surrendered." However, strict death is a surrender; His actions and words don't correspond, but this statement is acceptable.
Serve the blood.
Interpretation: There are six situations in this section. When Hui Di was in the Jin Dynasty, all eight kings claimed that soldiers were fighting to attack. Soldiers from Chengdu invaded and took advantage of Yu. They killed their servants in front of the emperor, and their clothes were spattered with blood. The emperor said, "This servant has suffered from blood, so don't be ashamed." This is an example of protecting the Lord from danger and dying, so I wrote it.
For Zhang Suiyang's teeth.
Interpretation: This seventh case is also. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan and Shi Siming rebelled against Hebei successively, arrogating to themselves the title of Emperor Yan, and were trapped in two capitals, and there were many Tang rooms. At that time, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi were generals who collected Beijing honors, but they failed to do so. Zhang Xun and Yan Gaoqing are the most outstanding figures who died in China. This example is Zhang Xun, and the next example is Yan Gaoqing, both of whom were disobedient in the Anshi Rebellion.
Zhang Xun, * * * keep Suiyang, southeast, don't let the thief disturb jianghuai. An Shi Rebellion, there were no lambs in Huainan, and the governor also succeeded. His affairs are recorded in detail in the Book of the Tang Dynasty and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, and there are many temples dedicated to them. Loyalty and heroism can be found in chanting. For thousands of years, women and children have known it.
I often talk to save face.
Interpretation: This eighth case is also. The Anshi Rebellion rebelled against Yanji, and cities in Hebei were tottering. Yan Gaoqing, the satrap of Changshan, and Zhenqing, the satrap of Pingyuan, set out to beg thieves. Gao Qing was recommended by Lushan Mountain at the beginning, so the meaning was extended to discuss. When defeated, the thief cut his tongue and died of cursing. This is an example of loyalty to the country and disregard for the individual, so he wrote it. Zhenqing was also killed by Li Xilie, the tyrant of Chu Emperor, at the age of eighty. Brother Yong, compiled by K ū n @ ① Yao Shi.
Or ice and snow for Liaodong hat and Daqing ..
Interpretation: This ninth case is also. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos in China, and Ning Guan took refuge in Liaodong and Daqing. Encourage him to make everyone change clothes. His clothes are effective to the world, and he is as red as a towel, which is more important than time. It's better to be friends with Hua Xin less, but later he was eager to gain benefits, so he cut his seat and divided it. It was Hua Xin who helped Cao Cao to usurp the Han Dynasty and was always virtuous. He is called a perfect man through the ages. This example of chastity is not polluted by the world, and the vitality of the country is also strong, so it is close-up. For details about Ning Guan, please refer to the reflection of Shu Wei (volume 1 1).
See Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu, virtue comes first. Guo Tai see "were" volume 98.
Or for a model, a crying hero.
Interpretation: This is the tenth case. The Han Dynasty was out of control. Cao Cao was based in the Central Plains, relying on Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and his son Pi usurped Han into Wei. Sun Ce was based in Jiangdong, and his younger brother succeeded to the throne, thus establishing the State of Wu. Liu Bei's borrowing from the Han imperial clan to preserve Shu's interests is also a surplus of the Han imperial clan. Zhuge Liang knew from birth that peace was not good for the Han Dynasty, so he was too arrogant to be an official, and his brother Jin was in charge, while Liang was not famous. And Liu Bei bowed for wisdom, looked around and went out, knowing that it was Han Zhou, which was harmless to morality. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's source is correct and will be told through the ages. Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and prepared to ascend the throne. In order to continue the Han Dynasty, he became Emperor Zhaolie. Zhaolie will collapse, entrust the heir to Zen in Guangzong, and Guangzong will help with all his heart, first leveling the barbarians, so that Shu has no internal worries; And win Wu in the east, so that Shu has a country; Then he attacked Wei on a large scale, claiming to be a "beggar". The twelfth paragraph of his Table is full of loyalty and righteousness, which makes readers want to regard him as a man who has lived for thousands of years and really ask the country for advice.
Later, he set an example and his words were passionate, unlike the elegance and intimacy of the previous table. Critics may doubt that future generations depend on the lack of light. However, this article begins with the following sentence: "My ancestors were worried about the split between Han thieves and Wang Ye was not partial, so they sent ministers to invite thieves." At the end of the sentence, I wrote: "I tried my best to die. As for the failure, I was outspoken, not because my ministers were ignorant." Simple and clear, say that righteousness does not coexist with bandits and thieves, recover the past, do not be harsh, speak out when you lose, ignore everything, but go all out. A few words stand out from the crowd, and the festival is brilliant. Is the most eternal model. After studying for a thousand years, I always feel that it is a pity to protect the people and rejuvenate the country. So Wenshan praised it as a "ghost crying hero", which means its loyalty and sense of personality. This is written specifically to overcome danger, seek recovery, boost morale and correct people's thinking.
Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Interpretation: These eleven situations are also true. In the Jin Dynasty, after Jia, there was a rebellion of eight kings, and to the north of Huai and Han, it became a battlefield for the separatist forces such as Xiongnu, Anta, Xianbei, Qiang and so on. Historians call it "Wuhu Rebellion". The Jin and Yuan emperors deviated to the left of the Yangtze River, but could not restore the Central Plains. At that time, people with lofty ideals worked hard: here, Liu Kun was rugged and scorching, and finally died heroically; In the south, there is a rule that Zu Ti entered the Heluo River. He started to wade across the river in vain and hit it in the middle. He vowed: "You can't clear the Central Plains in Zu Ti, and those who help others are like great rivers!" Although it is impossible, the spirit of enthusiasm and generosity will last forever, which is enough to strengthen the power of China and repel the fierce flame of thieves. This is also an obvious example of boosting morale and correcting people's hearts, so write it out.
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken.
Interpretation: This twelfth case is also. Since the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Li Xilie and Zhu ǐ @ (2) have been called buffer regions. Zhu c ǐ @ ② will proclaim himself emperor, invite Duan to consider it and dismiss him from office. C ǐ @ ② means that he will regret and disobey the court. Shi Xiu, faithful, hit C ǐ @ ② and C ǐ @ ②, hurting Shi Xiu. This is an example that justice is the only way to know, but the country loves itself, not an example of bad intentions, so write it. In this way, the wind of loyalty and righteousness is manifested, and struggle in the world can sweep away the ugly traces of traitors.
The above 16 sentence is the first 12 thing to tell future generations. These twelve things: one in the Spring and Autumn Period, one in the Qin and Han Dynasties, one in the Eastern Han Dynasty, one in the Three Kingdoms, one in the Western Jin Dynasty and three in the Tang Dynasty. Five people became benevolent, two people had no ambitions, and three people finally realized their ambitions. They have been publicized by the Qing Dynasty. In Zhuang language for thousands of years, and Zhuo Lite made a wonderful work, which is a little too much. Wenshan always takes Confucius and Mencius' "benevolence" and "righteousness" as its heart. Reading his songs, we can not only see the beauty of Wenshan's liver and gallbladder fragrance, but also list the ancient sages, saints and loyal ministers, which is expected. This song of benevolence and righteousness is China's work of benevolence and righteousness.
It is thin next to gas, and it exists forever.
Interpretation: people with thin sides are broad, full and turbulent. Zhuangzi said: "People are good and virtuous, and everything around them is regarded as one." . It is said that people and everything are prosperous and everything is harmonious. This word is used with Kunlun. Yangzi's Taixuan said: Western words "thin beside Kunlun" are adjectives with double rhymes, but Kunlun is described as vigorous and strong, and thin beside it means bumps, which is also one of Mirren's vastness. Fine or strong, the performance of Kunlun is mixed, and Kunlun is also. Cold is also a disyllabic word, which means serious and powerful. "It's a thin side that lasts forever." It is said that this meaning lies between heaven and earth, and its swing is directly related to the sun, the moon and the Guang Qi. Heaven and earth are longer than life, and their solemnity lasts forever. All the predecessors have a clear-cut stand. Although all of them are dead, their models are drooping, which always shows our openness. From ancient times to the present, and even later generations, it has never died out.
When it passed through the sun and the moon, it died safely.
Interpretation: This is derived from the above sentence. The righteousness is thin, close to the universe, so it can penetrate the sun and the moon. Penetration, the so-called @ ③, is a bullfight in Yizhong, so it has the potential to penetrate the sun and the moon. We adhere to this meaning and become disciples of Daewoo Changzhou. Laozi said, "Death without longevity", death without immortality. Although he lived for thousands of years, he finally died. To see the infinity of the universe, the moment is not enough to describe it. Nothing is straight, but those who die but don't die are the ears of life. First, stand out, show the sky and the earth, thin and eternal, and win glory with the sun and the moon, then life and death are just enough. That is to say, as far as Wenshan is concerned, before the age of 50, that is, an upright person takes justice, and as far as life and death are concerned, there is a dead sigh. But the noble spirit is as old as new, and Peng Zu will live forever. Shi Xiang couldn't uphold justice at that time. He didn't die. He just lived for decades, rotting with vegetation. If it is awesome, it is infinite with the universe. When Huang Ming Shi Qi was killed in the Qing Dynasty, his followers were heartbroken. The gentleman said, "if you endure for a while, you will live forever." Why are you crying? " This is the same as the symbol of Wenshan and other ancestors. Everyone knows that they choose to die rather than live, and they don't care about life and death.
These two sentences are about righteousness, immortality, just birth and death, which is not enough. Mr. Huang Shiqi gave a detailed account of Volume 255 of Ming History, Huang Daozhou and Ming Confucianism Case.
The earth depends on it.
Explanation: The orientation of the earth is called dimension. The land dimension refers to the place where ten thousand people live. Gu Yan: "The earth has four dimensions" refers to the four quadrants of northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. Gen, Gan, Xun and Kun are the four quadrants. Quadrants are divided into two oblique axes, the moment intersects with the longitude and latitude of the center, and the regional orientation is eight. That is, the four corners at both ends of the oblique shaft and the four positive ends of the positive shaft are also eight directions. Wanfang has a road, steaming people and Xi 'an, laid by Di Wei, without disaster. Let the emperor invade the country, the country is in danger, and all beings are in danger. Although they have a direction, they can't live in peace. Although there are roads, they can't benefit. Although there are dimensions, it is the same as no latitude and longitude. People with lofty ideals are benevolent. When the country is overthrown, it shows loyalty, curbs abuses and spreads righteousness, and it will definitely set things right and counter righteousness. Then steam the people, restore the land, restore the land. So, it depends.
Tianzhu depends on it.
Interpretation: the sky is high, and the ancestors did not report their thoughts, so they drafted it with Tianzhu. In modern times, the universe longitude and latitude, Liuhe, Chongxuan and other disciplines have been measured, so Tianzhu's words have been scientific. Everything is born in groups, which is stupid, but human beings are the first ordinary and infinite; So he is the spirit of all things, and can reveal the mysteries of heaven and earth and explain the mysteries of the universe. Ancestors say that human beings are the heart of heaven and earth, and that human beings have spiritual consciousness in the universe as soon as they are born. Therefore, if human beings lose their way, the vast universe will become a day of animals. If the human body is not upright, then the groups with round skulls and heels, although difficult to see, are just like animals and plants. Therefore, the universe, which supports the world, must be upright and start over, so it is said that "Tianzhu depends on it".
These two words: righteousness does not delay, the world is chaotic, and acting according to righteousness will safeguard the earth and respect Tianzhu.
The three cardinal principles are life,
Interpretation: the human relations in the ancestors' areas are five, which can be summarized into three classes, namely, monarch, minister, father and son, husband and wife. Monarch and minister, the rule of teaching, is the necessary order of up and down, master and slave, unity and unity; Father and son, the mood of life, ancient days, the hard-won days of the people; Couples, such a lifestyle, Yan Zhengren and the world become good. Therefore, the ancient sages of our country regard these three principles as the key principles of interpersonal relationship and take them as lessons for generations to come. The country subverts, all three fall, and the lives of the people are in danger. Therefore, we must stretch the righteousness, keep the three cardinal guides, and then steam people's lives, so as to lay a good foundation and derive from infinity. "The three cardinal guides are actually life". Human life is based on the three cardinal guides, but the establishment of the three cardinal guides is unhealthy, so righteousness is also the key to human life.
This sentence contains two sentences, and the relationship between righteousness and righteousness is very different. This hit the nail on the head, pointing out that without benevolence and righteousness, it is impossible to maintain the ethical and disciplinary program of the masses and make a living for the people without benevolence and righteousness. Zhang Zi has a proverb: "Make a heart for heaven and earth" has two meanings. The meaning of the sentence "making a living for the people" is also.
Morality is fundamental.
Interpretation: The moral theory originated from Mencius has been interpreted under the sentence "more expensive than others". Righteousness is cultivated by morality, and its expression is nothing more than morality, so it is said that "morality is the root".
This sentence points out the basis of righteousness, and out of morality, it shows that future generations in the world must be clear about morality and do it honestly, so that righteousness can be manifested. Pottery casting people lead this land and the whole world, and salty is good.
Since "qi is thinner than the side", every eight sentences are a paragraph, which is extremely important for the righteousness.
Distinguish and appreciate
Song Zhengqi was written by Wen Tianxiang, a famous minister in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Song Dynasty, in the first year of Emperor Zhao Minxiang's prosperity (1278), Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured in Haifeng, Guangdong. The following year, he was escorted to Yuan Dadu (now Beijing). After three years in prison, Wen Tianxiang suffered various threats and inducements, but he remained indomitable. 128 1 in the summer, in a hot and humid cell, Wen Tianxiang wrote Song of Righteousness, which is as famous as crossing the ocean. He said in the preface:
I'm in the north yard, sitting in an earthen house. It's eight feet wide and four fathoms deep. The door of the single room is low and small, and the white room is short and narrow, dirty and dark. In this summer, all kinds of gases are extracted: four sets of rain, several floating beds, and sometimes water vapor; Mud half a face, braving the wind and waves, sometimes rustic; At first glance, it looks sunny and hot, and the air duct is blocked. At other times, the weather is fine. The yin of the eaves encourages inflammation and abuse, sometimes anger; When the warehouse is rotten, when Chen chen is aggressive and angry; Side by side, smelly and sweaty, sometimes popular; Or a corpse, or a rotten mouse, mixed with evil spirits, sometimes stinking. Stacking is counting gas, and it is rare to do it well. I haven't been weak for two years, but fortunately I'm safe and sound. It's almost a matter of support. However, I also know what I am raising. Mencius said, "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit." He has seven spirits, and I have one. With one enemy against seven, why should I suffer! Haoran, the meaning of heaven and earth, composed a song of righteousness.
The poem is impassioned, which fully shows Wen Tianxiang's unyielding patriotic feelings. 1283 1.9 After refusing Yuan Shizu's last inducement, Wen Tianxiang made a southern tour on the execution ground and died peacefully. His desperate words wrote: "Confucius said that he was benevolent, and Meng said that he took justice, but his righteousness was exhausted, so he was benevolent." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, you have no conscience. "
On the east wall of the front yard of today's Wen Tianxiang Temple (Fu Xue Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, where Wen Tianxiang was originally detained), there is a poem tablet engraved with "Song Zhengqi" written by Wen Tianxiang. In the back hall, there is an ancient jujube tree that inclines to the south at nearly 45 degrees, which is said to be the "guiding tree" representing Wen Tianxiang's indomitable spirit of "not pointing to the south and refusing to rest".
Wen Tianxiang, an anti-Yuan hero, wrote Song Zhengqi in Beijing (the capital of the Yuan Dynasty). The little-known Wen Tianxiang Temple is located in Fu Xue Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, where Wen Tianxiang, an anti-Yuan hero, was imprisoned by the Yuan Dynasty for three years. Wen Tianxiang Temple has two courtyards before and after, and there is a poem tablet embedded in the east wall of the front yard, engraved with the famous sentence "Song Zhengqi" written by Wen Tianxiang in that year; In the back hall, there is an ancient jujube tree that inclines to the south at nearly 45 degrees, which is said to be the "guiding tree" representing Wen Tianxiang's indomitable spirit of "not pointing to the south and refusing to rest".
2 1 year-old, won the top prize, refused to surrender in the main battle, and was repeatedly rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty, 1236 was born in a family of poets and calligraphers. 1256 years old, went to Lin 'an House (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and won the top prize. 1259, when Wen Tianxiang finished his filial piety for his father for three years and officially entered his official career, the Southern Song Dynasty was already facing the critical situation of Mongolian troops invading from the south. Worried Wen Tianxiang wrote to the imperial court, exposing the treacherous court official's misdeeds by mistake, and put forward the idea of "establishing a Fangcheng, each defending its own side", that is, implementing the military defense contract responsibility system according to the location, but "fighting without reporting" was ignored. Wen Tianxiang's official career, honest and caring for the country and the people, has been ups and downs for twenty years, and has always been suppressed and rejected.
My heart is a magnet, which does not mean that the South refused to take in 127 1 year. Kublai Khan established the Great Yuan Empire. 1274, Kublai Khan sent Prime Minister Bo Yan and led 200,000 troops to invade the Song Dynasty again. Although there were more than 700,000 soldiers in the Southern Song Dynasty, the master and the young minister were treacherous and collapsed at the touch of a button. Wen Tianxiang donated his fortune and raised 50,000 militiamen from Beijing, but was obstructed by treacherous court officials and was relieved of military power.
1276 On the 18th day of the first lunar month, the Yuan army arrived at Gaoting Mountain, only three miles away from Lin 'an, and the right prime minister Chen wenfeng fled. On the 19th day of the first month, the court appointed Wen Tianxiang, the magistrate of Lin 'an, as the right prime minister and went to Gaoting Mountain to discuss surrender. The powerful Empress Xie instructed the little emperor to call Kublai Khan's nephew if it was possible to negotiate, but it was impossible, and the grandson agreed. On the 20th of the first month, Wen Tianxiang met with Bo Yan, saying that he would only talk about peace, not surrender, and asked the Yuan army to withdraw its troops before negotiations. Bo Yan was furious and detained Wen Tianxiang. On the 21st of the first month, Xie led the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender.
1276 On the ninth day of the second lunar month, Wen Tianxiang, who vowed to die, left for Dadu (now Beijing) under the escort of the Yuan Army. During the stopover in Zhenjiang, Wen Tianxiang and his companion *** 12 managed to escape on the night of February 29th, and returned to their homeland of Southern Song Dynasty by boat via Yizheng, Yangzhou and Tongzhou (now Nantong). When Wen Tianxiang was sailing at the mouth of the Yangtze River, he wrote a sincere and touching poem "The Yangtze River" on board: "I swam to the North Sea with the wind and returned to the Yangtze River in a few days. My heart is a magnetic needle stone, which does not mean that the south will not rest. "
No one has died in life since ancient times. After more than two months of running around, Wen Tianxiang finally returned to Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Since then, officials who refused to demote the Yuan Dynasty have established the younger brother of Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty, who has already demoted the Yuan Dynasty, as emperor, and established a small court to survive. At one time, the homeland of the Southern Song Dynasty only relied on Wen Tianxiang's army to support the mess, and finally it was outnumbered. 12791February 20th, defeated in Wupoling, Haifeng, Guangdong, and was captured again.
With Wen Tianxiang, the Yuan Army captured Yashan (now the sea area of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province), the last base of the Southern Song Dynasty small court, by sea. Wen Tianxiang wrote "Crossing the Zero Ocean" in the enemy ships, and the famous sentence "Who has never died since ancient times, keep the heart of a child and shine on history" comes from this poem.
Heaven and earth are meaningful, and the manifold is 1279. On the first day of the 10th lunar month, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Dadu and placed in an inn. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan admired Wen Tianxiang's talent. He sent Gong, the fallen emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and several fallen ministers to persuade him to surrender. Wen Tianxiang refused, and was put into the horse cell (in today's Fu Xue Hutong) on the fifth day of October.
During his three years in prison, Wen Tianxiang wrote hundreds of poems and articles to express his patriotism. 128 1 summer, under the fumigation of seven gases, such as summer heat, rancid air and foul air, Wen Tianxiang generously wrote "Song Zhengqi", which is a sonorous work that has been told all through the ages and written all over the floor. In prison, he said, "Although heaven and earth are full of righteousness, they are various. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. In people's words, awe, unstoppable ... "
There is only a loyal soul, and the blue sky is always cloudy at dusk 1283. The Yuan Dynasty noticed that someone had contacted more than a thousand people and wanted to attack Yuan to rescue Wen Tianxiang. On October 8th, 65438/KLOC-0, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan personally arraigned the case, made a final surrender, and promised to give the Prime Minister an official position. Wen Tianxiang told Kublai Khan, "Nothing can be done except death."
1283 65438+1On October 9th, Wen Tianxiang was killed in Dadoucheng (now Jiaodaokou South Street in Beijing) at the age of 48. Wen Tianxiang wrote the last poem in the execution ground, and the last four sentences are "The heroes of the ages will be lost, the country will be ruined, and the cause will rest. There is only one cavity of loyalty, and the blue sky is often cloudy. "