1. Wang Wei
Wang Wei (701-761, one theory is 699-761), whose courtesy name was Mojie and whose name was Mojie layman. A native of Puzhou, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), his ancestral home is Qixian County, Shanxi. Famous poet and painter of Tang Dynasty.
Wang Wei was born in the Wang family in Hedong, and passed the first prize in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731). Li Guanyou collected relics, censored the censor, and made the judge during the Hexi Festival. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei paid homage to the official doctor and gave him a job.
When An Lushan captured Chang'an, Wang Wei was forced to take a pseudo post. After Chang'an was recovered, he was awarded the title of Prince Zhongyun. During the Qianyuan period of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as "Wang Youcheng" in his later life.
Wang Wei studied Zen and understood philosophy, studied Zhuang Daoism, and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, etc. He was famous among Kaiyuan and Tianbao for his poems, which were especially long in five words and mostly sung about landscapes and pastoral areas. He was associated with Meng Haoran. He is called "Wang Meng" and is also known as the "Poetry Buddha".
His calligraphy and painting are so exquisite that later generations regard him as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. Su Shi commented on it: "When you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems; when you look at Mojie's paintings, there are poems in the paintings." "Autumn Twilight" and so on. His works include "The Collection of Wang Youcheng" and "Secrets of Painting".
2. Yang Shen
Yang Shen (December 8, 1488 - August 8, 1559), also known as Yongxiu, originally named Yuexi, Sheng'an, and also Yishushi, Bonanshanren, Dongzhenyi, Southern Yunnan garrison, Golden Horse and Jade Rooster veterans, etc.
A native of Xindu, Sichuan (now Xindu District, Chengdu City), his ancestral home is Luling. A famous litterateur in the Ming Dynasty, the first of the three talented men of the Ming Dynasty, and the son of Yang Tinghe, a scholar of Dongge University.
Yang Shen passed the imperial examination in the sixth year of Zhengde (1511), edited the Imperial Academy, and participated in the compilation of "Wuzong Shilu". Wuzong went out of Juyongguan on a small trip, and he went to Shu to resist admonishment. After Shizong succeeded to the throne, he resumed compilation for Hanlin and served as a lecturer in Jingyan.
In the third year of Jiajing's reign (1524), he was banished to Yongchang Guards in Yunnan due to the "Great Ceremony". He once led his slaves to help put down the rebellions of Xundian Anquan and Wuding Feng Chaowen. After that, although he traveled to Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, he still ended up in Yongchang Guard.
In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), Yang Shen died in the garrison at the age of seventy-two. During the reign of Emperor Muzong of the Ming Dynasty, he was posthumously given to the young minister of Guanglu Temple. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, he was posthumously given the posthumous title of "Wenxian" and was known as "Yang Wenxian" in the world.
Yang Shen has been in southern Yunnan for thirty years and has read extensively. When later generations discussed the extensive memorization and richness of writings in the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen was ranked first. He is also good at writing, poetry and Sanqu, and his works on ancient textual research have a wide range.
His poems were popular in the Six Dynasties, and they were adopted from the late Tang Dynasty. They created profound and elegant poems with profound attainments and were independent of the prevailing trend. He wrote more than 400 kinds of works, which were compiled by later generations into "Sheng'an Collection".
3. Liu Ruozai
Liu Ruozai (1595-1640), whose courtesy name was Yinping and whose nickname was Tuizhai, was under the jurisdiction of Huaining County, Anqing Prefecture in the south (now Dayuan, Pingshan Street, Huaining County, Anhui Province) people. The first scholar in the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628), he was a calligrapher and painter.
Liu Ruozai was born into a scholarly family. He is quick in writing and well-spoken. He is good at calligraphy and painting, and is excellent in regular script, running script and cursive script. He often recommended wise, brave and loyal talents to the court. The famous general Shi Kefa in the late Ming Dynasty was promoted from Anchi Dao Superintendent to governor because of his recommendation.
On April 13, the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, he died of illness due to overwork. After his death, he was given a posthumous gift of "Zhan Shi", a sacrifice and burial, and a Yinzi. Later, because Liu Yuhui became an official, he was given as a gift to the imperial servant Taiqing.
In the old days, there was Zhuangyuanfang built in front of the County Academy (today's Anqing City). Liu Ruozai's residence in Anqing was called "Zhuangyuanfu", and the current Anqing Zhuangyuanfu Hotel is named after this.
4. Chen Wenlong
Chen Wenlong (1232-1276) was born in Xinghua, Fujian (now Putian, Fujian). His first name was Zilong and his courtesy name was Gangzhong. Du Zong renamed him Wenlong, gave him the courtesy name Junbi, and his nickname Ruxin. He was the fifth grandson of Chen Junqing, a famous general who fought against the Yuan Dynasty, and a national hero.
Duzong of the Song Dynasty won the first prize in the fourth year of Xianchun (1268). Chen Wenlong was highly regarded by the Southern Song Dynasty court and held many important positions with considerable achievements. When the Yuan army went south, with the generals from various places surrendering one after another, the surrender envoys went to Xinghua twice to persuade Wenlong to surrender, but he was killed both times by burning books. He was later arrested and started a hunger strike while being escorted to Hangzhou. When passing through Hangzhou to visit Yuefei Temple, he died of breathlessness and was buried next to Zhiguo Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou.
The Ming Dynasty issued an edict to confer Wenlong as the City God of Fuzhou Prefecture, and people in Fuzhou called Wenlong "Shang Shugong".
5. Liu Chunlin
Liu Chunlin (1872-1944), also known as Runqin and Shiyun.
A native of Suning County, Hejian Prefecture, Zhili Province, China in the late Qing Dynasty, he was the number one scholar in Jiachenke in the 30th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign in the late Qing Dynasty (AD 1904). He was also the last number one scholar in Chinese history. The so-called "last among the first" .
Liu Chunlin is good at calligraphy, especially in small regular script. The fine and vigorous writing style of small regular script is highly praised by the world. At that time, it was said that "the big regular script learns from Yan (Yan Zhenqing), and the small regular script learns from Liu (Liu Chunlin)". He has published many calligraphy volumes in small regular script, such as "Preface to the Holy Teachings of the Tripitaka of the Tang Dynasty" and "Preface to Lanting Pavilion";
Large calligraphy scripts have also been published. Liu Chunlin's name has been included in the large-scale dictionary "Chinese Calligraphy Dictionary" published by Hong Kong Calligraphy Publishing House and Guangdong People's Publishing House.
Liu Chunlin suffered from heart disease. After being attacked by the Japanese and puppets, his condition gradually worsened. After many treatments failed, he died in Beijing on January 18, 1944 (it is also said that he died in 1942). His cemetery in Baoding City, Hebei Province.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Wang Wei
Baidu Encyclopedia - Yang Shen
Baidu Encyclopedia - Liu Chunlin
Baidu Encyclopedia - Liu Ruozai
Baidu Encyclopedia——Chen Wenlong