draw
Wentong is famous for being good at drawing bamboo. He pays attention to experience and advocates planning before writing. He painted bamboo leaves, creating a method with thick ink as the surface and light ink as the back. Scholars made special effects to form mohists, known as "Mohist Bamboo Sect" and "Wenhuzhou Bamboo Sect". The idiom "have answers" originated from his idea of painting bamboo. [2]
Wen Tong has an in-depth and meticulous observation of bamboo, so his painting method is rigorous. At the same time, as a civil servant, his works are also different from professional painters. "Painting Knowledge" said that his ink bamboo was "a show of natural and unrestrained posture, and it was a show of force and pressure." Xuanhe's painting spectrum further pointed out that his works "hold things for entertainment, and then see the battle of ink and wash".
I saw the characteristics of Wen Tong's ink and bamboo paintings. It can be said that the appearance of works like Wen Tong is one of the signs of the rise of literati painting. Wen Tong's ink bamboo works had an important influence on Su Shi, Wang Tingjun and his son in Jin Dynasty and Li Kan in Yuan Dynasty, and ink bamboo gradually became an important theme of China literati painting.
Wen Tong advocates that painting bamboo should first be "well-thought-out". Write bamboo leaves, create deep ink for the surface, light ink for the back. There are many bamboo forests in Yangzhou, and painting bamboo is beneficial. He sang with his cousin Su Shi's poems and established the theme of the Four Gentlemen. Its bamboo paintings, "deep ink for the surface, light ink for the back." Later, bamboo painters learned from it, and the world called it "Huzhou Bamboo School". In the Yuan Dynasty, painting ink bamboo became a fashion, such as Li Li, Zhao Mengfu and other famous artists, all of whom were descendants of Huzhou School and had a great influence on later generations. I also like to be an old tree and write about landscapes.
There is a so-called invisible monument in the stone wall of Heilongtan in Renshou County, Sichuan Province. The surface of the gray stone is smooth and seamless, but after splashing water, a bamboo stick is exposed, which the locals say is a literary work. Su Shi: The Collection of Su Dongpo, Volume 32, Wen Can Draw Bamboo: "To draw bamboo, you must first know who you want to draw." The article Huzhou Bamboo School, signed by Zhenwu, lists 25 ink bamboo painters after Wentong. Painting school was formed among Wentong's relatives and friends, such as Wentong's wife, nephew, children, grandson and cousin Su Shi. Huzhou Bamboo School has been influenced for more than 800 years since Song Dynasty, among which the most famous beneficiaries are Gao, Zhao Mengfu, Li Li, Ke and Zhenwu in Yuan Dynasty, Wang Bi in Ming Dynasty and Zheng Xie in Qing Dynasty.
Wen Tong's handed down works are few. Today, the ink painting of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is its original work. It draws a bamboo upside down, with vivid image and rigorous brushwork. The Guangdong Provincial Museum has a map of Zhu Mo, and this is a copy of this volume. The painting axis of the ink bamboo is unknown, but it has the same text and two seals: a quiet studio. And ke. Painting bamboo hanging on the edge of the cliff, the trunk is bent and slightly inclined to the end, which implies a strong business experience in the process of bending and crouching. The branches and leaves are dense and staggered, each with its own posture. The ink colors of the painted leaves are interdependent, just like Mifei's paper painted a bamboo cloud: "Start from scratch with deep ink as the surface and light ink as the back." Ink bamboo is still a new painting art in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is still related to the fashionable and realistic times at that time. Therefore, there is no "intermediary" or "claw" leaf skimming, and there is no calligraphy Lian Bi between bamboo joints. The whole painting method is between "painting" and "writing", which is different from the bamboo painting of scholars in Yuan Dynasty and later.
Poetry and prose
Wen Tong spoke highly of Mei's poetry creation. His "Woven Women's Complaints" describes the hardships of woven women, but it is made difficult by officials, which is the same as Mei's poems reflecting the sufferings of the people. His landscape poems are more distinctive. For example, "the gulls fall in the clouds, and the sun shines high on Lin Fei" ("Early Clear to Baoenshan Temple"); "Cattle scattered around the stream, chickens flying all over the field" ("Late Return to the Village") and other sentences; The image is vivid, just like a painting, which fully shows the characteristics of the painter and poet who is good at framing and painting. In his poems, he often compares the natural scenery to the famous paintings of his predecessors, such as "People sit alone in the water porch, and the forest is full of birds" ("Seeing Confucianism on the Late Snowy Lake") and "The mountains are like Li Cheng, and the valleys are like Fan Kuanneng" ("Dragon Horse"), which adds new techniques to the description of scenery in ancient poems, which is the same as the painters at that time were willing to find paintings in the poems of their predecessors.
He is the author of 40 volumes of the Collection of Dan Yuan, with 2 supplements, edited by Zeng, chronology 1 volume, and appendix 2. There are four series of printed versions.
Water mass [1]
Agitating water for Jialing people, building high and deep, good and bitter [2];
Where there is a * * * between miles [3], there is no virtual human [4] when the wheat enters the surface.
A man who lives in danger produces a kind of thinness [5], and he will eat the river for the rest of his life [6].
The imperial court sent envoys to build water conservancy projects, and both flat wheels and side wheels were installed [7].
Precautions:
[1] water mill (wèi): water mill, that is, water mill. Grinding equipment using hydraulic rotation.
[2] Structure height: refers to the tall structure of the waterfront. Cave depth: refers to the depth of excavation. L: Very good.
[3] all. This: refers to the water mass.
[4] Innocent: I have never been idle. One by one, they are all flour grinders.
[5] Pimont: Farmer. Meng: People.
[6] Eat this: Eat this.
[7] Hey: Sorry, sigh. Flat wheel and side wheel: instead of the whole water tank. Because water hinders the flow of water and is harmful to water conservancy, water conservancy construction is often destroyed.
Brief analysis:
The title of this poem, Shuituan, focuses on the hard life of Shuituan as a businessman. It is not easy to write "Jialing people" in the first two sentences to build a water mill, and the word "so bitter" contains infinite sighs. Three or four sentences describe the function of the water mass, in which "everything is based on ten miles * * *" benefits from the regional capitalization of the water mass, and "wheat enters the surface without empty people" is written from the troubles of the water mass, revealing the important role of water mill in the lives of local people. In five or six sentences, it is said that the local land is dangerous and barren, and the products are scarce. Farmers who set up water groups can only use water groups as a source of food and clothing, and further claim that water groups are indispensable. The last two sentences are written because of water conservancy construction, the court will dismantle the water regiment, and the life prospects of farmers are worrying.
This poem does not accuse the imperial court of building water conservancy projects, but laments the hardships and poverty of farmers in Jialing mountain area, which reflects the author's concern for the sufferings of the people, not only to "build water conservancy projects", but also to let water conservancy workers live a carefree life. This is what the author hopes, and it is also an important motivation for this poem.
Cunjia
On the plateau, the stone path is really small [1], and the hedgerows are bright and faded [2].
Old rafters float [3] and white glutinous rice returns [4].
Cows are scattered around the stream [5], and chickens are flying around in the fields.
Smoke rises in front of the stream and behind the valley [6], and each son flies over firewood [7].
Precautions:
[1] qiāoquè: The land is barren. Small stone road: A narrow stone road. It means "the rocks are rugged and the road is narrow" in Han Yu's "The Rock".
[2] flicker: flicker, flicker.
[3] Zhai (jū): Skirts or sleeves refer to clothes, and refer to peasant women who pick mulberry.
[4] White (jiá): white jacket. This refers to farmers.
[5] Jia (jiā): reed.
[6] Smoke: Twilight refers to the smoke that farmers cook late.
[7] Child: Child. Chai Fei: Chai Men.
Brief analysis:
This is a poem describing rural scenery and rural life. The first two sentences: "The plateau is indeed a small stone path" means "mountain rock" by Han Yu, which not only describes the geographical environment of the mountain village, but also shows the poet's mental journey-climbing the narrow stone path. Time goes from "the hedge lane goes out, the afterglow still exists" to the mountain village. The meaning of "being late" is extremely obvious in two sentences. The following six sentences are what the author saw and heard in the mountain village. Each sentence describes a life scene in a mountain village. These scenes are not only common for farmers at night, but also full of life, which are described very delicately by the author and full of artistic beauty and charm. The use of verbs in every sentence is quite clever. This poem reveals the author's intoxication and longing for rural life.