Its method is: use clay to carve words, and the font is as thin as the edge of copper coins. Each word is carved with a font and burned hard. First, set an iron plate covered with something like turpentine and wax mixed with paper ash.
If you want to print, put an iron frame on the iron plate, and then arrange the type closely in the iron frame. When the hob is full, it becomes a printing plate and is baked on the fire. When the medicine on the iron plate melts slightly, press a flat plate on the type so that all the type arranged on the plate is as flat as a millstone. If only three or two books are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens or even hundreds of copies, it will be very fast (very fast).
When printing, two iron plates are usually made. This edition is in print, and the other edition is already in typesetting. This edition has just been printed and the second edition is ready. The alternate use of two plates can be completed in a very short time. Each word has several types (impressions), such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 types (impressions) in case of repeating words in the same edition.
When not in use, mark it with paper (label it with paper), label each rhyme according to the rhyme of the word, and store it in a wooden lattice. When you encounter uncommon words that you don't usually prepare (if there are uncommon words that you don't usually prepare), carve them out immediately and barbecue them with grass fire, and the carving will soon be successful.
The reason why wood is not used as a movable type mold is because the texture of wood is loose and delicate, it will become uneven when it is wet, and it will stick with medicine, so it can't be taken off when the board is removed; Unlike fonts fired with clay, they are baked with fire after use, so that the medicine melts, and then they will fall off by themselves (fall off by themselves), and will not be contaminated by drugs at all.
2. Movable type printing (classical Chinese) Translation During the Qing Dynasty, a civilian named Bi Sheng invented the movable type version.
Its method is: use clay to carve words, and the font is as thin as the edge of copper coins. Each word is carved with a font and burned hard. First, set an iron plate covered with something like turpentine and wax mixed with paper ash.
If you want to print, put an iron frame on the iron plate, and then arrange the type closely in the iron frame. When the hob is full, it becomes a printing plate and is baked on the fire. When the medicine on the iron plate melts slightly, press a flat plate on the type so that all the type arranged on the plate is as flat as a millstone. If only three or two books are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens or even hundreds of copies, it will be very fast (very fast).
When printing, two iron plates are usually made. This edition is in print, and the other edition is already in typesetting. This edition has just been printed and the second edition is ready. The alternate use of two plates can be completed in a very short time. Each word has several types (impressions), such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 types (impressions) in case of repeating words in the same edition.
When not in use, mark it with paper (label it with paper), label each rhyme according to the rhyme of the word, and store it in a wooden lattice. When you encounter uncommon words that you don't usually prepare (if there are uncommon words that you don't usually prepare), carve them out immediately and barbecue them with grass fire, and the carving will soon be successful.
The reason why wood is not used as a movable type mold is because the texture of wood is loose and delicate, it will become uneven when it is wet, and it will stick with medicine, so it can't be taken off when the board is removed; Unlike fonts fired with clay, they are baked with fire after use, so that the medicine melts, and then they will fall off by themselves (fall off by themselves), and will not be contaminated by drugs at all.
3. In the classical Chinese calendar printed by movable type, there is a kind of cloth Bi Sheng, which is also movable type.
Its method uses clay to carve words, as thin as money lips, and each word is printed, which is hardened by fire. First, an iron plate is erected, on which rosin wax and paper ash are exposed.
If you want to print, put an iron fan on the iron plate to print more densely. When a full iron fan is used as a board, hold it on the fire, the medicine will be slightly melted, and then press it with a flat plate, and the words will be as flat as a rock.
It is not easy to stop printing three or two books; If you print hundreds of thousands of copies, it will be very fast. It is often made of two iron plates, one of which is printed and the other is self-printed.
As soon as the printer was finished, the second board was already available. More interoperability and immediacy.
Each word has several prints, for example, etc., each word has more than 20 prints in case a board is duplicated. If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one for each rhyme, and store it in the wooden lattice.
People with strange shapes can be carved in an instant without preparation. Those who don't use wood as a material are dense, uneven and sticky, which is not desirable.
If you don't burn the soil, melt the medicine after use and brush it with your hand, and its seal will automatically fall down without being polluted.
4. Full-text translation of movable type board
Printed books with rigid boards were not widely used in the Tang Dynasty. It was only in the Five Dynasties that the Five Classics were printed, and all kinds of books in the future were printed by block printing.
In the Qing Dynasty, Bi Sheng, a civilian, created another trap. Its method is to carve words with clay, which is as thin as the edge of copper coins. Every word is made into a font and hardened with fire. First, set up an iron plate, which is covered with turpentine and wax mixed with paper ash. If you want to print, put an iron frame on the iron plate, then arrange the type closely, fill an iron frame as a board and bake it by the fire; If the medicine melts a little, press a flat plate on the surface, and the words lined up on the flat plate will be as flat as a grindstone. If only three or two books are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens or even hundreds of copies, it will be soon. When printing, two iron plates are usually made. One printing plate is being printed, and the other printing plate has been arranged with another type. This edition has just been printed and the second edition is ready. The two boards can be used alternately and can be completed in a short time. Each word has several fonts, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than twenty fonts to guard against repeated words in a board. When not in use, put a label made of paper, make a label for each rhyme, and store it in the wooden box. If there are uncommon words that you don't usually prepare, carve them out immediately and barbecue them with grass fire, and they will be done soon. The reason why wood is not used to make movable type molds is because the texture of wood is loose and delicate, uneven after being soaked in water, and it adheres to drugs and cannot be taken off; It is best to burn the fonts with clay, bake them with fire after use, melt the medicine and try them by hand, so that the fonts will fall off by themselves and will not be touched by the medicine at all. After Bi Sheng's death, his fonts were acquired by my cousins, and they are still treasured.
5. Making movable type printing calligraphy, translating classical Chinese or bamboo books is called bamboo slips, or writing on silk books is called silk books. After that, books were widely soaked. It's expensive and simple, it's not easy to use, and it's paper, so the word comes from towel. Before this case, Cai Lun in the later Han Dynasty made paper with wood bark, hemp head, our cloth and fishing nets, which became Cai Lun paper. The article raises money, thinking it is a scroll, and it is easy to roll up, the purpose is to roll up. However, everyone writes a book. Scholars are difficult to record, so old people value books. In the second year of Changxing in the Five Dynasties Tang Dynasty, Prime Ministers Feng Dao and Li Yu asked imperial academy to revise the Nine Classics and print it hard, and the court followed it. The method of recording catalpa is based on this. Because there are so many books in the world.
But carpenters spend a lot of money, so much that they have word boards, which are not as good as craftsmanship, and it is difficult to make them in a few years. Although there are books that can be handed down, everyone is afraid of their labor costs and cannot be printed and disseminated.
6. The original printed books on trapdoors were not popular in the Tang Dynasty. The Five Classics were printed in the Five Dynasties, and later classics were printed.
In the celebration calendar, Bi Sheng is also a trap. Its method: carve words with clay, as thin as money lips, and every word is
A seal makes the fire stronger. First, an iron plate is erected, on which rosin, wax and paper ash are exposed. If you want to print, please use the
An iron fan is placed on the iron plate, but it is densely printed, and the full iron fan is used as a board. If you hold it, it will burn; Just one medicine after a little melting.
When the tablet presses its surface, the words are as flat as stones. It is not easy to stop printing three or two books; If you print hundreds of thousands of copies, it will be extremely
For speed. I often make two iron plates, one printed and the other printed by myself. Only when the printing machine is finished can the second printing plate be printed.
More interoperable and real-time. Every word has several seals, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and every word has two characters.
More than ten printed materials, in case of duplication on one board. If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one for each rhyme, and store it in a wooden lattice.
People with strange shapes can be carved in an instant without preparation. Those who don't take wood as the object are sparse in arts and sciences.
Dense, moist, uneven, with drugs, not desirable; If it is not burnt soil, it will be melted with fire after use, so that
When you brush it by hand, you will print it yourself and it will not get dirty.
Ascending to death, it was printed from the group and has been preserved to this day.
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[Trap] is selected from Meng Qian Bitan with a slight change. Meng Qian talks about history, literature, science and technology.
Notes on study and other knowledge. A trap is a trap. Board, the same as "version".
Use on a large scale. It means "printed books".
Printed books.
Song Renzong year number (104 1- 1048).
[Cloth] Civilians, people without official positions in ancient times wore cloth, so they were called cloth.
The edge of a copper coin.
Place an order.
[and (huò)〕]] mixed.
Take cover.
Frame.
Take it to the fire to roast. It's nearby. Hey, baking.
[Medicine] refers to the above turpentine, wax, etc.
The words are as flat as a stone (d ǐ) (All the words on the board are as flat as a millstone.
It is not easy. It is not easy.
Dozens or even hundreds of thousands.
Not from, besides.
Get ready.
[many (gēng) mutual] alternate, take turns.
Finish [just].
Mark with paper (classify movable type). Label it.
Every rhyme is a post, stored in a wooden lattice. It means to classify the words according to rhyme and put them in the wooden lattice respectively.
Rare words.
The reason why wood is not used to carve movable type.
[Arts and Sciences] Texture.
At the same time.
[Not desirable] I can't take it off.
"Burning (fán) soil" means "lettering with soil and burning it to make it firm". Burn it. Burn it.
End (qi) Over.
Not at all.
[Yu Quncong (có ng)] My brother and uncle. Crowd, crowd, crowd. For example, next to the nearest relative.
Cousins are subordinate brothers.
7. Full-text pinyin of ancient Chinese movable type with tones huó bǎn yuán wén n: original text of movable type: b?ny?n shūjí, Tang ɡ r é n shà n ɡ w è i sh è n ɡ w é i zh:.
W ǔ w ǔ j ī n ɡ. Printed books were not popular in the Tang Dynasty.
The Five Classics were printed in the Five Dynasties, and all the classics were printed. qìnɡ·zhōnɡ·shēnɡ.
Qí fü: y ò n ɡ io Nikolez, Bao Lu Qin Chun, Metz Wei Yi Yi in, Hu Shu 'ao Li ɡ n ɡ Ian, Shi Yan Xie Yitie Bin, Shà n ɡ Yang S not n ɡ.
Shànɡ, Mei Ruying, Cai Jizuo, yánɡ, rónɡ In the celebration calendar, there is a cloth, which is also a trap.
Its method: carve words with mud, as thin as money lips, and seal every word, and burn hard. First, an iron plate is set, and resin, wax and paper dust are exposed on the iron plate.
If you want to print, put an iron fan on the iron plate to print more densely. If you take an iron fan as a plate, it will burn. If the medicine melts slightly, press a flat plate on its surface, and the words will be as flat as a stone. ruo zhǐyìn sānèr běn，wèI wéI Jiǎn yì； You're right.
Chá n ɡ Zuel Tiban, Jan Jan Shua, Jan Zaizai, Zaizai, Zedai Jan Zaizai, Yɡ ɡ ò ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ ɡ
If you stop printing three or two books, it will not be easy; If you print hundreds of thousands of copies, it will be very fast. Often when two iron plates are used, one plate prints, one plate has been printed by itself, and the printer finishes printing, then the second plate is already equipped and can be used in an instant.
Each word has several seals, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 seals, in case one board is duplicated. Bu y ò n ɡ, Zeyeu Tiye, Mei ·yònɡ Wei Yi Tiye, Mo ɡ é Zuye.
Ché n π. π ā o Shia Bupí n π, Yang Y ǔ, about Xi ā n π Bukai Q ǔ; Bouruwan T ǔ, Y ò n ɡ l ? n ɡ o ró n ɡ, Yang Su Furi, Yang Suluo, Shi Buhern Wo.
If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one for each rhyme, and store it in the wooden lattice. If there are grotesque characters who are unprepared, they can be burned with grass fire and can be achieved in an instant.
Those who don't use wood as material are rare, those who touch water are uneven, and it is not advisable to stick to medicine; If you don't burn the soil, use it to melt the medicine, and brush it with your hand, and its seal will automatically drop and not stick. Sh ē n ɡ sang, Jon Wei Y ǔ Kun, Có n ɡ Sood, Jenny Bo Cá n ɡ.
Up to death, its seal was obtained by the group and has been preserved to this day.
8. Shen Kuo's "Letterpress" translated the original printed books of "Letterpress" in detail, but there was no songbook in the Tang Dynasty.
The Five Classics began to be printed in the Five Dynasties, and all the classics were printed on the blackboard. There is a cloth (9) of Bi Sheng in Li Qing (8), which is also a trap.
Its method: Carve words as thin as money's lips with clay, and print every word (1 1), and fire will make it firm (12). First, put an iron plate on which (14) resin, wax and (Hu) (13) paper ash are exposed.
If you want to print, put an iron fan (15) on the iron plate with words printed on it. If you take the iron fan as a plate, it will burn (16). If the medicine (17) melts slightly, press it with a flat plate, and the words will be as flat as stone (18). If it is printed in triplicate (19), it will not be easy (20); If you print hundreds of thousands of copies (2 1), the speed will be extremely fast.
I often make two iron plates, one is printed and the other is printed from (22). Only when this printer is finished, the second board has (23), which is mutually used (24) and can be used in an instant (25). Each word has several seals (26 seals), such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 seals, in case of duplication on one board.
If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one for each rhyme, and store it in a wooden lattice (27). If there is an unguarded strange character (28), it can be achieved in an instant by carving it with rotation (29) and burning it with grass.
If wood is not used as the material (30), the arts and sciences are dense (3 1), but it is uneven when it touches water, (32) it is not advisable to stick to medicine (33); Instead of burning earth (34), use fire (35) to melt the medicine, and brush it by hand, and its seal will automatically fall off without being contaminated by (36). Ascending to death, its seal was obtained from (37) and has been preserved to this day.
(This article is compiled into the second volume 13 of the eighth grade of Chinese in Jiangsu Education Edition. ) (adapted from lesson 13, Volume II, Chinese Eighth Grade, Su Jiaoban, adapted by Wang Haoming) Edit this paragraph and note (1) blackboard writing: that is, print books by woodcut.
Engraving printing, engraving books. Board, through the "version", nouns as adverbials, with engraving.
(2) Shang: Shang Fanhua: Doing this kind of thing on a large scale is grand, which means large scale here. It means "a book printed on a board"
Wei: Yes (3) Five Dynasties: It refers to the five dynasties after the Tang Dynasty, such as the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty. (4) Five Classics: Confucian classics, which refer to Book of Changes, Book of History, Book of Songs, Book of Rites and Spring and Autumn Annals.
After the Han dynasty, it was collectively called the Five Classics. (5) After: Later.
Yes, pass "to". (6) Classics: important literary books.
(7) blackboard books: printed books. (8) Celebration calendar: Song Renzong year number (104 1~ 1048).
(9) cloth: civilians. In ancient times, people without official positions wore cloth clothes, so they were called cloth clothes.
This refers to a scholar who is not an official. (10) Money lip: the edge of a copper coin.
(1 1) seal: impression. (12) Spirit Sword: Difficult.
(13) and (Hu): mixed. (14) Mao: Meng and Gai.
(15) Fan: frame. (16) hold the fire (yáng): put it on the fire and bake it.
It's nearby. Hey, baking.
(17) medicine: refers to the above-mentioned turpentine, wax and other substances. (18) The characters are as flat as a stone (dǐ): The characters (all on the chessboard) are as flat as a millstone.
(19) Stop loss: same as "only". (20) Not simple: not simple.
(2 1) Tens of thousands: dozens or even hundreds of thousands. (22) from: by itself.
(23) equipment: ready. (24) gēng mutual: alternate, take turns.
(25) Just: Done. (26) printing: text printing.
(27) Stick on paper: (classify movable type) Mark with paper. Label it.
(28) Every rhyme is a post, which is stored in a wooden cell: it means to classify words according to rhyme and put them in a wooden cell respectively. (29) Odd words: words with special writing, or uncommon words.
(30) Rotation: Immediately and quickly. (3 1) People who don't take wood as the object: the reason why they don't use wood to carve movable type.
(32) Arts and sciences: texture, texture. (33) at the same time: again.
(34) Not desirable: it can't be taken off. (35) Burning (fán) soil: that is, the above-mentioned "lettering with soil, burning to make it firm".
Burning: burning. Refers to printing with burnt clay.
(36) End (q √): end, end. By no means: not at all.
(38) for the group (zê ng): by the younger brother and nephew. Crowd, crowd, crowd.
Next to the closest relatives, such as cousins as brothers, nephews as sons and uncles as fathers. Simply saying "from" means being younger than yourself.
Yes, yes. The original translation of Trapped Door used block printing books, which was not done on a large scale in the Tang Dynasty.
It was only in the Five Dynasties that the Five Classics were printed, and all the important books in the future were printed by block printing. During the Song Dynasty, a civilian named Bi Sheng invented movable type printing.
Its method is: carve words with clay, the font is as thin as the edge of copper coins, each word is carved with a font, and it is hardened with fire. Put an iron plate first, and spread it with turpentine, wax mixed paper ash and the like.
If you want to print, just put an iron frame on the iron plate, and then densely arrange the type in the iron frame. When the hob is full, it becomes a printing plate. Take it to the fire to roast. When the medicine on the iron plate melts slightly, press it on the type with a flat plate, and the type will be as flat as a millstone. If only three or two copies are printed, it will not be easy; If you print dozens or even hundreds of copies, it will be extremely fast.
Usually two iron plates are made, one is printing and the other is typesetting. When this printing is finished, the second plate is finished. The alternate use of two plates can be completed in a short time. Each word has several marks, such as "Zhi" and "Ye", and each word has more than 20 marks, which are used to prepare repeated words on the same board.
When not in use, mark with paper, label each rhyme, and store it in a wooden lattice. When you encounter an uncommon word that you are not prepared at ordinary times, you can immediately carve it and bake it with grass, and it will soon be successful.
Wood is not used to carve movable type, because the texture of wood is dense and will become uneven when it meets water. In addition, the woodcut words will stick to the medicine and cannot be taken off. Unlike the fonts made of clay, which are baked with fire after printing to melt the drugs, those fonts will fall off by themselves with a light brush and will not be contaminated by drugs at all. After Bi Sheng's death, his fonts were bought by my cousins, and they are still treasured.