Historical Relics of Chen Wenlong, a famous anti-Yuan general in the Song Dynasty (8)
Wanshou Shangshu Temple in Taijiang, Fuzhou
Today's "Wanshou Shangshu Temple" on Yuhuan Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou The old site was called "Xinmeifang" in the Song Dynasty and was located in the "City of Surabaya, Nantai". It was surrounded by rivers and flowed into the Minjiang River in both directions. The environment here is beautiful and the trees are shaded from the sun, so Fuzhou people describe it as "a jade belt wrapped around the waist of Shangshu Temple". During the Jingyan period of Duanzong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1276-1278), the official residence of Chen Wenlong, who was involved in political affairs and envoy to Fujian and Guangzhou, was originally located here. The people of Fuzhou greatly admired the noble character of this rural sage who was "like water flowing on the ground, like the sun in the sky". In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was "ordered to praise the feudal temple" and enshrine Chen Wenlong, the hero of the Anti-Yuan Dynasty. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, five "Shangshu Temples" were built in the Nantai area along the Minjiang River (including Taijiang and Cangshan), including Yangqi, Wanshou, Xinting, Longtan and Zhulin. Among them, the Wanshou Shangshu Temple has the most exquisite architecture and the most magnificent momentum, and has extremely high historical and cultural relic protection value.
Chen Wenlong was born in the fifth year of Shaoding (1232) of Lizong in the Southern Song Dynasty and died in the second year of Jingyan of Duanzong (1277). people. In the fourth year of Xianchun of Du Zong (1267), he won the first prize in the palace examination with "Long Fei's shooting strategy". In a few years, he went from being the judge of the Zhendong Army, the storyteller of Chongzheng Hall, the secretary of the Provincial School, and the official to the supervising censor, the envoy of Fujian and Guangzhou, and the informant of political affairs. Chen Wenlong was deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese classical and historical culture and Zuo Hai's simple folk customs of "valuing justice over profit". He often encouraged himself with Yue Wumu's generous vows to "serve the country with loyalty" and "return my rivers and mountains". Throughout his life as an official, he was honest, upright, caring about the people, and jealous of evil. In the second year of Emperor Gong's Deyou reign (1276), the Yuan army went south, and the capital Lin'an (Hangzhou) fell. The Southern Song Dynasty court was in danger. The main combatants, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and others, supported Zhao and fled south, proclaimed themselves emperor in Fuzhou, were named Duanzong, and changed their name to "Jingyan" to support the end of the game. At this time, Chen Wenlong, who had retired to his hometown, was summoned and entrusted with the important task of resisting the Yuan Dynasty and saving the country. After the fall of Fuzhou in Quanzhou, Xinghua became an isolated city. In the battle to defend Xinghua City, Chen Wenlong "spent all his wealth and recruited brave men to defend to the death." The Yuan army failed to succeed in several attacks. They sent people to persuade them to surrender many times but were rejected. They beheaded the envoys and burned books, determined to die for the country. Later, he was defeated and captured due to the betrayal of the surrendered general Wang Shiqiang and the traitors Lin Hua and Cao Chengsun. When he was escorting the scriptures to the sand, he left behind a poem "Send to Zhongzi": "The battle fortress is lonely and dangerous, and the strength is exhausted. The scholar can't move when he keeps his will. It's not my business to desecrate the ditch. It's time for the minister to die and seal the border. It's necessary to believe that it's hard to be imprisoned." The drums are beating, but the martyrs have not raised their flags. A hundred fingers have been wiped out, but only Dan Zhongtian knows. "This poem is noble and radiant. Chen Wenlong was escorted to the Yuewang Temple in Hangzhou and asked to stop to pay homage. He smoked a stove and complained, grieving several times. He died of starvation in the temple that night due to a hunger strike. He died at the age of 46 and was buried in the "Zhiguo Zen Temple" in Gushan, Hangzhou. "beside. Legend has it that after the burial, "thorny bamboo grew on the tomb, and people did not dare to touch it. People said it was due to loyalty. It is exactly the same as the cypress in Yue's tomb that does not have north branches." Zhang Qin, a member of the Imperial Academy in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, once wrote a couplet in front of the tomb. Said: "The two champions of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lizong Bingchenke and Duzong Wuchenke, won the first place for more than ten years, and their articles have been marked by integrity through the ages; the three Zhongsu of Xihu, the predecessor was Yue Shaobao, and the latter was Yu Shaobao, a piece of earth and pine Catalpas look at each other, and the sun and moon illuminate the universe." Comparing Chen Wenlong to Wen Tianxiang, Yue Fei, and Yu Qian.
Fuzhou people built a temple in Xinmeifang, where Chen Wenlong worked and lived, to express their admiration and admiration for this national hero.
The Wanshou Shangshu Temple has a long architectural history and a long history. According to the 14 square stone tablets discovered during the first phase of the temple's restoration project, two clearly recorded the time when the temple was built. On the one hand is the inscription written and engraved by Yang Tingzhen, who was appointed as the chief envoy and chief envoy in Fujian and other places in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1782), and recorded ten times with the third level: "The former Emperor Taizong Jiagong of the previous dynasty was so heroic that he was specially commended for it." It has been more than 300 years since the temple was built in the Sishui area of ??Nantai to worship." On the other hand, the inscription on the temple that was rebuilt in the 12th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1807) also contains: "The great martyrdom of Emperor Taizong Jiagong of the former Ming Dynasty. , specially commended and built the temple here for more than 300 years. "The inscriptions on the two sides are basically the same. Obviously the latter was copied from the former. The inscription dated back to the 47th year of Qianlong's reign is more than 300 years old. It was during the Yongle period of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty (1404-1424) that he was ordered to praise the feudal temple. It has a history of more than 600 years.
The remaining buildings of Wanshou Shangshu Temple still maintain the architectural program and artistic style of the Ming Dynasty. The temple faces south and covers an area of ??about 1,200 square meters, surrounded by high walls.
There are "horse general halls" built on the left and right in front of the temple. The two large stone lions at the entrance of the temple are naive and lifelike. The bluestone plaques with gold on both sides of the temple gate still exist. On one side, it is written straightly, "It is intended to be rebuilt"; on the other side, it is written horizontally, "Edict Feng Shuibu Shangshu", which is very eye-catching. The words "Lü Ren" and "Dou Yi" are written on the foreheads of the left and right side doors. The fonts are strong and powerful. The temple has a stage, a restaurant, a bell and drum tower, three temples, a central pavilion, a meeting hall, wing rooms, a main hall, a side hall, etc. Double eaves, carved beams and painted buildings, solemn and solemn, shaded from the sun, and all facilities are available. The temple is divided into two parts: the front hall and the back hall. It has a structure of "double eaves resting on the top of the mountain, lifting beams and passing through buckets". There are two side halls on the left and right of the front hall. In the middle of the main hall, Chen Wenlong, the "Shang Shu Gong", is enshrined. There are 18 clay sculptures of generals on both sides, holding different weapons, with lifelike and majestic looks. The "Queen of Heaven" Mazu is worshiped in the back hall, and there are two clay sculptures of "Thousand-Clear Eye" and "Wanlier" beside it. On the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, it was established as the site of "Wanshou Primary School", but now it has disappeared. Since its construction, the temple has become an excellent place for local people to hold various temple fairs and folk activities. It is listed as one of the three famous cultural temples along with the "White Horse Temple" (Wang Shenzhi Temple) in Yuzhou, Taijiang and the "Zhang Zhenjun Ancestral Temple" in Shanghang. One of landscape and religious landscape.
The main hall of Wanshou Shangshu Temple is laid out with 30 stone pillars, which is spacious, magnificent and spectacular. Among them, more than 10 stone pillar couplets were created by famous officials, bachelors and literati, who are rare historical figures. Such as the stone pillar couplets written and carved by Lin Zexu, Lin Hongnian, Shen Baozhen, Chen Baochen, Li Diantu, Yang Tinghui and others. Since the temple was leased as a shopping mall by Houzhou Street in the early 1990s, in order to modernize the display of merchandise, the operators ignored the country's Cultural Relics Protection Law, demolished the building arbitrarily, and removed several Shen Baozhen paintings with great cultural relic protection value. The stone pillars carved by , Lin Hongnian, Chen Baochen and others were polished and suffered devastating damage. At present, only three pairs of stone pillar couplets remain. One is the stone pillar couplet written by Lin Zexu, the Crown Prince of the Qing Dynasty, the Secretary of the Ministry of War, and the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, in the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), before he went to Guangxi to supervise “affairs”: Historical biography: The heroic spirit Zhaohai devours, standing side by side with Xinguo Longming, Shizhou Qingyan fights against Shenpu. "The second is the stone pillar couplet written and engraved by Li Diantu of the Fujian Governor's Department in the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805): "Look around the holly, that year. Chengren is worthy of his scientific name, and his generation has been united in literature and faith in the country; his voice is as silent as a cricket. Today, he is guarding against troubles and eliminating disasters. Jia Pingzhang, the head of Jiuyuan Jiji, was awarded the title of Second Grade in the third year of Guangxu (1877). The stone pillar couplet written and engraved by Yang Tinghui, deputy general of the Min'an Association in front of Hualing: "Believe in the name of the country and the name of the family, take the righteousness to become benevolent, pick the weeping in the eight palaces to extend the righteousness; the imperial concubine is in the same house, repay the merits and worship the virtue, pierce the bamboo for thousands of years and admire the heroic spirit." These stone pillars. It is rare and precious among the many temples in Fuzhou.
In addition, the Wanshou Shangshu Temple also reflects Chen Wenlong and the relationship between Fuzhou and Ryukyu. On the left and right sides of the main hall of the original Manshou Shangshu Temple, there are two statues of soft-bodied "Banjiang" (known as Hongbai Sheren by the masses) dressed in Ryukyu costumes. These two generals were not, as Xu Tiantai and Wang Tiefan said, "the two Mongolian soldiers who escorted Chen Wenlong to drown themselves", but the escort sent by the King of Ryukyu when the statue of Chen Wenlong returned home with the Chinese mission to "confer Ryukyu" The mission and Chen Wenlong and other statues returned to Fuzhou as attendants. Later generations cherished the friendly relations between China and Ryukyu and specially sculpted these two statues as a permanent memorial. This is a historical testimony of the traditional friendship between the Chinese and Ryukyu people from generation to generation.
According to the discovered inscriptions, stone pillar couplets and historical records, during the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang dynasties, Chen Wenlong was "a famous official in life and a god in death. It must be added to the sacrificial ceremony; and in the coastal area of ????Fujian, there are boats going back and forth, and the spirit of Lai Gong silently guides them, and the banditry happens overnight." The purpose is to "canonize Ryukyu". Chen Wenlong is worshiped by government officials and the masses as the god of traffic safety on inland rivers and seas. Therefore, the stele in the 46th year of Qianlong in the "Shangshu Ancestral Temple" in Yangqi has the record that "the Minister of the Ministry of Water granted him the title three times and the title of King of Zhenhai." . Therefore, in the main hall and central pavilion of Wanshou Shangshu Temple, there are two gilded wooden horizontal plaques inscribed by Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Daoguang, "Chaozong Liji" and "Hai Shi Zhaoling" in praise. The newly discovered inscriptions in the temple on the construction of Tianhou Palace, Shangshu Temple and Tuashi Tower in the 5th year of Jiaqing contain the historical facts of the arrival of "The No. 1 and No. 2 Ships of the Ryukyu Kingdom's King's Duty Treasury" in Fuzhou; and list the officials and captains of the Ryukyu Kingdom on board. , the list and amount of donations made by sailors to build the temple. The above examples fully prove the historical fact that Chen Wenlong first served as a god of inland rivers and then was upgraded to a god of safety at sea. Therefore, today, when Fuzhou and Naha have become sister cities, studying the relationship between Chen Wenlong and Ryukyu has practical significance for strengthening and promoting the friendly relations between China and Japan.
In short, in addition to the commendable deeds of Chen Wenlong who died for his country and the loyalty of his family, which are worthy of promotion, from the long time when the Wanshou Shangshu Temple was built, the partial preservation of the Ming Dynasty buildings, the existence of stone pillar couplets of famous ministers, The discovery of the first 14 inscriptions in the province that can attest to the history and the friendly relations with Ryukyu, etc., are enough to prove that the Manshou Shangshu Temple is a historical cultural relic with extremely rich connotations and extensions that deserves to be protected. unit. The temple is located in a prime location in Taijiang District. It can be turned into a "National Hero Chen Wenlong Memorial Hall" comparable to the "Lin Zexu Memorial Hall" in Gulou District. It is a base for educating future generations on national integrity and patriotism, and is open to believers and tourists at home and abroad.