After becoming famous, Shen Congwen said that before 1922, Shen Congwen was a rogue, a bandit, a rogue, or even nothing, but an animal with no feathers and two legs. He doesn't read books, watch murders, run wild in the wild, fight or get on other people's boats, which his parents can't control at all. 1965438+In September 2007, his family sent him to the army, but he was helpless. 1922, shortly after Chen Quzhen took charge of Xiangxi, twenty-year-old Shen Congwen was expelled from eastern Sichuan and returned to Baojing. He was left by Chen Quzhen as a secretary and was awarded the rank of sergeant. Chen Quzhen is very disciplined in the army. In his 40 s, he didn't want concubines (he married several concubines in his later years, after Shen Congwen left Xiangxi). He gets up before dawn every day and usually studies well. Zeng Guofan and Wang Shouren promised that their reading and management affairs were almost equally divided, and he often stayed up late. The military conference room is a new house, built alone on the mountain. In the meeting, if the confidential secretary is not here, Shen Congwen will take notes. Usually, the conference room is kept by Shen Congwen. There are five big nanmu cabinets in the military conference room, which contain hundreds of paintings in the Song and Ming Dynasties, dozens of bronzes and ancient porcelain, more than a dozen boxes of books, a large number of inscriptions and a set of four series. Shen Congwen later advocated that it is really rare for an officer to March with so many books, not to mention that "the time spent studying every day seems to be equal to the time spent studying things together" and "nothing is similar to the army I saw three years ago. Everything must be decided by the energetic commander, draw everything, schedule everything, and let everyone do their best within their own responsibilities without being depressed or degraded. "
Of course, this leader is Chen Quzhen. The post of military secretary also has more things to do than the secretaries of the Secretariat and the Staff Office. When an urgent telegram or other official document arrives, even in the middle of the night, you must get up immediately and copy the palindrome. So Shen Congwen can't just leave the meeting room. When there is nothing to do, Shen Congwen can only amuse himself by reading. Whenever Chen Quzhen needs to read a book or copy a passage from it, Shen Congwen will prepare it in advance. Therefore, the classification, numbering and registration of old paintings and antiques of books are all made by Shen Congwen. Because the registration involves the name of the painter, the time and location at that time, the name and use of bronze porcelain, etc. These must be made clear. Sometimes, he will take out the paintings from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, hang them on the wall, enjoy them silently and appreciate the beauty. Sometimes I read the ancient books such as Xiqing Ancient Mirror and Xue's Notes on Zhong Ding, and compare them with the inscriptions on bronzes to estimate their names and values. Sometimes I refer to the Summary of Siku to find out the author of an unfamiliar ancient book and the time of his life. "... in this respect, I have gained a preliminary understanding of this nation in a long year with a piece of color, a string, a bronze or a pile of dirt, a set of characters, and various arts I have made in my life. "
In this process, Shen Congwen learned a lot of knowledge. And because of the need to constantly check the ancient books for Chen Quzhen, over time, Shen Congwen also understood most of them. It was at this time that his roots of China traditional art were planted. Because of these preliminary knowledge, a countryman who lives by passive life and natural phenomena has undergone extensive and profound changes in his understanding of the brilliance of human wisdom. Later, he commented that "Shen Congwen's footsteps always carry the shadow of Chen Quzhen", and Shen Congwen's talent in this respect won the appreciation of Chen Quzhen. China's ancient history, literature and art, which he came into contact with during this period, deeply influenced his later literary creation. The classical literature accomplishment soaked in his creation, the necessary knowledge base for his study of cultural relics in his later years, and even his thorough understanding of the history of China calligraphy can almost be found here. At this time, the people who further influenced Shen Congwen were Chen Quzhen's teacher and his third uncle, Mr. Nie Rende. Nie Rende is a well-read man. /kloc-went to Beijing with Xiong Xiling in 0/893, and was a fellow villager of Gong. Later, I was afraid, so I couldn't take the court exam. In the year of Phoenix's success, the Revolution of 1911 became the first elected civil affairs director in Xiangxi. That year, I came down from Jianli County, Hubei Province, passed by Baojing and had a rest. Nie Rende is over 50 years old this year, with a purple face, thick eyebrows, long beard, robes and mandarin jackets, and a gentle face. After he arrived in Baojing, he was immediately arranged by Chen Quzhen to live in the Lion Temple with pleasant scenery. Lion Temple is located in the famous Lion Cave in Baojing. There is a stone wall by the river, which looks like a lion's face. Near the stone wall, there are four "sky-opening moire" stone carvings. There is a natural cave on the stone wall, which looks like a lion's mouth, that is, a lion's den. The cave walls are all white stalactites, and a natural path leads to a stone house. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the city king ordered three bookstores to be built in front of the Lion Cave, and the cave was not locked. In front of the library, old trees, bamboo trees and Gu Teng are intertwined, and there is a gloomy atmosphere. Shen Congwen crossed the river to the Lion Temple almost every day and listened to Nie Rende's lectures on "Song and Yuan Philosophy", "Mahayana", "Ming Cause" and "Evolution Theory". Curiosity drove Shen Congwen to ask many questions that he didn't know but wanted to explore. This old man and a young man are arguing endlessly in front of this eternal cave, facing a thousand-year-old river, which has also buried the lessons that Shen Congwen will spend his whole life thinking, answering and confirming. So he asked Chen Quzhen to leave the team and go north to study (1935). Chen Quzhen not only expressed his support, but also promised to provide financial support for him. Shen Lao later recalled: "So I took a handwritten note he wrote me, took 27 yuan from the munitions department, and left Baojing with the courage he gave me." However, shortly after Shen Congwen left Baojing, Chen Quzhen fell into political and economic difficulties because of the Battle of 100,000 Ping, and then failed to actually support Shen Congwen. However, all this is engraved in Shen Congwen's life.
Chen Quzhen and He Long.
19 14, Sun Yat-sen issued the Notice of Asking for Yuan, and the China Revolutionary Party set up branches in various places to organize armed groups to beg for Yuan. He began to respond very early. First, he led the riots in Xiangxi with Chen Tunan and Gu Jiting. Later, the Bamaoxi Salt and Tax Bureau was hacked, and a peasant armed force was set up, playing the banner of defending the country. At this time, He Long joined Tian Ying's troops and was appointed as the battalion commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Regiment on the left wing of Xiangxi National Defence Force, belonging to the 5th Army of Jing Lindxuan. During this period, Chen Quzhen escaped from Tibet and returned to Xiangxi. 19 13 years as deputy chief of staff of Xiangxi army 1 army commander Tian. Chen Quzhen is clever and capable. In the name of cultivating Tian Ying's backbone, he organized an officer training regiment, which actually began to cultivate his own military strength. It laid the foundation for comprehensive control of Xiangxi in the future, so most of the officers of the four regiments of 1 Army came from Chen's subordinates. Chen Quzhen's power is rising. He is unifying Xiangxi by force, instead of Tian Ying's imperial edict, becoming the commander-in-chief of Xiangxi and the "King of Xiangxi". Under such armed pressure, Chen Quzhen first forced Lin Dexuan to withdraw from Xiangxi, while He Long led the troops to stay in Sangzhi. Chen Xian sent his right-wing commander Li Ang to ambush He Long during his elite tour, and was defeated by He Long. Then, he appointed his confidant Xiao as the magistrate of Sangzhi County, lobbying He Long to join the partnership. A few days later, He Long received two letters of authorization, one from Chen Quzhen, appointing him as the detachment commander and stationed in Yuanling; The other was sent by Prince Qian, the commander of Lizhou, and he was appointed as the head of the team. He Long saw two wanted orders and thought that he had no contact with Chen Quzhen; In Wuchang Shouyi, Wang Zi led the Wuzi Army to outsmart Jingzhou. In the battle to wipe out the last Qing army, he was praised by Dr. Sun Yat-sen as "brave enough to fight", and He Long finally decided to accept Wang Zi's letter of appointment.
1July, 920, a mutiny occurred in Xiangxi. Shortly after Tan went to Hunan for the third time, he ordered Qingheng, the deputy governor of Lizhou, to kill him on the way to Cili and seized the power of the governor of Lizhou. Wang is his son, vowing to avenge his father. On July 26th, 7,000 troops gathered at the Dongyue Temple in Cili, and began to cry bitterly, claiming to be the commander-in-chief of Jing Guojun, and sent people to Sangzhi to invite He Long to send troops to fight. He Long and Qingheng have a long history. When the king saw the request, he set out to Cili and joined forces to capture Cili. At He Long's suggestion, he sent representatives to Guangdong to meet Sun Yat-sen, and requested to send Lin Xiumei to Xiangxi to lead the troops. With Sun Yat-sen's approval, Lin Xiumei took the oath of office in Cili, became the commander-in-chief of Xiangxi Jingguo Army, and appointed He Long as the head of the third echelon of Xiangxi Jingguo Army. In mid-June, 5438+10, Lin Xiumei sent troops to Changde, with He Long troops as the vanguard, and fought fiercely for three days to conquer Changde. Tan rallied his forces to counterattack, fought for several months and began to be outnumbered. After the failure of this operation, Lin Xiumei resigned and left Hunan for Wuhan, and He Long led the troops back to Sangzhi. At this time, Chen Quzhen, who has completely mastered the military and political power in Xiangxi, finally persuaded He Long to appoint He Long as the commander of the second detachment of Xiangxi Reconnaissance Army, under the right-wing commander Leon. The two men were stationed in Changde at that time.
At that time, there were 1.8 million hungry people in eight counties, including Baojing, Longshan, Yongshun and Sangzhi. Thousands of miles away, the wailing is deafening. In Chen Quzhen, porridge sheds are widely set up to help the victims. Now, people don't say anything bad about Chen Quzhen. Since then, Chen Quzhen has gained a firm foothold in Xiangxi. One day, Liangshan, north of Changde City, was in full bloom. Chen Quzhen and He Long went to Liangshan with a few followers. Liangshan, also known as Sun Mountain, was named after the competition in the Tang Dynasty. They walked slowly, talking about world affairs. When it comes to the warlords who bring disaster to the country and the people, they all gnash their teeth and hate their guts. When it comes to the people's hunger and cold, they all express their deep sympathy. Near the top of the mountain, there is a Ma Yuan Temple of Fu Bo, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, which has long been dilapidated. Chen Quzhen pointed to the temple and talked about Ma Yuan coming back from collecting his toes. He was stationed on this mountain, but he was slandered by a villain and eventually dismissed. Chen Quzhen said with a sigh: "Bad politics, narrow-minded people monopolize power, their loyalty is damaged, and the people suffer. These years, I went to Kangzang, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Wanshui, Qian Shan. Everywhere I go, people's lives are in trouble. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, it was time to revitalize the country, but it remained the same. Yuan Shikai's bones are rotten, but the country is still in chaos. " He Long said, "Yes, I thought that as long as one Yuan Shikai was moved down, the country would be fine. Now it seems that we are too naive. I hope that Mr. Sun's ideal can be realized. " Soon, Feng Yuxiang was the commander of Changde and moved to Changde. Sangzhi has a colonel named Ma stationed under Tian Yingzhao. This man does all kinds of evil. He Long and Chen Quzhen troops left Changde, led by He Long, took the opportunity to return to Sangzhi, drove away the horsehead, and continued to recruit in Sangzhi. 192 1 year, Sun Yat-sen sent Shi Qingyang to contact the old army in eastern Sichuan to organize troops. After receiving the order, Shi Qingyang took Lingling, crossed Hengshan, passed Changsha and Lichenyuan, and entered East Sichuan. 1922 At the beginning of the year, Shi Qingyang flew to Xiangxi again, and both of them were very happy to see Chen Quzhen. It turns out that Chen Quzhen and Shi Qingyang were members of the League in their early years. After failing to find Yuan, he returned to Phoenix and Shi Qingyang fled to Japan. Shi Qingyang explained to Chen Quzhen the purpose of summoning troops to follow Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition, and Chen Quzhen immediately recommended He Long.
Chen Quzhen wily, know that He Long is supporting Sun Yat-sen, won the respect of Xiangxi people, often worried that he stayed in Xiangxi for a long time, will eventually become a heart attack. Shi Qingyang borrowed soldiers. He thought he could take this opportunity to accommodate himself and send He Long out of Xiangxi. He Long always followed Sun Yat-sen, and Shi Qingyang was ordered by Sun Yat-sen, the stronghold of the Northern Expedition, to join Sichuan to organize revolutionary forces. He can help the Northern Expedition by recruiting thieves, which is not desirable. In addition, it was a good opportunity to get rid of Chen Quzhen's control in front of him, so he did it with pleasure. Shi Qingyang also knew He Long's name and was overjoyed. Therefore, He Long was appointed as the head of the independent regiment of the East Sichuan Frontier Defense Corps. Later, He Long wrote in his autobiography, "Chen Quzhen felt that I was too threatening to him and ordered me to go to Sichuan with Shi Qingyang. I asked Chen Quzhen for a formal order, but Chen Quzhen refused. After entering Shu, Chen Quzhen telegraphed Zhao Hengti that He Long had defected. " From then on, He Long went out of Hunan, joined the * * * production party, fought bloody battles for decades, and became the first generation marshal of new China. And it is precisely because of this friendship with the countryside and the concept of knowing each other as heroes that Chen Quzhen has the principle of "restraining * * * and not restraining congratulations". Whenever he fought against the Red Army led by He Long, he always adopted the strategy of fighting while making peace. When He Long's army occupied Chen's fan, Kerwin Chen gave way, and even He Long's team was in trouble, Kerwin Chen generously came to the rescue.