China's four classical novels, referred to as the four classical novels for short, refer to The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Four Great Classical Novels is a rare classic in the history of China literature and a valuable cultural heritage shared by China and even all mankind. These four masterpieces are inseparable in the history of China literature, and they all have high literary level and artistic achievements. The detailed description and profound thoughts contained in it have been praised by readers of all ages, and the stories, scenes and characters in it have deeply influenced the concepts and values of Chinese people. It can be described as four monuments in the history of China literature.
This is classical Chinese
China's first vernacular novel is Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. Four classical novels appeared in the Qing Dynasty and before. As we all know, the previous articles were written in classical Chinese, and now vernacular Chinese is widely used. However, there are also vernacular versions in Four Great Classical Novels, and most of them are in vernacular.
China's four classical novels, referred to as four classical novels for short, refer to A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Four Great Classical Novels, The Journey to the West. Four Great Classical Novels is a classic in the history of China literature and a precious cultural heritage in the world.
These four masterpieces are inseparable in the history of China literature, and they all have high literary level and artistic achievements. The detailed description and profound thoughts contained in it have been praised by readers of all ages, and the stories, scenes and characters in it have deeply influenced the concepts and values of Chinese people. It can be described as four monuments in the history of China literature.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Full name: Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Author: Luo Guanzhong [9] (about1330-about 1400), with a real name, a literary talent, and a penetrating character. Writers and dramatists in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Luo Guanzhong was born in the social unrest at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He had his own political ideals, did not agree with the secular, and took part in the anti-Yuan uprising. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, he devoted himself to literary creation. He is the author of novels such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, Biography of Three Demons in Suiping, Fanzhuanglou, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin co-authored with Shi Naian, and Zhao Taizu's plays such as Dragon and Tiger Club, Serial of Loyalty and Filial Piety, and Three Pingzhang Crying for No Reason.
Introduction: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms combines the folklore, drama scripts, historical materials written by Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms, Ye Fan's History of the Later Han Dynasty, the History of the Three Kingdoms in the Yuan Dynasty and Pei Songzhi's annotations, as well as the author's personal understanding of social life. At present, the earliest edition is Ming Jiajing edition, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 articles. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son made some modifications and became the most common transcript of 120.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China's first novel.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan and ends with Sima Jia destroying Wu Jinkai. Mainly describing the war, it reflects the political and military struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu political groups, shows the historical situation of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, and successfully created a group of heroes.
The Water Margin?
Author: Shi Naian (1296- 1370), who is the author of Water Margin has always been controversial. At present, the most widely accepted view is that the author is Shi Naian. There are several other viewpoints in history, including Luo Guanzhong's theory, Shi Hui's theory, Guo Xun's theory of using another name, and Song Dynasty's theory. [ 10]
Brief introduction: The story of Water Margin originated in the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and 36 people including Song Jiang, Wu Jialiang (Wu Yong) and Chao Gai rebelled, which became the blueprint of Water Margin.
The Water Margin is the first ancient vernacular novel in the history of China. It takes the rebel army led by Song Jiang as the main theme, and reveals the decay and cruelty of the ruling class in the late Northern Song Dynasty through a series of vivid stories of Liangshan heroes' resistance to oppression and heroic struggle.
Jin Shengtan's Comments on The Fifth Talented Man's Book and The Water Margin
At that time, sharp social contradictions and the cruel reality of "officials forcing the people to rebel".
Because there are many versions of Water Margin, it spreads widely and has different stories, which can be roughly divided into two systems: simplified version and simplified version. The simplified version and the simplified version are more detailed and widely circulated, and are mainly divided into 70 volumes (the plot after the lack of justice) and 100 volumes (the plots of Liao and Fang La after enlistment). Among them, 120, also known as The Complete Biography of the Water Margin, is the most complete story book of the Water Margin at present.
[Literary Works] Journey to the West
Author: Wu Cheng'en (150 1 year-1582), a native of Sheyang Mountain. China was an outstanding novelist in Ming Dynasty. He was born in poverty, from a scholar to a businessman. Wu Cheng'en was brilliant since childhood, and Huai 'an County Records recorded that he was "sensitive, wise and knowledgeable, which made him a writer." However, his scientific examination was unfavorable, and he didn't make up for the "year-old tribute student" until middle age, and then he lived in Nanjing for a long time and subsidized his family by selling literature. In his later years, due to his poor family, he became a county magistrate in Changxing. Because he didn't like the darkness of officialdom, he quickly resigned angrily and died of poverty.
[Literary Works] Journey to the West
There are some controversies about the author of The Journey to the West, but it is generally believed that the author is Wu Cheng'en.
Introduction: The Journey to the West adapted from the story of Tang Priest's scriptures, related scripts and zaju (written by Yang Ne in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty).
The first seven chapters of Journey to the West described the story of the Monkey King's birth, such as making a scene in heaven. After that, he wrote the story of the Monkey King following the Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures and exorcising demons and overcoming difficulties along the way. The images of Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand in the book are vivid, large in scale and complete in structure. The Journey to the West is full of Buddhist colors, with far-reaching implications and different opinions. It can be appreciated from the perspectives of Buddhism, Taoism and vulgarity, and it is a great romantic literary work in Chinese classical novels.
When The Journey to the West appeared in the early Ming Dynasty, he was listed as a banned book, because the book was full of ideas of worshipping Buddhism and restraining Taoism, which conflicted with the Taoist ideas believed by the Ming emperors at that time.
A Dream in Red Mansions
Original names: A Dream of Red Mansions, Twelve Women in Jinling, Yue Feng Treasures, etc.
Dream of Red Mansions
Author: Cao Xueqin (about 17 15- about 1763), whose real name is Zhan, whose real name is Qin Pu. Novelist, poet and painter in Qing Dynasty. Cao Xueqin experienced a luxurious and romantic life in Nanjing Jiangning Weaving Institute in his early years. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), the Cao family was robbed of their property because of a deficit, and Cao Xueqin moved back to his former residence in Beijing with his family. Later, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing and made a living by selling calligraphy and painting and helping his friends. Cao Xueqin has an open mind and a wide range of hobbies. He has studied epigraphy, poetry, painting, gardening, Chinese medicine, darning, craft and diet. With perseverance and years of hardships, he finally created a great work with great ideological and artistic quality-A Dream of Red Mansions.
Gao E (1758—— about 18 15), whose real name is marble, whose real name is Qiu Fu, alias is Lan Shu, Xing Yi, and the history of the red chamber. China's classic novel A Dream of Red Mansions, the first printed edition in the history of communication, is one of the two main editors, collators and publishers of Cheng Gaoben. Born in Santaizi, Shenyang, he worked in Gao E, Tieling and Fengtian Gao E. He lived in Beijing in the early Qing Dynasty.
Gao E was promoted in the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), and was a scholar in Qianlong for sixty years (1795). He has served as a cabinet official, a Chinese military attache, a cabinet chief, The Cabinetshi Read, a Taoist supervisor in the south of the Yangtze River and a criminal officer. There are some works handed down from generation to generation, such as The Last Manuscript of Yueshanlou, Mo Xiang Ci and Storing Grass.
From the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (179 1) to the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), Gao E was invited by his good friend Cheng Weiyuan to assist in editing, sorting out and publishing Cheng Jiaben and Cheng Yiben of A Dream of Red Mansions. Since Hu Shi's textual research, the redology has long believed that the last forty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions are Gao E's sequels, and this view has been criticized more and more strongly in the 2 1 century. Since 2007, the new edition of A Dream of Red Mansions by People's Literature Publishing House no longer uses the words "Gao E's works" and "Gao E's sequel", but updates it to "anonymous sequel, arrangement by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E", which indicates that Gao E's theory of sequel has been shaken. Yu Pingbo's last words: "Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E saved the Dream of Red Mansions!" Zhang Qingshan, president of China Red Society, pointed out: "Gao E should not be a sequel to A Dream of Red Mansions, he should be the organizer of its final publication ... Gao E is the first contributor to its spread."
Introduction: A Dream of Red Mansions is a novel with chapters. In the early days, only the first 80 manuscripts were circulated, and some of them were not completed after 80, and the manuscripts were lost. Formerly known as "Re-evaluation of Stone Story by Zhi Yanzhai". Cheng Weiyuan invited Gao E to coordinate the publication of the first book 120, and named it A Dream of Red Mansions. There is also a version of "Jinyuyuan".
A Dream of Red Mansions focuses on the emotional entanglements among Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai, and tells the people and events that happened in the feudal family of a fictional dynasty. Through the description of some daily events, taking the twelve women in Jinling as the main body, it reflects the love and hate of all women in Jiafu Grand View Garden. At the same time, from the rich and gorgeous Jiafu to the declining line, it reflects the decline of a large family and the ugliness within this seemingly gorgeous family.
A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedic novel, which vividly describes the whole life of China's feudal society in the first half of the 8th century. It makes full use of all the excellent traditional techniques of calligraphy, painting, poetry, songs, music and other literature and arts, and shows a tragedy of social life.
The outstanding achievement of A Dream of Red Mansions in ideological content and artistic skills has not only become an insurmountable peak of China's novel literature in China. It has also attracted the attention and research of scholars from many countries in the world.
Where is the vernacular version of Four Great Classical Novels? Xinhua Bookstore
The vernacular Chinese of the four classical novels still depends on the original works. Look at it twice if you don't understand it. After reading it twice, I think it's better to read the original.
Four vernacular classical novels: Chinese. Pku.edu./wenxianzl/zhongwai/Chinese/index.htm read online.
: 52 e-books. /search.aspx download illustrations.
: 52 e-books. /book_7224。 The following is a review of A Dream of Red Mansions by Zhi Yanzhai.
: 52 e-books. /book_5952。 This is the city of the Three Kingdoms evaluated by Mao Zonggang.
: 52 e-books. /book_8572。 This is the Water Margin.
: 52 e-books. /book_443。 This is a journey to the west.
Is it better for middle school students in Four Great Classical Novels to read classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese? Four Great Classical Novels belongs to the classical Chinese which is close to the vernacular, so it should not be too difficult for the junior one students now. However, it is difficult to fully understand the contents. It is suggested to select several classics from them and study them carefully, feel the theme and writing characteristics inside, and then read through the full text. Otherwise, reading it is the same as not reading it, and even misunderstanding the facts because you don't understand it.
How much is the original classical Chinese in Four Great Classical Novels? Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese formed since the pre-Qin period.
Although Four Great Classical Novels's language is different from modern Chinese, it was written in the vernacular at that time, not in classical Chinese.
No matter what version, Four Great Classical Novels is written in Ming and Qing vernacular, and there is no classical Chinese version.
Do you want to read the classical Chinese version of the four classical novels again? Private letter. Well, I want to remind the landlord that there is no "classical Chinese version" in the four classical novels.
Because it's called early vernacular
Four Great Classical Novels has a vernacular version, which is better, the classical Chinese version or the vernacular version? Classical Chinese can probably be read and understood. Classical Chinese is more attractive, and vernacular Chinese is more popular and easy to understand. Both have their own advantages.
The four classical novels, also known as the four novels, refer to China's four classical novels, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Water Margin and Dream of Red Mansions, which are rare works in China literature. These four works are enduring, and they are rare works in China literature. These stories and scenes have deeply influenced the concepts and values of China people. All the four works have a high artistic level, and their meticulous descriptions and ideas have been praised by readers of all ages.
One:
The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan and ends with Sima Jia destroying Wu Jinkai. It describes the situation of Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the founding history of the Jin Dynasty. The characters are simple, profound, tortuous and huge.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China's novels entered a new period, especially Zhang Hui's novels entered a perfect stage. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, China's first classical novel, was born and swept the world through the pen of Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period. He has made great achievements in the history of China literature development. At the same time, it also adds brilliant brilliance to the treasure house of world literature.
Two:
The works of Journey to the West are based on the stories of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures, related scripts and zaju (written by Yang Ne in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty). Seven times before the Journey to the West, the Monkey King was born, and there was a story about the Palace of Heaven. After that, he wrote the story of the Monkey King following the Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures and exorcising demons and overcoming difficulties along the way. The Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand in the book are vivid, large-scale and complete in structure, and they are great romantic literary works in Chinese classical novels.
The content is divided into three parts: the first part (one to seven times) introduces the Monkey King's magical power, causing havoc in Heaven; The second part (eight to twelve times) tells the reason why Sanzang learned the scriptures; The third part (chapters 13 to 100) is the main body of the whole story, and it is written that Wukong and others finally arrived in the Western Heaven to retrieve the scriptures.
Three:
The Water Margin was created by the author on the basis of the legacy of Xuanhe and related scripts and stories. The main theme of the book is to describe the peasant war, and to create Liangshan heroes such as Song Jiang, Wu Yong, jy, Lin Chong and Lu, and to reveal the social contradictions at that time. The story is tortuous, the language is vivid, and the characters are vivid, which has high artistic achievements.
Shi Naian's novel Water Margin has extremely vivid life scenes and colorful characters. There are 108 heroes with different identities and temperament, which is a wonderful flower in China's ancient novels. The essay "Four Classical Novels of Water Margin Painted by Famous Artists" integrates 293 Chinese paintings, which are jointly drawn by 4 1 Chinese painting masters such as Dai Guobang, He Youzhi and Chen Baiyi. All painters have painted vivid life scenes, vivid characters and far-reaching significance.
Four:
A Dream of Red Mansions, with its rich content, tortuous plot, profound ideological understanding and exquisite artistic techniques, has become the pinnacle of China's most accomplished classical novel and Zhang Hui's novel, so that a work constitutes an academic independent research discipline-A Dream of Red Mansions, which is extremely rare in the history of world literature.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Gao E lived in Beijing. When I was a teenager, I liked swimming. Middle-aged people were once in the classroom. He is familiar with the history of classics and has written eight-part essays. He is also quite familiar with poetry, novels, operas, paintings and epigraphy. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty was prosperous, and its style was close to that of Huajian School. In this paper, "Ci must be based on its origin, and it must be refined with sincerity", which emphasizes the importance of meaning. He is keen on being an official and tries hard. He worked for 53 years before trying to be a juror in Shuntian Township (1788). Sixty years of Jinshi. Cabinet Book of Li Guan, The Cabinetshi Read. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), the examiner of Shuntian Township Examination. Fourteen years, the censor chose Jiangnan Road to supervise the censor. Eighteen years, promoted to criminal division. During his tenure, he was known as "honest and clean, diligent in political affairs and brilliant". In his later years, his family was poor and his official was cold. Therefore, although the works are like forests, they are rarely published and end with ambition. The last forty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions were written by Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan. However, in 2000, it was believed that the last forty chapters were written by Anonymous. Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan are just editors.