Wang Xizhi's representative works include: Huang Tingjing in regular script, On Le Yi, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt, Gua for Quick Snow, Gua for Funeral, Preface to Lanting Collection, etc. Among them, Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers of all ages and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jian is good at following the laws of Li, Cao, Kai and Xing, carefully studying the shape, imitating the shape with his heart, learning from others' strengths, preparing everything in one furnace, getting rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei Dynasties, and becoming a family of his own, which has far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, and his brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and graceful. Later generations commented: "If you float in the clouds, you will be surprised by the moss", "Yue Long Tianmen, the tiger lies in the phoenix pavilion" and "Nature is natural, and the abundant gods cover all generations", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations.
Mourning column
It's sunny when it snows fast.
Seventeen stickers (partial)
Wang Xizhi seldom learned books from his uncle, and later from Mrs. Wei. He can see famous calligraphers since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhang Zhi in cursive script and Zhong You in orthography. His brushwork is open and handsome, and his structure is rigorous. As a national treasure, Emperor Taizong called on the world to copy his handwriting, and his calligraphy became an authentic style instead of Han and Wei brushwork. In the past, all kinds of inscriptions were engraved with seal script or official script, and Wang Xizhi's later calligraphy can also be engraved. It is said that Li Shimin was buried with his running script Preface to Lanting, which was handed down from generation to generation as a manuscript.
In the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 4/kloc-0 people were in Lanting, Shaoxing, drinking and composing poems, and improvising the Preface to Xi. This is the famous Preface to Lanting Collection. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world".
In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (355), Wang died of illness, abandoned his official position and moved to Jinting with his son Cao. Build a library, plant mulberry, teach children, write poems, and do calligraphy and painting entertainment. And with Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and other celebrities, all over the landscape. Since Wang settled in Jinting, calligraphy has risen. His descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are hung all over the hall and study, so they are called "Huayuan Painting Hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang" and have been calling it so ever since. Wang Xizhi's remains are all over the county. Duxiu Mountain, west of Shengli West, is Wang Xizhi's reading place, and the plaque of "Old Tour Place of Right Army" is hung in guanyin temple on the mountain. The main temple in Taoyuan Township is built in the foothills, with Wang Youjun as the township owner. Xizhiping of Lushan Mountain in the north of Shengsheng, Yin Qing Temple in the east of Shengsheng, and Wanghanling at the junction of Shengsheng, etc. They are all places for Wang's recreation, and there are still traces to be found so far.
In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (36 1), Wang was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain), and the home of the fifth Sun Heng was Jinting Temple, and the site still exists. During the reign of Liang Datong (535-546), Sun Jianyou Temple was built in front of the tomb, and a bookstore and Mo Chi were built beside the temple. Tang Peitong is the author of Jin Ting Guan Jin Youjun Bookstore Mo Chi's Book. In the seventh year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 1 1), Sun Zhiyong, a seven-monk, instructed his disciple Shang Gao (Shaomen of Yongxin Temple in Xing Wu) to go to the Jinting to pay homage to the grave, and wrote an exhibition on the Tomb of Waterfall Mountain to erect a monument in front of the grave. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Tuguan erected a monument to the right of the tomb. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), the stone tablet of "Wang Jin You Jun Tomb" was rebuilt, and it still exists today. In the winter of the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), Wang's successor built the memorial archway of the right army in Jintingguan, which is still well preserved.
anecdote
Choose a husband in an oriental bed.
At the age of twenty, A Qiu Chi Jian sent someone to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. At that time, people paid attention to family status, and the door was right. When Wang Dao's son and nephew heard that Qiu's family was coming to propose marriage, they all dressed up in disguise, hoping to be selected. Only Wang Xizhi, as if he didn't hear anything, was lying on the bamboo couch in the east, eating baked wheat cakes in one hand and painting clothes in the other. When people came back, they reported what they saw to Xi Taiwei. When he knew that there was a quiet Wang Xizhi leaning on the east couch, he couldn't help clapping his hands and cheering. This is the son-in-law I want! So Chi Jian married his daughter Xi Jun to Wang Xizhi. This story has become two allusions of "East Bed" and "Lingtan".
Wang Xizhi writes with a pool of water.
When Wang Xizhi was young, he practiced calligraphy very hard. It is said that he practiced calligraphy with a broken brush and piled it into a hill, which people called "Pen Mountain". There is a small swimming pool next to his home. He often washes brushes and inkstones in this pool. Later, the water in the small pool turned black, so people called this small pool "Mo Chi".
Wang Xizhi writes about white geese.
Wang Xizhi was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was born in the gentry, and with his outstanding talent, all the ministers in the court recommended him to be an official. He is the secretariat and general of the right army (people also call him Wang Youjun). Wang Xizhi loved writing since he was a child. It is said that when I usually walk, I also practice writing with my fingers at any time. After a long time, even the clothes were cut. When I was an official, I practiced calligraphy and washed pens from the pool in the backyard. Over time, the pool was dark. After studying hard and practicing hard, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy became more and more famous. People at that time regarded his calligraphy as a treasure. It is said that once, Wang Xizhi went to a village. An old woman went to a charity sale with a basket of hexagonal bamboo fans. That kind of bamboo fan is very simple, without any decoration, which can't attract the interest of passers-by. It seems that it can't be sold, and the old woman is very anxious. Seeing this situation, Wang Xizhi felt sorry for the old woman, so he went up to her and said, "You can't sell this bamboo fan because there are no pictures or words on it." How about I write an inscription for you? " The old woman doesn't know Wang Xizhi. Seeing his enthusiasm, she wrote him a bamboo fan. Wang Xizhi took a pen, wrote five words on each fan and gave them back to the old woman. The old woman can't read, and she feels that his handwriting is scrawled, so she is very unhappy. Wang Xizhi comforted her and said, "Don't worry. You told the fan buyer that it was written by Wang Youjun. " As soon as Wang Xizhi left, the old woman did as he said. Collectors rushed to buy Wang Youjun's calligraphy after seeing it. A basket of bamboo fans soon sold out.
Many artists have their own hobbies, some love to grow flowers and some love to keep birds. But Wang Xizhi has his special hobbies. Wang Xizhi loves geese. He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some gestures of geese. Where there are good geese, he is interested in seeing them, or buying them to enjoy. There is a Taoist in Yinshan. He asked Wang Xizhi to write the Tao Te Ching for him. But he knew that Wang Xizhi would not copy scriptures for others easily. Later, he found that Wang Xizhi liked white geese, so he specially raised a number of geese with good varieties. One day, Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi went to Shaoxing by boat. When they arrived at Xianshui Village, they saw a flock of white geese on the shore. Wang Xizhi was fascinated and asked if these geese were raised by Taoist priests. The geese in the river are floating leisurely, and the white feathers set off a high red top, which is really cute. Wang Xizhi watched by the river and was reluctant to leave, so he sent someone to find a Taoist priest and asked to sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said with a smile, "Since the princes love eating so much, they don't have to spend any money. I'll give you all these geese. But I have a request, that is, please write a volume of scriptures for me. " Wang Xizhi longed for the goose and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. He did not hesitate to copy a scroll of scriptures for the Taoist priest, and the white goose was taken back by Wang Xizhi.
Wang Xizhi taught his son to learn calligraphy.
Wang Xianzhi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, was smart and studious since childhood. He is good at cursive script and official script, and he is good at painting. He began to learn calligraphy at the age of seven or eight and studied under his father. On one occasion, Wang Xizhi saw that Xianzhi was practicing calligraphy attentively, so he quietly walked behind him and suddenly reached out to draw a brush in his hand. Xianzhi held the pen tightly and was not pulled out. The father was very happy and praised: "This son is going to be famous again." Xiaoxian was smug after hearing this. Another time, a friend of Xizhi asked Xian to write on a fan, and then he wrote with a brush. Suddenly, the pen fell on the fan and polluted the words. Xiaoxian had a brainwave and a calf came alive on the fan. In addition, people are full of praise for the calligraphy and painting provided, and the small quotation has cultivated pride. It was thoughtful of his parents to see this scene ... One day, Xiao Xianzhi asked his mother Xi, "I only need to write for another three years, right?" Mom shook her head. "Five years of head office?" Mother shook her head again. I was anxious and said to my mother, "How long do you think it will take?" "Remember, after you write this 18 jar of water in the yard, your handwriting will be strong, and you will stand straight." My father stood behind him when I turned around. Wang Xianzhi refused to accept it and said nothing. He gritted his teeth for five years and showed his father a lot of written words, hoping to hear a few words of praise. Who knows, Wang Xizhi shook his head one by one. When the word "big" was raised, my father showed a satisfied expression, filled in a dot casually under the word "big", and then returned all the manuscripts to the dedication. Xiaoxian was still not satisfied, so he showed all his calligraphy to his mother and said, "I practiced for another five years, completely according to my father's words." Look carefully, what's the difference between my dad and me? " Mother really looked at it carefully for three days, and finally pointed to the point added by Wang Xizhi under the word "big" and sighed and said, "My son has worn out three tanks of water, only a little like Xihe." After listening to this, he was very discouraged and said weakly, "It's difficult! If this continues, when will there be good results? " Seeing that his arrogance had disappeared, his mother encouraged him to say, "Son, as long as you work hard, there is no river you can't cross or mountain you can't climb. As long as you keep practicing as you have in recent years, you will certainly achieve your goal! " After listening to the dedication, I was deeply moved and kept practicing. Everything comes to him who waits. He used 18 buckets of water to practice calligraphy, and calligraphy made rapid progress. Later, Wang Xianzhi's writing reached the level of penetrating paper and perfection. His ci is juxtaposed with Wang Xizhi and is called "Two Kings".
Wang Xizhi's apprentice in Tiantai Mountain
Wang Xizhi came to Tiantai Mountain before Lanting was rebuilt, and was attracted by the magical and beautiful scenery of Tiantai Mountain, so he rebelled at home. He enjoyed the sunrise and the wonders of clouds, waves and fog, which polished his calligraphy. He kept practicing calligraphy, washing pens and inkstones, and even dyed a pool of crystal clear water black. This is the origin of Mo Chi's name. One night, Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy under the lamp and practiced. He wrote one blank sheet after another and spread it all over the floor. Late at night, he looked and thought word for word. He is not satisfied with what he writes. He reads and practices. He was really tired of practicing, so he took a pen and fell on the table. Suddenly, a breeze blew and a white cloud floated by. On the cloud, an old man with a silver beard smiled at him and said, "Your handwriting is good!" " ""where, where! " Wang Xizhi offered to sit down and answered modestly. Seeing the old man carefully looking at his handwriting, he asked, "Lao Zhang, please correct me." The old man saw Wang Xizhi's sincerity and said, "Hold out your hand." Wang Xizhi doesn't know what the old man is going to do. Seeing that the old man was serious and didn't like joking, he slowly reached over. The old man took the pen and said with a smile, "I think you are sincere in learning to write, so that you can understand a pen formula, which will work in the future." The old man finished, wrote a word on Wang Xizhi's palm, then nodded and said, "You will make faster progress." Say and go. Wang Xizhi quickly shouted, "Where is your husband's home?" I only heard a faint voice in the air: "White clouds on the roof …" Wang Xizhi saw that the word "forever" was in his palm. He compared, rowed, wrote and practiced, and finally realized that the strokes and shelf structure of square characters are all embodied in the word "forever". Teacher Baiyun's teaching is really a good pen! From then on, Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy harder, and his calligraphy was more free and easy, which was wonderful. Later, Wang Xizhi returned to Shaoxing, met with literary friends in Lanting, and wrote the calligraphy treasure "Preface to Lanting". Wang Xizhi never forgot the word "forever" written by Mr. Baiyun in Tiantai Mountain. He wrote a book "Yellow Seam Cave" in good faith and put it in an abrupt and steep cave on the top of the mountain, which was later called "Yellow Seam Cave". Today, some bold tourists have to climb the Huangjing Cave to see if Wang Xizhi's Huang Ting Jing is still hidden in the cave!
Eat dumplings
One day, Wang Xizhi passed by the market and saw a shop called Jiaozi. There is a lot of noise and excitement. In particular, the two couplets by the door are particularly eye-catching. On the horizontal plaque "Duck jiaozi Store", the words "Don't cross here, know the taste and come here often" are written. But the handwriting is dull and weak, lacking in kung fu. After reading it, Wang Xizhi thought: Is this word worthy of inscription on the plaque? Another thought: "If you can't pass this level, you will know the taste. Come often." -Boy! Who the hell is buying and selling here, boasting so much? Looking closely, I saw a cauldron with boiling water in it, which was located next to a low wall. Jiaozi wrapped in white flour, like white birds, flew over the wall one by one and landed in the boiling cauldron. When the pot is full, the bird will be grounded without saying hello. When this pot of jiaozi was cooked and fished out, the "birds" flew in a line again, exactly. Wang Xizhi was surprised, took out some scattered silver coins, asked for a big bowl of jiaozi and sat down. Only then did he discover that jiaozi was delicate and delicate, like a duck swimming in the water. This is an amazing product! He picked up jiaozi with chopsticks, slowly put it in his mouth and took a gentle bite. Suddenly, the smell was fragrant and delicious. Before I knew it, I swallowed the big bowl of jiaozi. After a hearty meal, Wang Xizhi said to himself, This duck jiaozi is really delicious! It's just that the handwriting of the couplet at the door is too poor to deserve this delicious jiaozi. Why don't I, Wang Xizhi, take this opportunity to write another couplet for them and live up to my visit here? Thinking of this, he asked the clerk, "Where is the shopkeeper?" The clerk pointed to the low wall and said, "Hui Xianggong, the shopkeeper is behind the wall." Wang Xizhi bypassed the low wall and saw a white-haired old woman sitting in front of the panel, rolling dumpling skins and wrapping dumpling stuffing alone. In the blink of an eye, the action is extremely fast. Stranger still, after the bag was finished, the white-haired old woman threw jiaozi at the low wall, and jiaozi the duck climbed over the wall one by one. Wang Xizhi was stunned by the old man's superb skills. He hurried forward and asked, "Old man, with your deep kung fu, how long will you have to practice?" The old man replied, "To tell you the truth, it takes fifty years to master it, and it takes a lifetime to master it." Hearing this, Wang Xizhi was silent for a while, as if he were savoring this sentence. Then he asked, "You are so skilled, why don't you ask someone to write a better one at the door?" The old man said very enthusiastically; ""xianggong "don't know, not the old woman don't want to please, but not please! Some people are only famous for their writing, but their eyes are upward, so they don't want to write for us ordinary people. In fact, in my opinion, their writing skills are not as deep as I throw jiaozi! " The old man's words don't necessarily refer to Wang Xizhi, but Wang Xizhi felt annoyed and ashamed when he heard it. Finally, he specially wrote a pair of couplets and respectfully gave them to the old man.
Wang Xi zhi mai pawn
Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, loves traveling and walks into natural scenery. That spring, he went to Hangzhou to visit his friends, walked to the ground in Suzhou, stepped on a stone bridge and looked around. He saw a small village ahead. The fluttering wine flag flickered in the afterglow of the sunset, and the kitchen smoke rose slowly from the small roof. What a beautiful picture this is. He stayed for a while and stopped at the bridge. When the moon rises, the village is hazy.
I woke up the next day and suddenly felt my head was heavy. When I went back to the library and lay down, I was ill. Shu Tong invited a famous doctor from Suzhou to treat Wang Xizhi. Wang Xizhi was ill for a whole month. I have spent all my expenses when I am away from home, so I can't go to Hangzhou to see my friends. What should I do? He thought about it and suddenly remembered that there was a pawnshop opposite his hotel. He remembered that the word "pawn" had been worn out. Why don't I write it as a pawn? It's a good idea, so I asked for extreme paper and ink. He wrote a pawn for a nerd to be. The price is thirty taels of silver, not a penny less. The book came to the pawnshop with great anger and unfolded Wang Xizhi's handwriting. When the boss saw that it was really a good word, he asked how much it was. The bookworm said that 30 taels of silver is not enough for a penny. The boss looked at it carefully and said, "A good word is a good word, but it's not worth it if you are sick."
The extremely boy came back and told Wang Xizhi what the boss had said. Wang Xizhi said, "Hey, I respect you. You are a cow. Very good! I'll write another one. " Wang Xizhi wrote another word, which was taken by a bookish person. The boss read it and said, "This pawn is much more powerful than that, only loneliness and anger. That's it, I'll take it. " Give extremely thirty taels of silver With money, Wang Xizhi can go on the road again. When he came to Hangzhou, he met a friend who set a table of good wine for Wang Xizhi. A relative of a friend here opened a pawnshop and wanted to ask Wang Xizhi to write a pawn as a signboard. Wang Xizhi said, "I wrote a pawn. Go and get it back." Wang Xizhi took out the pawn ticket and handed it to the man. The man took the silver and looked at Suzhou. When I arrived in Suzhou, I met the pawnbroker, and I was going back to pawn. The boss thought he was crazy when he heard that he was not a local and wanted to be a pawn after running so far. The boss tried to cheat him when he saw that the pawn ticket was real. He pulled up his abacus and charged him 40 taels with interest. The man took out 40 taels and gave it to the boss. The boss was puzzled and obviously lied to him, but he happily took out 40 taels of silver and redeemed it. I asked him, "Excuse me, what is precious about this word?" The man said, "This is the original work of Wang Xizhi, a great contemporary calligrapher. Your old gentleman has eyes but doesn't know gold and jade, hum! Goodbye! " The boss is anxious. Shouted: "Come back, I'll take 50 taels of silver as your pawn, or 100 taels, 100 taels!" The man wouldn't listen. He went back to Hangzhou, met Wang Xizhi, and made a pawn. Wang Xizhi took it and didn't even look. "Chen Wenjing" tore the word to pieces twice. Unfortunately, that man didn't have time to save the pawn. Wang Xizhi said with a smile: "The most important thing for a businessman is a word' harmony', and harmony makes money. This word was written when I was in a bad mood and lost my temper after my illness. It is not good to be a little angry. I'll write you another one now, and I'm sure you can make a fortune by hanging it out. " As a result, friends in Hangzhou exhibited paper and ink, and Wang Xizhi was lucky enough to write a big word' dang'. All the friends present were amazed, and everyone praised the word as excellent. This pawn was carved by a senior craftsman and hung on Hangzhou thoroughfare avenue, which was very conspicuous. Since then, business has been very lively. Since then, Hangzhou pawnshop has become the most famous pawnshop in China.
Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is also called Preface to Lanting Collection, Preface to He Lin, Preface to Zan and Zan Tie.