Nanshan is a famous mountain, located on the other side of Nanxun River in the county. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Xiangzhi wrote "Ji Sheng in the Ground": "Nanshan is surrounded by four mountains, and Tianshui is the same color, which is the place where Shang Xun wins." Halfway up the mountain, there is a natural cave (also called a stone room), where a literary superstar once studied hard and left the scholarly Mo Bao here.
In the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong, a baby boy was born in the family of a calligrapher for generations in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province. The baby boy's name is Ceng Gong, and he has a solid word. Naturally alert, he read hundreds of words and blurted them out. 19 12 years, he tried to write six theories, which were written with the help of a pen and made a great speech. Just crowned, famous all over the world Ouyang Xiu was surprised to see his article.
"Gong is an article, galloping up and down, the more the more work. The original Six Classics were thought by Sima Qian and Han Yu. If you work for a while, you can rarely pass. " (Excerpted from Biography of Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty)
After Ceng Gong became famous in the literary world, this cave was called "Ceng Gong Reading Rock" by later generations. In Jiazi Year, Nanfeng County built the Ceng Gong Memorial Hall in Yueyan; Xin was completed and opened to the public in 1920. After years of construction, the memorial hall is shaded by trees, bamboo forests are swaying, flowers and birds are singing and butterflies are dancing.
The gate of Ceng Gong Memorial Hall is a two-pillar archway door, and the two pillars are beautiful and magnificent China watches. The plaque of "Ceng Gong Memorial Hall" inscribed by Mr. Wang Zhongwu, a calligrapher in Jinan, Shandong Province, hangs solemnly above the door. The walls on both sides of the door are red bricks and blue tiles, which are eight-shaped and ups and downs. The memorial hall is built on the mountain, with a winding path leading to a secluded place and a patchwork. Feel the quaint and elegant atmosphere as soon as you enter the door.
Entering the museum, on the right is the big screen painted by eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the screen appeared as a special instrument of the emperor, which was a symbol of fame and power. After the evolution of the times, the screen is still popular. It not only has the functions of hiding, windproof and partition, but also plays the role of embellishing the environment and beautifying the space. Standing and watching, the eight people in the picture are lifelike. Obviously, this screen is put here to highlight Ceng Gong's theme and tell tourists his historical position in the literary world.
Walking through the screen, the forest becomes dense, and bamboo, five-pointed maple, Luan tree, poplar and weeping willow are like umbrellas. Sunlight stubbornly leaked through the cracks in the forest, and the faint white light broke into two Mo Chi. This is the pool where Ceng Gong studied and washed pens and inkstones. There is the word "Mo Chi" on the rock wall beside the pool, which is said to be inscribed by Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Climb a high platform from the stone steps next to Mo Chi, with the famous "Reading Rock" and "Reading Rock Pavilion" on the left. "Reading Rock Pavilion" was originally built by Wang Lun in Nanfengji during Jingtai period of Ming Dynasty. Li Dongyang, a great genius in the Qing Dynasty, described it in "Reading Rock Ancestral Hall": "The discipline of Wang Lun in Jingtai period began at the foot of Hedong, and the old reading rock was a pavilion, so it was called Zengyan Temple Pavilion." Later, with the passage of time, the pavilion was destroyed and rebuilt again and again. What we are seeing now is a stone pavilion with single eaves and four corners built in Guihai, Nanfeng County. There is a plaque "Reading Rock" on the pavilion, which was inscribed by calligrapher Shu Tong. The pavilion is simple in structure, elegant and simple. The ground is slate, and there are four pillars on the slate. There are four slopes on the roof, which are steep. The four slopes of the roof intersect to form four vertical ridges, which meet at the top and cover a treasure top. It wins with simplicity, Wen Xiu, verve and realm, not with splendor and strangeness. "Reading Rock" is actually a natural cave more than ten feet deep, eight feet high and ten feet wide. There are stone tables, stone benches and natural holes in it. It is said that, in order to support the Ceng Gong brothers to study, the little hole flows out with oil, salt and rice every day, and there is a striking word "Shuyan" on the stone wall next to it. When did Ceng Gong study here? After consulting historical materials and present articles, it is inferred that it should be a year adjacent to the second year of Huangye (1050).
Is the family in Ceng Gong still in the "decade" this year? ? To make matters worse, Ceng Gong contracted lung disease again, getting worse and worse, and was bedridden. After careful treatment by Dr. Liu, his condition improved. Poor and ill, Ceng Gong married Chao Wenrou. Chaowenrou is the daughter of Guanglu Shaoqing Chaozong Pavilion. When she came to this poor family, she worked hard, took care of the housework, encouraged her husband to concentrate on his studies, and personally prepared meals for the Ceng Gong brothers. This is confirmed in Ceng Gong's poem "Zuo Tanaka": "People close to you always laugh for a living, and even walk in the rain when they are sick. Redmi white rice has a wife, and green plants and green waters are self-urging. " Ceng Gong also recalled his wife's wisdom and dedication in the Epitaph of Wen Jun Rouchao's Family in Yixing County. He wrote affectionately: "In my spare time, I am poor, I eat a lot, and I am gentle and comfortable. Accidents involve people inside and outside, no matter how long or how far, try your best. Benevolence and compassion are beyond human reach. In the clothes of the comb, relatives have nothing, so push, don't wait for yourself. Yu Yan has never seen his laziness; In getting along with people, I have never seen its happiness rhyme. Put away your mind and reduce your color. You are in testimonies, bachelor and doctor, and you can't do anything. If you are smart, you will see the solution when you encounter difficulties, and you will do your best. This can be seen. "
It was a good wife who did a good job in logistics that allowed Ceng Gong to breathe and get rid of family affairs. He often came to "Reading Rock" with his cousin Zeng Ye, his younger brothers Ceng Bu and Zeng Mou, lived in seclusion in the cave and studied hard. The recently discovered poems by Zeng Ye confirm this point. The original poem "Reading the Rock with Disciples Gu and Zi in Spring" is: The rain outside the rock is sunny and blue, and the people in the rock sit like a dream. The high sand in South Taiwan Province will be crushed and stones will flow freely. You must be pregnant with jewels, and the string is just in focus. Yi Yi smells infinite spring and wants to soar in Wan Lifeng (Zeng Ye, whose real name is Mao Shu and Zi Hua, is Ceng Gong's half-brother).
After several years' study, Ceng Gong was able to carefully study Six Arts and Hundred Flowers, a book with sparse notes, and a discussion with her husband about soup, which made her feel a little far away, engraved with mountains and mountains, boasting and curious things. Down to the military calendar, star official musicians, Shan Nong Yepu, local records dialect. "("South Xuan Ji ").
There is a bronze statue of Ceng Gong in the cave, which reproduces the scene of Ceng Gong studying in Reddingyan. Ceng Gong is tall and energetic, with a pile of books in his hand and absorbed in reading. The statue wears a small crown on its head. Obviously, before wearing the crown, you need to wrap the hair on the top of your head in a bun, and wrap it with a comb (a black silk). After wearing the crown, you need to cross the crown ring and the bun with a comb. Clothes are a kind of robes called straight pleats. The collar is directly connected to the left and right lapels, and the lapels intersect at the chest. The left lapel presses the right lapel and is tied under the right armpit. The clothes are tied outside, the belt is tied in front of the abdomen, and the rest of the hanging part is a gentleman.
Many people object to the image of Ceng Gong statue, which is tall, powerful and radiant. Ceng Gong was born in a poor family and fell into poverty for a long time. I got lung disease, and I was addicted to it, which almost killed me. How to be a tall and strong person when studying and seeking fame in poverty and illness? Moreover, in the third year of Jing You and the second year of Kangding, Ceng Gong went to Beijing twice, and both failed in the exam. Laughed at by unscrupulous people, he wrote a doggerel saying, "Once every three years, two scholars in the Zeng family lost the election." Just like two swallows flying under the eaves, a pair flies away and a pair comes. "All these show that Ceng Gong's mood during this period was heavy and depressed, and he was by no means energetic. He should be an ancient Confucian image with thin face, straight nose, "phoenix eye" and gentle manners.
Walking up the steps next to Yueyan, there is a four-poster and three-room memorial hall (Zeng Ancestral Hall). Ceng Gong's life and major achievements are displayed in the museum. The exhibits are mainly pictures and illustrations, which introduce Ceng Gong's incorruptibility, integrity and extraordinary talent in chronological order. These include rubbings, newspapers, reviews, poems, essays, publications or copies of Ceng Gong collected all over the country. Here, you can look for traces of Ceng Gong before his death, look at everyone's portrait, taste noble life and appreciate immortal poems. You can also get close to great people and communicate with each other across time and space.
Walk past the memorial hall, climb to the top of the mountain and enter the exhibition hall, looking up at the sky, the blue sky is like washing; Overlooking the mountain, there are many rivers, beaches and rivers in autumn. The ancient pagoda sings geese, the second bridge locks the river, and the orange garden shines. A picture scroll is dazzling and refreshing.