Between the formation of the Yellow River 3 million years ago and 6,543,800+6,000 years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau experienced three uplifts, of which the strongest and most violent uplift occurred around 6,543,800+6,000 years ago. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau jumped out of the ground in the violent uplift movement, and the edge of the block was fractured and folded, forming a stepped landform, and the originally widely distributed lakes gathered into rivers. If the time scale is shortened, the plateau uplift and the formation of the Yellow River experienced a quiet and slow process of land uplift, and then landslides and ground fissures suddenly occurred, and a huge land jumped out of the surface and a big river composed of lakes rushed down. According to scientists, before the formation of the Yellow River, the altitude of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Gansu was very low. Internal water system was widely developed in Gansu quasi-plain, but its flow direction was different, and the intersection of land and sea was near Sanmenxia today. About 160 years ago, it was a period of great changes in geological structure. The ups and downs of faults increased in pulses, and ancient lakes and lakes were cut to form a vast river. Thousands of streams gathered and surged to form a big river across the canyon, becoming the second most famous river in the motherland today. Yellow River.
Historical Changes of the Yellow River The gestation, birth and development of the Yellow River are controlled by geological processes in geological historical periods, with tectonic movements caused by crustal changes as external forces and erosion, transportation and accumulation generated by itself as internal forces under hydrogeological conditions. In the historical process of becoming a river, it keeps moving forward and keeps pace with the times. Soil erosion in the Loess Plateau and sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River began in prehistoric geological times, and have been increasingly influenced by human activities since then. According to various studies, the ancient Yellow River has three stages of development: the early Pleistocene from Tertiary to Quaternary is the gestation period of the ancient Yellow River. The middle Pleistocene in Quaternary (110.5 million years ago) was the birth period of the ancient Yellow River. In the late Pleistocene (654.38+ 10,000 years ago ~ 654.38+ 10,000 years ago), the Yellow River formed a marine water system.
In the historical period, the Yellow River has also evolved in the upper and middle reaches of the plain, and some of them have changed greatly. For example, the Hetao reach in Inner Mongolia, below Dengkou before 1850, is mainly divided into two tributaries, the northern branch is the mainstream, the Wu Jia at the foot of Yinshan Mountain, and the southern branch is the present Yellow River. 1850, the downstream of Wu Jia, north of Xishanzui, was blocked and cut off for about 15 km, and the south branch became the mainstream, while the north branch became the backwater channel of Houtao Irrigation Area. The river from Longmen to Tongguan also fluctuates greatly. However, the evolution of these reaches has little influence on the development of the whole Yellow River. The changes of the Yellow River mainly occur in the lower reaches.
Historically, the rivers in the lower reaches of the Yellow River changed from Haihe River in the north to Jianghuai River in the south. According to historical documents, the lower Yellow River burst 1500 times and changed its course more than 20 times.
Ningmeng reach, a tourist resort of the Yellow River.
-The Yellow River flows peacefully here, irrigating farmland on both sides and benefiting local people. So there is? Huang Hefu and Ningxia in the world? ,? The Yellow River is harmful and not beneficial? Statement. The land near Yinchuan, Ningxia is flat and has a vast area. For more than 2000 years, the Yellow River has been used for gravity irrigation. There are abundant products here, and the precious Chinese herbal medicines Lycium barbarum and Yinchuan rice are of good quality. Saibei Jiangnan? Good name. Photo of Lycium barbarum The Hetao Plain in Inner Mongolia is very dry. In the west, the annual precipitation is less than 200mm. Here? Without water, it is a desert, and with water, it is an oasis? . The Yellow River water has created superior conditions for industrial and agricultural production here.
middle reaches
1. Shaanxi-Shaanxi Canyon, where the Yellow River divides Wan Ren Mountain, forming the longest continuous canyon section on the Yellow River. There are two famous places in this reach: Yellow River Island.
2. Hukou Waterfall-The Yellow River rushed here with thunderous momentum and roared away. Hukou Waterfall is not only a symbol of the Yellow River, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation's indomitable spirit of pioneering and forging ahead. ? The wind is roaring, the horse is roaring, the Yellow River is roaring, and the Yellow River is roaring? This magnificent style of the Yellow River in Sang Song also sings the invincible heroism of the Chinese nation. (The lyrics are selected from The Yellow River Cantata)
3. Longmen-communication? Carp yue longmen? This is the origin of the story. It is said that carp can jump over the dragon gate and become a dragon. This legend expresses people's good wishes to reach their ideal state after hard work, and also inspires Chinese children to strive for self-improvement and struggle. According to legend, it is a canyon dug by Dayu, so it is also called Yumenkou.
Xiaolangdi of the Yellow River
Xiaolangdi Scenic Area of the Yellow River is located in Mengjin County, 40 kilometers north of Luoyang City. It is a large-scale project jointly developed by Luoyang Municipal People's Government and National Tourism Administration. It is an important scenic spot of "three points and one line" tourism in Henan Province.
With a total area of 1262 square kilometers (including 296 square kilometers of water surface), it is a large mountain lake scenic spot with canyons and rivers as its main features, reflecting the history, culture and natural scenery of the Yellow River. Large-scale hydraulic structures such as Xiaolangdi Dam and intake tower in the scenic area are great achievements of the Chinese nation in the history of harnessing the Yellow River, and they are famous patriotic education bases. Scenic spots include Baiya Mountain, Huanglu Mountain, Hong Yashan, Shizu Mountain, Jingzi Mountain, Daimei Mountain, etc., with beautiful scenery and rich cultural landscape. Bali Hutong Gorge, Longfeng Gorge and Gushan Gorge are deep and deep, and are known as? Three Gorges of the Yellow River? In the vast sea area of 296 square kilometers, there are many rivers and alleys, islands and peninsulas dotted with luxury cruise ships. Qiandao Lake in the north? 、? Beidaihe, Zhongyuan? It is the best place for sightseeing, vacation and leisure travel on the Yellow River.
Heluo culture is the representative of the history and culture of the Yellow River in Xiaolangdi Scenic Area. Located at the downstream of Xiaolangdi Dam 15km. Heluo Cultural Scenic Area consists of three parts: Emperor Guangwu's Mausoleum, Malone pagoda temple and Wang Duo's former residence. Wang Duo's former residence contains 90 stone carvings of Wang Duo's representative calligraphy work Zhuan Shan Yuan Tie, which fully displays Wang Duo's calligraphy art. Malong negative figure temple, also known as? Fuxi Temple? It is a place of worship for Fu, the ancestor of Chinese culture and human root-seeking, and also the source of Heluo culture, attracting a large number of tourists to seek roots every year.
Zhengzhou Yellow River Tourist Area
Zhengzhou Yellow River Tourist Area is located 30 kilometers northwest of Zhengzhou. It faces the majestic Yueshan Mountain in the south and the surging Yellow River in the north. Magnificent river view, long cultural landscape, and the ground? Hanging river? A series of unique geographical features, such as the starting point, the end point of the Loess Plateau and the dividing line between the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, make it a provincial-level scenic spot integrating sightseeing, scientific research, promoting Chinese culture and popular science education, and become the leader of the national special tourist line-the Yellow River tour. Among the nearly 40 scenic spots that have been built and opened to the outside world, such as Wulong Peak, Yueshan Temple and Camel Ridge, are there? Emperor Yan and Huang? 、? Feeding? 、? Dayu? 、? Ma neigh? 、? Son of the Yellow River? Statues, such as the Yellow River Forest of Steles.
The history and culture of the Yellow River as early as 800,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived a life of hunting and gathering in the Yellow River basin. More than 2,000 primitive village sites have been found in the Yellow River Basin, indicating that in the Neolithic Age, ancestors settled in this vast land and engaged in primitive agricultural production.
In the middle Neolithic period, the Huangdi tribe scattered on the loess plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. At that time, Chiyou tribe and Yan Di tribe were the three major tribes in ancient China. They live a nomadic life of uncertain migration. Later, Emperor Yan and Huangdi joined forces to attack and kill Chiyou. Soon, Yan Di people and Huangdi people gradually merged and settled in Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi to jointly develop the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which entered the slave society more than 3,500 years ago, are all descendants of the Chinese people. They call themselves? Hua? Or? Summer? . Chinese is the predecessor of the Han nationality, so the Han people regard the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors and call themselves descendants of the Yellow Emperor. At that time, people in China lived in the Central Plains. People thought that the Central Plains was among the four directions, so it was also called this area? China? . Later, China culture spread all over the country. China? This word became the name of China.
Pan Geng moved its capital to Yin Ruins (now Anyang County, Henan Province) in the historical and cultural Shang Dynasty, and its sphere of influence has reached the North China Plain between Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, which is called Yin Empire. The culture of the Yin Dynasty was quite developed, and it was called the three ancient empires with Egypt and Babylon at that time, and it was the three major cultural centers of the ancient world. In Yin Ruins, exquisite Oracle Bone Inscriptions and exquisite bronze vessels are still preserved. However, outside the three ancient empires, most human beings still live a primitive life. It can be seen that our motherland is one of the ancient civilizations in the world, and the ancient culture originated from the embrace of the Yellow River.
From Yin Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River Basin has been the political, economic and cultural center of China for nearly 2,500 years. Xi 'an (known as Chang 'an in ancient times), from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, had 1 1 dynasties as its capital, which lasted for more than1/00 years. It not only made an important contribution to the economic and cultural development in ancient China, but also left an immortal chapter for international economic and cultural exchanges. /kloc-Luoyang, whose capital was successively established in 0/3 dynasties, lasted 1500 years. Historians, scientists and writers gathered in Luoyang, leaving immortal works for China and the world cultural treasure house.
Not just a big river. Yellow River, Yellow Land, Emperor and Yellow Peel, all these yellow appearances sublimate this turbid stream flowing through the heart of China into a holy river. Han Shu Gou Ji regards the Yellow River as the head of thousands of waters: "China has the source of all rivers, not in the four capitals, but in the river."
It is indeed the first place to bathe in the light of civilization, and it must be the first place to be touched by the fire of civilization. According to ancient legends, Shennong once taught people to grow crops. What is intriguing is that Shennong is Emperor Yan, that is, Vulcan. What he teaches is actually burning forests and practicing.
Mencius recorded the "merits" of the three emperors and five emperors burning the forest: "When Yao was in power ... vegetation was flourishing, animals were breeding, crops were not growing, animals were threatening ... Yao was the only one who was worried, and he handled it well. Use fire well. " When the mountain burned down, the animals all ran away. "
In the Book of Songs, we heard the ancestors chanting when they cut down trees: "Kan Kan cut sandalwood, the river is dry, the river is clear, and the blue waves are rippling." "Logging jingles and birds sing."
For thousands of years, the Yellow River valley was the center of feudal rule, and the struggle of the broad masses of working people against oppression was also continuous. Chen Sheng and Guangwu in the late Qin Dynasty, Red Eyebrows, Bronze Horses and Yellow Scarves in the Han Dynasty, Wagang Army in the late Sui Dynasty, Huang Chao and Wang Xianzhi in the Tang Dynasty and Li Zicheng and Zhang in the late Ming Dynasty all staged magnificent historical dramas in this land of the Yellow River Basin. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was a reliable revolutionary base for the people of China until the great People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded.
The Yellow River has two flood seasons every year. The flood season is summer, and the incoming water is mainly the upstream rainstorm. The flood season may last for 3-4 months. The small flood season is from March to April in spring, and the incoming water is mainly the melting of ice and snow in the upper reaches, which lasts for a short time. Because peach blossoms are in full bloom every year, it is also called peach blossom flood season.
According to "History of Song Dynasty", the speaker named the phenology water potential because the Yellow River fluctuates at any time. Since the beginning of spring, the east wind has thawed and the river is waiting for water. At first, it reached an inch, and in summer and autumn it reached a foot, which was quite reliable, so it was called it? Do you believe in water? . In February and March, the peach blossoms began to bloom, the ice piled up, the rivers and streams gathered together, and the waves were rough. Peach blossom water? . In late spring, radish blooms. What is this called? Vegetables and water . At the end of April, the long wheat is beautiful and the awn is discolored. What is it called? Wheat yellow water? . The melons in May are really overwhelming. What is this called? Guaman water? . Wild land, deep mountains and poor valleys, solid yin and cold, hard ice flooding in the evening, midsummer, releasing the prescription, and shaking stones, water stained with alum, and flowing in the river, so after mid-June, it is called? Alum landscape? . What's the name of the bean show in July? Tofu pudding water . What's the cry of August in China? Miao Shuimiao? . September, Double Ninth Festival, what's it called? Climbing water? . In October, the truth comes out, the water keeps flowing, and it's the same again. What's this called? Refill the can of water? . 1 1,1February ice flow breaks, which is called cold. Cold water? . The water credit is unchanged, and the rate shall prevail; Untimely inflation, called it? Guest water? .
After watching the formation of the Yellow River:
1. Beautiful sentences describing the Yellow River
2. The diary composition describing the Yellow River is 600 words.
3. Eight grade geography Yellow River knowledge points
4. Proverbs, sayings and idioms about the Yellow River
5. Folk stories about the Yellow River