Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as "Dongpo Jushi". He died at the age of 66. In the 6th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was given to the Imperial Master. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, he is the eldest son of Su Xun, a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a representative of the bold and unrestrained poets. In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign post and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for being appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor in the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong was in charge of his own affairs and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province). Famous works include "Niannujiao", "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", "Shizhongshan Ji", "He Fangting Pavilion", etc., as well as "Red Cliff Ode" and "Hou Chibi Ode" Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), whose courtesy name was Lu Zhi, and who called himself Valley Taoist. His name was Fu Weng, also known as Huang Yuzhang, and he was a native of Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi Province). He was a poet, lyricist, and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was the founder of the Jiangxi Poetry School, which was very popular at that time. In the fourth year of Emperor Yingzong's reign (1067), he became a Jinshi. He has served as Ye County Lieutenant, Professor of the Imperial Academy of Beijing, School Secretary, Zuo Lang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Qianzhou Resettlement, etc. Zhe Zongli was appointed as the school secretary and the reviewer of "Records of Shenzong". Later, he was promoted to live in the house. At the beginning of Shaosheng Dynasty, the New Party said that his history writing was "many false accusations" and demoted him to Fuzhou (now Fuling, Chongqing). He moved to Rongzhou (now Yibin, Sichuan) and resettled in Qianzhou and other places. At the beginning of Huizong's reign, he was in charge of Yizhou and died. Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty was a Jinshi in the fourth year of Zhiping. At the beginning of Shao Sheng's reign, he was demoted as a school clerk and failed to compile the "Records of Shenzong". Later, the New Party came to power and was repeatedly demoted. He died in the demoted office of Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi). The main ink writings include "Songfeng Pavilion Poems", "Huayan Shu", "Jing Fubo Shrine", "Zhu Shangzuo", "Li Bai's Reminiscences of Old Travel Poems", "Bitter Bamboo Shoots Ode", etc. The calligraphy theory is recorded in "On Jinjin Calligraphy", "On Calligraphy", "Qinghe Calligraphy and Painting Boat", and "Shigutang Calligraphy and Painting Collection". Yuan Zhen, courtesy name Wei Zhi, was born in Hanoi, Henan Province. He was born in the fourteenth year of Dali of Tang Dynasty (779 AD) and died in the fifth year of Yamato (831 AD). He lost his father when he was 8 years old, and he was promoted to the imperial examination when he was 15 years old. At the age of 21, he became an official in Hezhong Prefecture. At the age of 25, he became a scholar in Diocesan and was awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary. At the age of 28, he ranked first in the Physical Education Department for his talent and brilliance, and was awarded Zuo Shiyi. His mother, Zheng Xian, was a literary scholar and personally taught books and biographies. He cited Ming scriptures and judged them as equals, and made up for the editor. In the early Yuan Dynasty, policymaking should come first. In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he became the censor. Because he offended the eunuchs and dignitaries, he was demoted to Jiangling Prefecture to join the army the following year. Later, he lived in the history of Sima and Guo governors of Tongzhou (now Dazhou City, Sichuan). In the 14th year of Yuanhe, he was appointed as Wailang, a member of the catering department. The following year, the eunuch Cui Tanjun quoted him and promoted him to be a doctor in the ancestral department and to make a imperial edict. In the first year of Changqing (821), he moved to Zhongshushe and served as the Imperial Academy. In the following year, he lived in the third month of the phase and became the governor of Tongzhou and the observer of eastern Zhejiang. In the third year of Yamato (829), he became Shangshu Zuocheng. In the fifth year, he died while serving as the military governor of Wuchang. He died at the age of fifty-three and was given as a gift to Shangshu Youpushe. Zhen advocated peace with Bai Juyi since he was young. At that time, the poet was called "Yuan Bai" and his name was "Yuanhe style". His poems are full of sadness, like a lonely phoenix singing in sorrow, which is very heart-wrenching and touching. Yuan Zhen's greatest achievement was poetry. He is as famous as Bai Juyi and is also called Yuan Bai. He is also an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement.
His representative works include "Chrysanthemum", "Five Poems on Parting Thoughts" (Part 4), "Three Poems on Sorrows", "Rabbit Silk", "Heron Flying with Pei Xiaoshu", "Night Pond", "Feelings of Death (Eastern Zhejiang)" )", "Late Spring", "Poverty Residence in Jing'an", "Send to Zhiyong", "Su Shiji", "Sitting at Night", "Snowy Sky", "Four Poems to Reward Lotte for Being Weak and Telling the Cause of Things in Tongzhou" , "Poems of the Weaver Woman", "Night Farewell Banquet", "Mountain Loquat", "Two Thoughts", "Mottled Bamboo (Getting to Xiangliu)", "Bamboo Department (Shishou County Boundary)", "White Clothes Two" "First", "Yu Zhongsu", "Reward Wu Kangzuo (the original rhyme is used later)", "Poems from One to Seven Characters", etc., among which "Chrysanthemum", "Five Poems on Thoughts" (fourth) and "Three Poems on Sorrows" The three poems (Part 2) are widely circulated, especially the poem "Five Poems on Li Si" (Part 4) which is extremely famous.
Follow-up question: Can Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi introduce the process of being demoted and their works? Answer: Liu Zongyuan (773-819), also known as Zihou. The writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers of the Tang Dynasty, together with Han Yu and others, are known as the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). Han nationality. Daizong was born in Chang'an, Kyoto (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) in the eighth year of Dali (773). Together with Han Yu, he initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and was also known as Han Liu. Liu Yuxi was also called "Liu Liu" with him. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Wei Yingwu are also called "Wang Meng Wei Liu". It is known as Liuhedong or Liuliuzhou in the world.
Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family. He had few talents and great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent words. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he was admitted to Bo Xue Hong Ci and was awarded the Zhengzi of Jixian Dian. He was once a captain of Lantian, and later became an official in the court. He actively participated in the political reform of Wang Shuwen Group and became a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wai Lang. In September of the first year of Yongzhen (805), the reform failed and he was demoted to the governor of Shaozhou. In November, he was demoted to the Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). During this period, he wrote the famous "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". In the spring of the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), he returned to the capital and became the governor of Liuzhou (so it was called Liuliuzhou), with outstanding political achievements. Xianzong died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (November 28, 819). He had many contacts, and Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi were both his good friends.
Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose. The prose is strong in argumentation, sharp in writing, pungent in sarcasm, and full of combativeness. The travel notes describe the scenery, and many people rely on it. His philosophical works include "Tian Shuo", "Tian Shi", "Feudal Theory", etc. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved and compiled into collections by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty. There is "Liuhe East Collection". Supplement: Liu Yuxi (772-842), also known as Mengde, was a poet, writer, philosopher, and politician in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He was known as the "Poetry Hero". Liu Yuxi, known as "Liu Guest" in the world, was born in Jiaxing (then Suzhou), a native of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), Han nationality, and said that he was from Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei).
He was a censor and a member of Wang Shuwen's political reform group. His family was a scholarly family that passed down Confucianism from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of the Wang Shuwen School.
Later Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Langzhou Sima. He did not surrender, but created with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and wrote poems imitating folk songs such as "Cai Ling Xing".
After being ordered to return to Beijing, Liu Yuxi offended the new nobles with his poem "Thousands of peach trees in Xuandu, all of which were planted after Liu Lang left" and was demoted to the governor of Lianzhou. Later he was appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou, where he wrote a large number of "Zhuzhi Ci". There are many famous quotes and they are widely recited. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Reminiscences of Xisai Mountain": "Wang Jun's boat landed in Yizhou, and the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a banner fell out of the stone. Several times in this life, the past is sad, The mountain shape is still pillowed by the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the grass is rustling and the reeds are in autumn." This poem was highly praised by later literary critics and was regarded as a masterpiece of Tang poetry with infinite meaning.
Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as the governor. At that time, there was a flood in Suzhou and hunger spread throughout the land. After he took office, he opened warehouses for famine relief, exempted taxes and reduced labor, which quickly enabled the people to get out of the disaster and live a contented life. The people of Suzhou loved him and were grateful to him, so they named Wei Yingwu, Bai Juyi and him, who had served as governors in Suzhou, the "Three Heroes" and established the Sanxiantang.
Tang Wenzong also praised his political achievements and gave him a purple gold fish bag.
Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, served as the prince's guest and inspected the school's Ministry of Etiquette, socialized with friends, wrote poems, and lived a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs.
Representative work: "Inscription on a Humble Room"