As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for people. Also said: food is not tired of essence, food is not tired of essence. People in China always pay attention to diet, so we should talk about eating first.
The Tang Dynasty said that "carp" was Ye Li, so it was forbidden to eat carp. If caught, they should be released immediately, otherwise the carp seller will be responsible for sixty sticks. Although it is banned, it still can't stop diners from eating in private. People in the Tang Dynasty liked to eat fish best, and the cooking was mainly "Wan", which is probably sashimi now. Du Fu has a poem praising: "The snow falls silently, and the onion has chopped the bone". It means to cut into snow-white fish fillets, and it is best to eat them with fragrant and tender shallots that grow in spring. The chef's handbook records that crucian carp is the best, followed by bream, snapper, snapper and perch ... so it can be proved that Japan learned to eat sashimi from us.
In addition, the Tang people like horses. One is that they need war horses on the battlefield, and the other is that dignitaries also like to ride horses. For example, You Chuntu, the wife of the State of Guo, is riding on it, and the situation is very big. So at that time, many famous horses were introduced from the western regions, such as "Tianma", which refers to the famous horses imported from Central Asia, and it is estimated that it also includes bloody BMW.
Whether princes and nobles like watching polo or not, they are divided into two teams. Riding a horse hits the bow with a ringed handle in order to hit the opponent's door and win the race. More importantly, Prince Gongsun will try his hand at the stadium. At that time, the price of horses had doubled and remained high.
In addition, people in the Tang Dynasty like to wear clothes with wide robes and big sleeves. On the one hand, they wear relaxed and comfortable clothes, on the other hand, their clothes are fluttering when they walk, which makes people feel elegant and radiant. Of course, this is the rich, not the working people. Now it is reasonable to say that "Tang costume" began in the Tang Dynasty.
Finally, talk about music. People in the Tang Dynasty loved music, and there were musicians from the palace to the palace. In addition, many musical instruments were introduced from the western regions. For a time, the wind of loving music rose, and at the same time, musicians and dancers also increased. There are dancing figures in the "Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty" unearthed now. Even the large-scale folk music "Tang Gong Music and Dance" performed on the modern stage reproduces the grand occasion at that time.
With the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, poets also had the opportunity to show themselves, and poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi appeared. Rhyme reached the most mature period in history in the Tang Dynasty. It also left a valuable cultural heritage in the history of literature.
In addition, it must be mentioned that there were many foreigners in the Tang Dynasty. Due to the opening of sea routes, more foreigners came to the Tang Dynasty, either for business or private business. At that time, laborers, Persians, Indians and even Africans all appeared at the corner of Chang 'an Avenue. Even Japan, a Japanese country, has sent "envoys in the Tang Dynasty" to study in the Tang Dynasty many times in order to learn Taoism and enlightenment.
At that time, the Tang Dynasty was really an instrument of ten thousand dynasties, and its name was broadcast overseas.
Of course, there are many interesting cold knowledge in the Tang Dynasty, so I won't introduce it here.
2. The poet's interesting short stories of literary common sense
Looking at Lushan Waterfall (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's Rizhao incense burner gave birth to purple smoke, looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth. To Wang Lun (Tang Dynasty), Bai was about to take a boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. Silent Night Thinking (Tang Dynasty) Is there frost in the moonlight in front of Li Bai's window? .
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Qiu Pu Song (Tang Dynasty) Li Bai's white hair is three thousands of feet, and his fate is like a song of everlasting regret.
The autumn frost in the mirror comes from nowhere. Li Bai (70 1-762), a native of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, six feet six inches, with the word Taibai, was a famous violet layman and a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, and was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament.
He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy". Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Poet Saint" because two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets soar into the sky. The snow outside the window is Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department.
Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar. Bai Juyi, the word Lotte, is a famous Buddhist in Xiangshan.
Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When he arrived at his great-grandfather, he moved to the summer night (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi).
Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng.
Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75.
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations.
He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. In summer, Su Shi bid farewell to the hospital. It was late in the summer, and the pomegranate was full of curtains.
At noon, the ground was covered with greenery, Su Shi (1037? 1 10 1) A writer and painter in the Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, the number Dongpo lay man.
Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. When Lu You died, he knew that everything was empty, but he looked at Kyushu sadly.
Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains Day, don't forget to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifice! Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, devoted his life to the just cause of resisting gold and recovering lost land. Although squeezed out and hit by capitulationists, patriotic enthusiasm never waned.
The poem "Shizi" is the last will written by the poet to his son, expressing the poet's deep and strong patriotic feelings of "setting the Central Plains in the north" and unifying the motherland until his death. * * * "Returning to the Garden" Tao Yuanming has no suitable rhyme, and he loves his post by nature. After falling into the dust net by mistake, I have been attached to Lao Lin and missing my hometown for thirteen years. When he reclaimed wasteland in the south, he returned to the garden. ~427), also known as Qian, is bright, and the number is Mr. Wu Liu. Tao Yuanming's masterpiece is The Peach Blossom Garden:>& gt It's like a dream. Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so a deep sleep didn't consume wine. I asked the shutter man, but Haitang is still the same. Know what? Know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
Li Qingzhao (A.D.1084-1151? ), Hao Yi, a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. His father, Li, is proficient in classics and history and is good at prose. His mother Wang can also write.
Influenced by her family, she was gifted at an early age. Li Qingzhao is well versed in poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting and music, with ci as the highest achievement.
The teenager in the middle wall of Boshan Road, picking mulberry seeds, did not know the taste of sorrow and fell in love with the building. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words.
Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty at the age of 67.
The original word Tanfu, renamed You 'an and Jia Xuan, was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong), Han nationality. China is a great poet and patriot in history.
It has the same name as Su Shi and is also called "Su Xin". In history, it is also called "Jinan Er 'an" with Li Qingzhao. Farewell to the viceroy, diameter out of bo, across the wall of three qins, across the fog of five rivers.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place.
Why do you wander at the fork in the road? Wang Bo (649~675), the son and daughter, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word zi an.
Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people. Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty".
3. Literary knowledge of Tang poetry
Tang poetry generally refers to poems written in the Tang Dynasty. Tang poetry is the most precious cultural heritage of the Han nationality and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture, which also has great influence on the cultural development of neighboring nationalities and countries. The Tang Dynasty is considered to be the dynasty with the richest old poems in China, so it is called Tang Poetry and Song Poetry. Most of the Tang poems are included in The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry. Since the Tang Dynasty, anthologies of Tang poetry have emerged continuously, and the most widely spread is "Three Hundred Tang Poems" compiled by retired scholars in Hengtang. The creation of Tang poetry can be divided into four stages according to time: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Wang Wei are world-famous great poets. There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are mainly five-character poems and seven-character poems in the ancient poems of Tang Dynasty.
There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems. Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed. Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style. Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.
Poetry Bone-Chen Ziang: His poems are full of passion, lofty in style and "Han and Wei style", which is called "poetry bone".
Poet-Wang Bo: His poems are fluent, generous and unique, so he is called a "poet".
Poet crazy-He: Because of his unrestrained and broad-minded poetry, he is called "Siming crazy" and is called "Poet crazy".
The poet's son of heaven (another way of saying it-the poet's master)-Wang Changling: His seven poems are called "the poet's son of heaven" because of their profound feelings and vague style.
Poet Fairy-Li Bai: Poets are known as "Poet Fairy" because of their rich imagination, bold style, gorgeous colors and fresh and natural language.
Poet Sage-Du Fu: His poems are closely related to current events and have profound thoughts. Broad realm, known as the "poet".
Prisoner of Poets-Meng Jiao: Poetry is painstakingly dedicated and poorly managed. Yuan Haowen once called it a "poet prisoner".
Jia Dao, the slave of poetry, is called "the slave of poetry" because he devoted his life to writing poetry and reciting it painstakingly.
Poet-Liu Yuxi: His poems are calm and dignified, and his style is natural and rough. Bai Juyi gave him the reputation of "poet".
Shi Fo-Wang Wei: Many of Wang Wei's poems are full of Zen, and Zen is used in them.
Poet-Bai Juyi: He works hard in poetry. "The drunkard's intention is not to drink, but to attract the poet's hair, and it is sad to go to the west in the afternoon." He is called a poet.
Five-character Great Wall-Liu Changqing: He is good at five-character poems, which account for 78% of all his poems, so he is called "Five-character Great Wall".
Shi Gui-Li He: His poems are good at casting ci, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create colorful images, so they are called "Shi Gui". Poet Sage-Master of Seven Temperaments-Li Shangyin's Poetic God-Su Shi (Song)
4. Common sense of culture and literature in Tang and Song Dynasties
1, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo
2. Wang Changling, Cen Can and Cui Hao
3. Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow, Zhen Wu's Biography of Yingying, Li's Biography of Liu Yi and Bai Xingjian's Biography of Li Wa.
4. "Drunk"
5, Wu Dai when the wind, slimming.
6. Liu Zhiji
7. Poetry and lyrics
8. Tones have a fixed frame, sentences have fixed numbers, and words have fixed sounds; Alto, long tone; Elegant words, bold words
9. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan
1, the language is not amazing.
2. Natural sculpture
3. A pair of tearful eyes
You can get it by accident.
5. The sea clouds sparkle like palaces.
6. According to the ancients this month.
7. They crossed the Mirror Lake on the moon all night. The moon illuminates my shadow.
8. Lu You (word Wu Guan, number Shi Weng to show his children), Wen Tianxiang (word Wenshan, crossing Lingdingyang), Xin Qiji (word You 'an, alias Jia Xuan, Shui Long Yin Deng Jiankang Banquet Pavilion), Yue Fei (word,).
9. I often think of the sunset in Xiting and don't know how to get home. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
5. High school China Tang literature common sense.
Li Bai (70 1 Feb. 28th -762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman.
China, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is known as the "Poet Fairy" and a great romantic poet. Han nationality, ancestral home in Ji Cheng County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province), was born in Changlong County, Mianzhou County, Shu County (now Qinglian Township, jiangyou city City, Sichuan Province), and was born in Broken Leaves in the Western Regions (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan).
Died in dangtu county, Anhui. His father, Li Ke, has two sons (Boqin, natural) and one daughter (Pingyang).
There are more than 0/000 poems in the world, with masterpieces such as Difficult Road to Shu, it is hard to go, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Jiang and Li Taibai Ji. He died in 762 AD at the age of 6 1.
Its tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Anlu, Hubei. Representative works: Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province), because it was difficult to get through the Shu Road and go to the sky, drinking the bright moon alone and enjoying the Wang Lushan Waterfall.
A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless).
Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum.
After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods. Representative works.
Li Bai (70 1 Feb. 28th -762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. China, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is known as the "Poet Fairy" and a great romantic poet.
Han nationality, ancestral home in Ji Cheng County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province), was born in Changlong County, Mianzhou County, Shu County (now Qinglian Township, jiangyou city City, Sichuan Province), and was born in Broken Leaves in the Western Regions (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan). Died in dangtu county, Anhui.
His father, Li Ke, has two sons (Boqin, natural) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than 0/000 poems in the world, with masterpieces such as Difficult Road to Shu, it is hard to go, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Jiang and Li Taibai Ji.
He died in 762 AD at the age of 6 1. Its tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Anlu, Hubei.
Representative works: Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province), because it was difficult to get through the Shu Road and go to the sky, drinking the bright moon alone and enjoying the Wang Lushan Waterfall. A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department.
Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Masterpiece: Collected Works Du Gongbu Du Mu (803- 852 AD), whose name is Mu Zhi, was born in (now Xi, Shaanxi), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu.
Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
Representative works: A Fang Gong Fu; Tang Wei Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), king of Shi Fo, was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, believed in Buddhism and was called Shi Fo. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Shi praised his "painting in poetry"; Look at the picture. There are poems in it. "Especially the landscape poetry has the highest achievement, and it is also called' Wang Meng' with Meng Haoran.
He is the author of Wang Youcheng Collection (You Cheng was his later official position, namely "You Cheng, the final minister"), with 400 poems. Obviously, Wang Wei has made higher achievements in the field of Tang poetry. He is a representative of the pastoral school in Tang Dynasty.
Liu Zongyuan, a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, is the representative work of Zhu, Acacia and Brothers Silu on a Mountain Holiday, and is also known as the Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties with Han Yu and others. He was originally from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi).
Han nationality. He was born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) in 773.
He advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty with Han Yu and called it Liu Han. Liu Yuxi also called it "Liu Liu".
Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei also called it "Wang Meng". The world is called Liuhe East or Liuliuzhou.
He is the author of the famous Eight Notes of Yongzhou (Xide Xishan Banquet Travel Notes, Kunteng Travel Notes, Kunteng Xishan Travel Notes, Xiaoqiu West Xiaoshichi Travel Notes, Yuan Jiake Travel Notes, Shi Quji Travel Notes, and Xiaoshi Chengshan Collection). Liu Yuxi, a poet, is a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are rich in imagination, novel in conception, ingenious in conception, magnificent in writing, full of sadness and high in artistic value.
His poems are good at casting words, galloping imagination, and using myths and legends to create colorful images, which is called "Shi Gui". Poet (649-676) Wang was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi).
And Yang Jiong, Lu, and called "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", among which "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" was the highest. "。
His poems are fluent and generous, with unique masterpieces. One of them is parked at the foot of Beibao Mountain and sent to Ren Shuchuan by Du Shaofu. Poems of Tang and Zhang Zhi are "poetic idiots" who are good at quatrains. In addition to the movement of offering sacrifices to the gods and writing poems, his lyrical style of scenery writing is unique, and his representative works are fresh and unique, such as The Return of the Native, Singing Willow, The Poet's Son of Heaven and The Seven Wonders. His frontier poems are fluent and uplifting, and are highly praised by later generations.
His frontier poems fully embody his patriotism and heroism, and also profoundly contain the poet's humanistic concern for the lower class, which embodies the poet's broad vision and broad mind. Wang Changling is good at using scenes to express his feelings, and integrates scenes in his writing style.
This is the most commonly used structure in frontier fortress poems, but the poet uses it most simply.
6. Literary knowledge of Tang legends
Tang legends's story makes full use of imagination and fictional plot, with relatively complete story structure, long length, rich details and vivid characters. (Tang legendary novels, Song legendary documentaries)
Tang legend is like a biography of a character, with a beginning and an end. As the name implies, the narrative of these characters or events has the characteristics of "strangeness", which is very story-like, unlike historical narrative. It is fictional, exaggerated, detailed description, with the author's own emotional factors, so it is also called "novel".
In Tang legends, metaphor, contrast and contrast are often used to highlight the personality of the main characters. The characters are all vividly written. The author not only pays attention to depicting the image of the protagonist, but also takes into account some characters with different personalities, so that they set each other off.
It is mainly a tortuous and beautiful love, with details depicting chivalrous spirit and drawing lessons from historical stories to reflect reality.
We read legends, learn the integrity and character of our ancestors, understand and see clearly the goodness and falsehood of human nature, and appreciate the talents, poems and arguments of literary writers.