Wang Changling (approximately 690-756?), courtesy name Shaobo, was a native of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. It is said that he was a native of Nanjing or Taiyuan, Shanxi. He was a Jinshi in the 15th year of Kaiyuan, and he only served as a middle- and lower-level official in his life. During the Anshi Rebellion, he was killed by Lu Qiuxiao, the governor of Bozhou, on his way back to Jiangning. His poems are best written about palace resentments, frontier fortresses, and farewells. He is especially good at Qijue and is known as the "Sage of Qijue". People at the time praised him as the "Emperor of Poets".
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, called himself Qinglian layman in his later years. His ancestral home was Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an, Gansu Province). His ancestors migrated to the Western Regions at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and he was born in Suiye City (now in Kyrgyzstan) where the Anxi Protectorate of Anxi was located in the Tang Dynasty. He is so talented that he is known as the Immortal. His poems are rich in imagination, unique in conception, powerful and magnificent in style, and he is a representative figure of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, his ancestors moved from their native Xiangyang (now part of Hubei) to Gongxian (now part of Henan). He was the grandson of Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Because he often calls himself Shaoling Yelao in his poems, and he was also a member of the inspection and work department, he was called Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu in his later life. His poems are good at choosing social themes with universal significance, reflecting the political corruption at that time, and expressing to a certain extent The People's Wishes, many of his excellent works, show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from the prosperity of Kaiyuan to the period of division and decline, so they are called "History of Poetry". The poetic style is melancholy and the language is refined and vivid, which has a great influence on later poets.
Meng Haoran (689-740), named Hao and courtesy name Haoran, was a native of Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei). Except for taking a scientific examination in Chang'an when he was forty, he had been living in seclusion in his hometown of Lumen, studying and writing poems for his own entertainment. Most of his poems are based on landscape and pastoral themes. He was the main landscape and pastoral poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was as famous as Wang Wei and was collectively known as "Wang Meng".
Wei Yingwu (737-791?), a native of Jingzhao Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), served as a guard of Xuanzong in the court in the last years of Tianbao. In his early years, he was a chivalrous and unruly man. Later, he worked hard to study and passed the Jinshi examination. . Because he served as the governor of Suzhou. It is known as "Wei Suzhou" in the world. His poetic style is calm and lofty, and he is famous for his ability to describe scenery and reclusive life.
Liu Yuxi (772-842), named Mengde, was born in Luoyang (now part of Henan Province). He said that his ancestral home was Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). Supervisory censor, because he participated in Wang Shuwen's reform and opposed the eunuchs and the separatist forces of vassal towns. After the failure, he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and moved to Lianzhou as governor. Later, due to the strong recommendation of Prime Minister Pei Du, he was appointed as the guest of the crown prince and the minister of the Ministry of Etiquette of the school. He was known as the guest of Liu in the world. He had a good relationship with Liu Zongyuan and was known as "Liu Liu". He often sang with Bai Juyi and was also known as "Liu Bai". His poetry style was fresh, subtle and subtle. He was good at absorbing the essence of folk songs and reflected social life.
Li Shangyin (813-858), whose courtesy name was Yishan and whose name was Yuxisheng. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). Become a Jinshi. Because he was caught in the constant struggle between Niu and Li, he was very frustrated in his life. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some of his love poems, which are so touching and pathos that they are widely read. However, it is too obscure and confusing, and difficult to understand. There is even a criticism that "poets all love Xikun, but they just hate that no one writes Zheng Jian."
Gao Shi (702-765), courtesy name Dafu, was born in You, Dezhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). He fell into poverty when he was young. When he was forty years old, he won the first place in the Taoist examination and was awarded the title of Fengqiu County Lieutenant. He resigned soon after and later served as Secretary of the Central Military Commission in Hexi Province, Geshu Hanmu, where he came into contact with the magical scenery of the desert and the hard life of the border guards. His poems express his feelings directly without embellishment. His seven-character songs are the most distinctive. Most of them describe life in the frontier. He is as famous as Cen Shen, also known as "Gao Cen".
King Luo Bin (640-?), a native of Yiwu, Wuzhou (now part of Zhejiang Province), was in decline in his early years, but he was already famous for his poetry and prose. The volunteers who devoted themselves to the crusade against Wu Zetian drafted a "Call to the Wu Family" for Xu. Later, they were defeated and fled, and their fate was unknown. He is also one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty.
Cen Shen (715-770) was a native of Nanyang. It is said that he was from Jiangling, Hubei Province. He lived in seclusion in Songyang, Henan Province when he was young. In the third year of Tianbao's reign, he was a Jinshi. He was a minor official at first, and later served as the governor of Jiazhou and other officials. It was known as "Cen Jiazhou" in the world. The poem is famous for describing life in the frontier fortress, and is as famous as Gao Shi, collectively known as "Gao Cen".
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), courtesy name Zihou, was born in Hedong Jie (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province), and was known as Liu Hedong in the world. In the ninth year of the first year of Dezong Zhen's reign, he became a Jinshi, and he was also promoted to Bo Xue Hong Ci. Wai Lang, a member of the Ministry of Official Rites, was demoted to Yongzhou Sima for his participation in the reform of Wang Shuwen's group. He later moved to Liuzhou to be the governor, and was known as Liuliuzhou. Poetry and prose were very famous at that time. Together with Han Yu, he led the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was also called Han Liu. He was one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Meng Jiao (751-814), whose courtesy name was Dongye, was from Wukang, Huzhou (now Deqing, Zhejiang). He lived in seclusion in Songshan, Henan in his early years. He was a Jinshi in his forties and only served as a minor official such as a county captain. . He lived a life of hardship and had an upright temperament. Most of his poems described the suffering of the people and the hot and cold world. Avoid mediocrity in language and pursue a thin, tough and eccentric style. As famous as Jia Dao, he is known as "Jiaohandao Slim".
Chen Ziang (661-702), courtesy name Boyu, was a native of Shehong, Zizhou (now Sichuan). When he was young, he was appointed as a knight, and in the first year of Ruizong's civilization, he was a Jinshi. When Wu Zetian was in power, he served as Shilintai Zhengzi, Youshiyi and other minor officials. He was deeply dissatisfied with the flashy and gorgeous poetic style since the Six Dynasties, and strived for reform. He made important contributions in poetry creation and theory.
Han Yu (768-824), whose courtesy name was Tuizhi, was born in Heyang, Henan (now Meng County, Henan). He called himself Jun Wangchangli and was known as Han Changli in the world. He was an orphan and a poor boy who studied hard and studied hard. He became a Jinshi in the eighth year of Emperor Zhenyuan of Emperor Dezong. He once served as the supervisory censor, but was demoted to Yangshan County Magistrate because of Shangshu's request to be exempted from taxes and servitude in Guanzhong. Later, he followed the Prime Minister Pei Du to pacify Huaixi and moved to the Ministry of Punishment. He was demoted to the Chaozhou Governor for admonishing the Buddha's bones. He served as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and was given the posthumous title of Wen Gong after his death. In his later life, he was called Han Officials and Han Wengong. He was the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and together with Liu Zonger, he was known as Han Liu. The poem strives to be dangerous, novel, powerful and powerful.
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, was also known as Xiangshan Haoshi in his later years. He was originally from Taiyuan, and later moved to Xiagui (now Weinan, Shaanxi). He was born in Xinzheng, Henan. In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he became a Jinshi. During the Yuanhe period, he served as a Hanlin scholar and Zuo Zanshan doctor. Because he gained power, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In his later years, he became a Buddhist and called himself a layman. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous. His language is easy to understand and he is known as "the old woman can understand". The narrative poems "Pipa Xing" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" are also very famous.
Wang Bo (649-676), courtesy name Zian, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). He passed the imperial examination in Yingyou at the age of fourteen. He served in Guozhou and joined the army. Later, he went to Jiaozhi to visit his father. Unfortunately, Died by drowning at the age of twenty-seven. His poems strive to get rid of the elegant poetry style of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and his writing is also famous. The famous "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" was written by him. Together with Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and King Luo Bin, they are collectively known as the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty.
Du Shenyan (about 646-708), whose courtesy name is Bi Jian, was born in Xiangyang (now part of Hubei) and moved to Gong County, Henan. He was the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu. Gaozong Xianheng Jinshi, who served as a minor official such as Xi Chengwei and Luoyang Cheng, and a direct bachelor of the Leiguan Xiuwen Museum. He is as famous as Li Qiao, Cui Rong, and Su Weiwei, and is known as the "Four Friends of Articles". He is one of the founders of "modern poetry" in the Tang Dynasty. First, the works are simple and natural.
Shen Quanqi (approximately 656-714), named Yunqing, was born in Neihuang, Xiangzhou (now part of Henan). He was a Jinshi in Shangyuan and became the crown prince Shaozhanshi. Poems are as famous as Song Zhiwen, collectively known as "Shen Song Dynasty". They are mostly made according to the needs of production and are of little significance, but they play a greater role in shaping the rhythmic poetry.
Song Zhiwen (approximately 656-712), a Shaolian named Yanqing, a native of Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi), one said that he was a native of Hongnong, Guozhou (now Lingbao, Henan), Shangyuan Jinshi, the official of Wu Zetian's time was Shang Fang Jiancheng, and he was selected as a bachelor of Xiuwen Pavilion during Zhongzong's time. Because he accused Wu Zetian of favoring Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong's brothers, he was despised by the scholars and was sentenced to death during the reign of Xuanzong. The poems are as famous as Shen Quanqi, and are collectively called "Shen Song Dynasty". Most of their works whitewash reality and praise peace, and are of little value. However, rhymed poems had a certain status in the early Tang Dynasty.
Liu Changqing (709-790?), courtesy name Wenfang, was born in Hejian (now Hebei Province). In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, he was a Jinshi. He once served as a captain of Changzhou County. He was imprisoned twice and was demoted twice. He moved to Muzhou Sima and was involved in a lawsuit as the governor of Suizhou. Most of the poems describe feelings of political frustration, and some reflect chaos. They are good at depicting natural scenery. Five-character poetry has a high level of achievement and is known as the "Five-Character Great Wall".
Dai Shulun (732-789), courtesy name Yougong, was born in Jintan (now part of Jiangsu Province). When he was young, he studied under Xiao Yingshi. In his later years, he invited himself to be a Taoist priest. Most of his poems express his seclusion and leisurely mood, and some reflect the suffering of people's lives.
Lulun (748-800?), whose courtesy name was Yunyan, was from Hezhongpu (now Yongji, Shanxi). Due to the Anshi Rebellion, he moved to Boyang, present-day Jiangxi Province. He was repeatedly rejected as a Jinshi, but later he was appreciated by Prime Minister Yuan Zai, so he was able to serve as a minor official for several terms, and he was a doctor in the household department. One of the ten most talented people in the Dali calendar. He wrote many poems as gifts and in return, but he had no special characteristics. However, frontier fortress poems are written with great momentum, and some poems describing natural scenery are also excellent.
Du Mu (803-852), courtesy name Muzhi, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) and was the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. He was a Jinshi in the second year of Taihe. He served as an aide to Jiangxi Observer Envoy and Xuanshe Observer Envoy Shen Chuanshi and Jiannan Jiedu Envoy Niu Sengru. He successively served as the supervisory censor and the governor of Huang, Chi and Mu states. Later, he became the wailang of Si Xunyuan, and finally he was born in Shushe. His poems are bold and clear, with his own style, and he is known as "Xiao Du". He is also as famous as Li Shangyin and is also known as "Little Li Du".
Wen Tingyun (812-870?), whose real name is Qi and whose courtesy name is Feiqing, was born in Qi County, Shanxi today. He is quick in writing and proficient in music. Every time he enters the test, he rhymes with the official rhyme, and the eight-pointed hand becomes the eight-pointed rhyme, and the time is called "Wen Baji". Unsatisfactory in his official career, he was officially dismissed as an assistant to the Imperial Academy. The poems are rich in rhetoric, and a few of their works reflect current affairs. He is as famous as Li Shangyin and is also called "Wen Li". He was also a lyricist and the originator of the "Huajian School" and played a considerable role in promoting the development of Ci after the Five Dynasties.
Cui Hao (about 704-754) was from Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan). In the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, he was a Jinshi and a member of the imperial court. In his early days, he lived a romantic and uninhibited life, and his poems mostly wrote about love affairs, which was very flashy. Later, after experiencing the frontier fortress, his poetic style became bold and bold.
Yuan Zhen (779-831), whose courtesy name was Wei Zhi, was from Henan (now Luoyang, Henan). His family was poor in his early years. In the 9th year of Zhenyuan, he was appointed to the Ming Jing Ke and in the 19th year of the Shu Juan Diocui Ke. He once served as a supervisory censor. He was reprimanded for offending the eunuchs and conservative bureaucrats. Later, he turned to the eunuchs and became an official under Tong Zhongshu. , and finally died of a violent illness in the Wuchang Army. Together with Bai Juyi, he was an early advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. His poems are also as famous as Bai Juyi's, and he is known as "Yuan Bai" in the world. In fact, Yuan Zhen is far from comparable to Bai Juyi in terms of reflecting the breadth and depth of life or the art of poetry.
Pei Di (716-?) was a native of Guanzhong (now Shaanxi). He served as the governor of Shuzhou and the provincial minister of Shangshu. In his early years, he was friendly with Wang Wei, lived together in Zhongnan Mountain, and sang harmony with each other. Most of the existing poems are Wujue. He often describes lonely scenery, and his ideological tendency is similar to Wang Wei's landscape poetry.
Wang Zhihuan (688-742), also known as Jiling, was originally from Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi). His great ancestor moved to Jiangxian County, Shanxi today. He was bold and uninhibited, often singing sad songs about fencing, and many of his poems were composed and sung by musicians at that time. He became famous for a while. He often sang harmoniously with Gao Shi, Wang Changling, etc. He was famous for his ability to describe the scenery of the frontier fortress.
Wang Jian (about 767-830?), courtesy name Zhongchu, was born in Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan). Born into a humble family. Jinshi in the tenth year of Dali. He once served as a minor official such as county captain, county magistrate, and Sima. He also joined the army and went to the frontier fortress. In his later years, he retired to Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. He is good at Yuefu poetry and is as famous as Zhang Ji. His poems on the themes of Tianjia, silkworm women, weaver girls, water husbands, etc. reflect the political decadence and the suffering of people's lives at that time in different procedures, and their language is relatively simple.
Jia Dao (779-843), also known as Langxian, was born in Fanyang (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). At first, he became a monk without a name, but later Han Yu persuaded him to return to secular life. He failed the Jinshi examination many times and served as the chief administrator of Changjiang, known as Jia Changjiang. He is a famous wistful poet, famous for his pursuit of pure and cold artistic conception, and his emphasis on refining calligraphy. As famous as Meng Jiao, he is known as "Jiao Handao Slim".
He Zhizhang (659-744), also known as Jizhen. A native of Yongzhou, Yuezhou (today's Xiaoshan, Zhejiang), he was a Jinshi in the first year of Emperor Zhengsheng of Wu Zetian. He served as minister of the Ministry of Rites, guest of the prince, secretary and supervisor, etc. He called himself Siming Kuangke, and together with Li Bai, Zhang Xu and others, he was known as the "Eight Immortals in Drinking" in Chang'an. He is skilled in calligraphy and especially good at calligraphy. He has many poems dedicated to gods and music, and occasionally has small poems that are fresh and gratifying.
Zhang Ji (date of birth and death unknown), courtesy name Yisun, was born in Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province). In the twelfth year of Tianbao's reign, he was a Jinshi, and he served as a judge of salt and iron and a doctor of the school inspection and temple department. Most of his poems are published in travel journals, and they mostly write about thoughts of depression and resentment. They are not polished, but fresh and joyful.
Cui Hu, courtesy name Yin Gong, was born in Boling. He ascended the throne in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan. Finally, he served as the envoy of Lingnan Festival. His poetry style is concise and graceful, and his language is extremely fresh. The six poems are all excellent works, especially "Inscribed on Nanzhuang, Capital City" is the most widely circulated, popular and widely appreciated. This poem uses a seemingly simple life experience such as "people's faces are peach blossoms, but things are different" to express the unique life experience that millions of people seem to have had before, earning the poet an immortal poetic name. "Willows by the Water in May" is a poem about willows. It uses various rhetorical techniques such as metaphor and personification to describe the various charms of weeping willows from various angles. The writing is extremely beautiful and lifelike. In each poem, "It's like a drunken smoke and the scenery is condensed, like a sad moon with dew. The fish are afraid of the long silk, and the birds are frightened by the weak branches." Drunk dragonflies, "birds are dancing on the tung blossoms, fish are flying over the grain and rain," are extremely rare couplets, which fully demonstrate Yin Gong's consummate and flawless artistic attainments.
Zhang Ruoxu is from Yangzhou. He once served as the military commander of Yanzhou. During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong Shenlong (705~707), together with He Zhizhang, He Chao, Wan Qirong, Xing Ju, Bao Rong, etc., he was famous in Kyoto for his elegant writing. Together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, and Bao Rong, he was known as one of the "Four Great Masters of Wuzhong". scholar". Xuanzong was alive in Kaiyuan fashion. There are two poems, among which "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" is a well-known masterpiece. It uses the old title of Chen and Sui Yuefu to express the sincere and touching emotions of farewell and philosophical feelings about life. The language is fresh and beautiful, the rhythm is melodious and melodious, and it completely washes away the emotions. The rich and colorful colors of the palace-style poems give people a clear, bright and natural feeling. Later generations commented that "Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" uses the style of "Xizhou", and is a unique piece that is unique to everyone. Li He , Shang Yin, and their freshness; Song poetry and Yuan poetry are all their tributaries", which shows its extraordinary and lofty status and endless far-reaching influence. In the poem, "The tide of the spring river reaches the level of the sea, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide." "I don't know how many people will return by the moon, but the falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love" are all excellent sentences that describe the details and blend the scenes.
Liu Yong
Liu Yong, also known as Qiqing, was originally named Sanbian and was born in Chongan (now Wuyishan, Fujian). In the first year of Renzong Jingyou's reign (1034), he became a Jinshi (Volume 16 of "Neng Gaizhai Man Lu"), and was promoted to official position in Muzhou (Volume 6 of "Shilin Yanyu"). As an official, he became a farm Yuanwai Lang. He is good at writing lyrics, and has nine volumes of "Collection of Movements" (Volume 21 of "Zhizhai Shulu Jiejie"), three volumes of which are now extant.
Yan Shu (991-1055), named Tongshu. A native of Wengang Township, Linchuan County, Fuzhou (now Jinxian, Nanchang) in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
Yan Jidao was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty from about 1040 to 1112. His courtesy name was Shuyuan and his nickname was Xiaoshan. He was a native of Wengang Township, Linchuan County, Fuzhou (now Jinxian, Nanchang) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yan Shu's seventh son. He successively served as the supervisor of Xutian Town of Yingchang Prefecture, the general judge of Qianning Army, and the judge of Kaifeng Prefecture. He was aloof and arrogant, and his family declined in his later years. The poem has a lingering sense of sadness, clearness, strength and frustration. There is "Xiaoshan Ci".
Li Qingzhao (1084.2.5.~1155.4.10.), No. Yi'an Jushi, was an outstanding female writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. She was a native of Jinan, Shandong Province. She was a poet of the Wanyue School. She was born in the seventh year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty and died in Lin'an, died at the age of seventy-two. Historically, he was known as "Jinan Er'an" together with Xin Qiji, a native of Licheng, Jinan.
Jiang Kui (1155～1221), named Yaozhang, also known as Baishi Taoist, was born in Boyang, Raozhou (now Poyang, Jiangxi).
Zhang Xiaoxiang
A famous poet and calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty. (1132～1169), whose courtesy name was Anguo and whose name was Yu Hu Jushi, was from Wujiang, Liyang (now northeast of He County, Anhui Province), and lived in Wujiang, Liyang (now He County, Anhui Province). Shaoxing Jinshi.
Wang Yucheng (954-1001), a poet and essayist in the Song Dynasty. The character Yuanzhi was from Juye, Jeju (now Juye County, Shandong Province). Later he was demoted to Huangzhou and became known as the king of Huangzhou.
Jiang Jie
Introduction (year of birth and death unknown), named Shengyu, also named Zhushan, a native of Yangxian (now Yixing, Jiangsu Province),
Liu Kezhuang (1187～ 1269) Poet, lyricist, and poetry critic of the Southern Song Dynasty. The name is Qianfu and the name is Houcun. A native of Putian (now part of Fujian). His first name was Zhuo, and his teacher was truly virtuous.
Chen Yuyi, whose courtesy name is Qufei and whose name is Jianzhai, his ancestors lived in Jingzhao, and his great-grandfather Chen Xiliang moved to Luoyang, so he was a native of Luoyang, Henan Province in the Song Dynasty. He was born in the fifth year of Yuanhu, Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty (1090), and died in the eighth year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1138).
Zhang Xian (990-1078), whose courtesy name was Ziye, was from Wucheng (now Huzhou, Zhejiang).
Chao Buzhi (1053-1110) was a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wu Jiu, nicknamed Gui Laizi, was born in Juye, Jeju (now part of Juye County, Shandong Province). He was one of the "Four Scholars of the Su Family" (along with Northern Song Dynasty poets Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, and Zhang Lei).
Zhang Lei (1054-1114), courtesy name Wenqian, also known as Keshan, was known as Mr. Wanqiu. He was a native of Qiaojun (now Bozhou, Anhui).
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumously named "Wenzhong", was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meizhou, Sichuan). He was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Literary artist, calligrapher, painter, essayist and poet. A representative figure of the bold and unrestrained faction.
Xin Qiji (1140-1207), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His original name was Tanfu, changed to You'an, and his nickname was Jiaxuan Jushi. He was a native of Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). He is as famous as Su Shi and also called Su Xin.