Kangxi (1654-1722)
Emperor Kangxi was named Aixinjueluo Xuanye. The third son of Emperor Shunzhi. Kangxi was the longest reigning emperor in history. This couplet was given by Emperor Kangxi to Zhang Yushu, a scholar of Wenhua Palace. Zhang was the chief official of Kangxi Dictionary. He was a cautious and honest official, staying away from power, and was highly valued by Emperor Kangxi. From the couplet, it can be seen that Emperor Kangxi expressed his admiration for Zhang Yushu. Kangxi's writing style was thick and plump, often reflecting Su Shi's style of writing. His writing style was graceful and upright, with an air of an emperor.
A gentleman is as gentle as jade;
Daya is outstanding.
Yongzheng (1678-1735)
The calligraphy of Yongzheng, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, can be said to be better than his father. His calligraphy is clear, straight and graceful, and his skills are extraordinary. His writings are popular, and "Poems on Farming and Weaving Pictures" is one of the more skillful ones. The poems on the pictures include many five-character rhyme poems such as "Plowing", "Soaking Seeds", "Luosi" and "Wei", which are roughly one poem per picture. The poem is written in cursive form, with the central cursive line being the main line. Judging from the calligraphy in question, its style is generally characterized by free and easy dot painting, well-proportioned structure, and most of the arrangements between each line are sparse and bright, which is obviously due to the love of his father, the holy ancestor Dong Zi, who is famous for his white and white branches. influence.
Virtue and kindness flow from side to side, spreading far and wide;
Elegance and magnanimity, extensive knowledge and subtlety.
Qianlong (1711-1799)
Qianlong received traditional Han cultural education from an early age. He was proficient in the Four Books and Five Classics, poems, songs, calligraphy and painting, and had a high level of cultural accomplishment. , after taking power, he also attached great importance to cultural construction, "researching ancient and right texts, advocating Confucianism and promoting learning." His hobbies and advocacy of calligraphy are even better than those of his grandfather Kangxi. After several years, he deliberately searched for famous calligraphy works of all dynasties, and read, approved, and authorized many collections of calligraphy handed down from generation to generation. This collection of calligraphy art of all dynasties in my country was specially built. "Chunhua Pavilion" houses "Chunhua Pavilion Tie", and the style of Tie study became very popular at that time. Liang Shizheng, a great scholar, and others praised: "The emperor's nature is bound to Yi Yao, and he has studied the history of Guancang. Every time he has a spare time, he deeply explores the subtleties of the eight methods. Where Baohan hangs, the clouds are shining, the phoenix is ??in the sky, and the dragon is soaring. Based on the Bai family And after collecting their works, they followed the two kings and obtained their essence. They carefully inspected the works and studied them carefully. They were as good as those in the mirror and admired the Holy Emperor's ancient and diligent work. Seek, Jiahui comes to learn, Zhen Tao's heart will continue to increase forever."
***Look at Yanxi couplet and Shuangjue;
It is called the five pungents stored in the early spring.
Jiaqing (1760-1820)
All the emperors of the Qing Dynasty were good at calligraphy, which was first of all due to the strict cultural and educational tradition. In terms of calligraphy style, from Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong to Jiaqing, there is a continuous line of succession, which is probably not within the range of Dong Qichang and Zhao Meng\. The same was true for Emperor Jiaqing. The brushwork and structure of his calligraphy are very similar to Nai's father, but he lacks the unrestrained and unrestrained style of Emperor Qianlong and is a little more restrained. This is probably due to differences in individual talents and levels of learning.
The cranes soar, the pearls and the trees soar towards the morning sun;
Fengzhu and Yaogang raise the auspicious clouds.
Daoguang (1782-1850)
Emperor Daoguang was the only emperor in the Qing Dynasty who ascended the throne as the eldest son. Emperor Daoguang was diligent in governing, and when he was busy, he also entertained himself with calligraphy and painting. Judging from the calligraphy couplets below, it can be seen that his calligraphy was heavily influenced by Yan Lugong, and also by Yu Shinan, Zhao Songxue and other Songxiu Yiyi.
The work lies in the classics and the writings in the country;
It is as clear as ice and jade and as heavy as a mountain.
Xianfeng (1831-1861)
Xianfeng, whose full name is Aixinjueluo Yiqi, was the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang. He was the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs in 1644 The seventh emperor was also the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He ascended the throne at the age of 20. He was the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty to inherit the throne through a secret reserve system. He had a father-son relationship with Emperor Tongzhi and an uncle-nephew relationship with Emperor Guangxu. Emperor Xianfeng's reign was short-lived, but his Han culture was as good as his father's. The calligraphy is mellow and dignified, neither impatient nor impetuous. It has an aura of royal wealth and grace that permeates it, which cannot be written by a minister.
Observing the mind in movement and stillness is a virtue;
Knowing the right time to be in harmony with one another.
Tongzhi (1856-1875)
Emperor Tongzhi was the only son of Emperor Xianfeng, and his mother was his concubine Yehenala, the famous Empress Dowager Cixi. He became emperor in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861) and reigned for 13 years.
During the reign of Emperor Tongzhi, the Qing government suppressed the Taiping Rebellion and suppressed rebellions in the West and East. He also successively suppressed the revolts in Shaanxi and Gansu, and at the same time established the New Deal for Westernization, which is known as the "Tongzhi Zhongxing" in history.
Study in agriculture and trade, and have a solid foundation in management;
Be honest and simple, and be humble and unpretentious.
Guangxu (1871-1908)
Emperor Guangxu, the eleventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was also the ninth emperor after the Qing Dynasty took over the Central Plains. Emperor Guangxu was controlled by the Empress Dowager Cixi throughout his life and never had real power. In 1898, Emperor Guangxu implemented the "1898 Reform", but it was opposed by conservatives led by Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Guangxu planned to rely on Yuan Shikai to contain this force headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, but he was betrayed by Yuan Shikai and was imprisoned in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai by Empress Dowager Cixi ever since. The entire reform lasted only 103 days, so it was called the "Hundred Days Reform". Emperor Guangxu died suddenly on November 14, 1908, at the age of 38.
The poems in the volume are all beautiful;
Articles are priceless in the world.
Xuan Tong (1906-1967)
Aixinjueluo Puyi, courtesy name Yaozhi and Haoran. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the last emperor in Chinese history. Also known as the Qing Fei Emperor or the Xuantong Emperor. Since he ascended the throne, he has received strict supervision and guidance from famous teachers such as Lu Runxiang and Chen Baochen. His calligraphy studies include Ouyang Xun and Yu Shinan, who are quite capable of capturing their essence.
Heirlooms are virtuous but honest;
Being ordinary but straightforward.