1. Origin of the surname
The surname Xi (Xī) has two origins:
1. It comes from the surname Ren, which originated in the Xia Dynasty and is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. After Zhong, the surname was named after the ancestor (place). According to "Differentiation of Ancient and Modern Surname Books": "The surname Xi comes from the surname Ren. After Xia Chezheng and Xi Zhong, they took the names of Wang and his son as their surname." The ancestor of the Xi surname is Yuyang. Yuyang was one of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor and was granted the title of Ren (now Jining, Shandong Province), hence his surname Ren. Sun Mingzhong, a descendant of Yuyang, grew up in Xidi (around Chengde, Hebei Province) under the jurisdiction of the Xia Dynasty. He was known as Xi Zhong in history and served as Chezheng of the Xia Dynasty (the person who managed and made chariots). Xi Zhong originally lived in Xue (now southeast of Teng County, Shandong Province), and later moved to Pi (now northwest of Weishan, Shandong Province). The descendants of Xi Zhong used "Xi" as their surname and were called the Xi family.
2. From the ethnic minorities in northern China in ancient times. According to "History of the Road", after the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe, there was the Xi clan. According to the "Book of Wei·Guanshi Zhi": "Bo Xi's family and Da Xi's family are all changed to Xi's family."
The ancestor of the surname: Xi Zhong. The surname Xi originated from the Xia Dynasty. According to "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books", "Coming from the surname Ren, Xia Sizheng, after Xi Zhong, took the name of Wangfu as his surname." It is said that he is also the inventor of the vehicle. The official position of chariot chief is very important. In ancient times, only nobles could ride in the car. Therefore, this official position can only be held by the royal family. Xi Zhong was granted the title "Xi" due to his meritorious service. Therefore, the descendants of Xi Zhong took the "Xi" in the name of the feudal city as their surname and were called the Xi family. Therefore, the descendants of the Xi family regard Xi Zhong as the ancestor of the surname Xi.
2. Migration Distribution
(Missing) The surname Xi is not among the top 100 surnames in both mainland China and Taiwan. The surname Xi is the first surname recorded in Chinese history. As early as the days of Emperor Shun and Yao, emperors did not have surnames. However, when Dayu was controlling floods, a man named Xi Zhong invented the car, which effectively assisted Dayu in controlling floods. Therefore there is: "Yu the Great controlled the floods, and Xi Zhong built the chariots." This is the earliest record of a surname in Chinese history. According to "Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surname Books", "It comes from the surname Ren. After Xia Sizheng and Xi Zhong, he took the surname of Wangfu as his surname." "Car" has been an important means of transportation for human beings since ancient times, and it has been recorded in ancient my country The allusion of "Xi Zhong built a car" has entered the annals of history. There are not many people with the surname Xi in our country, but they have a very glorious family background. The ancestor of the surname Xi is Xi Zhong, a great inventor who worked for the benefit of mankind. Xi Zhong was a native of the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago and served as an official of "Che Zheng". "Shuowen" says: "The general name of Che Yu's theory was created by Xizhong during the Xia Dynasty." According to the above records, our country The ancestor of the Xi surname, Xi Zhong, was originally a descendant of the Yellow Emperor's Ren surname. When it was passed down to the Xia Dynasty, because Xi Zhong made four contributions to the country, his descendants took his surname as their surname, and it was passed down from generation to generation. Not all people with the Xi surname are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Historically, some of the descendants of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people changed their surname to Xi. In the Daibei region, there were ethnic minority groups named Da Xi and Bo Xi who also changed their surname to "Xi". They all followed Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. After moving south to the Central Plains, they changed their surnames to Han and gradually integrated into the Chinese nation. The Xi surname later developed into a prominent family in Qiaoguo County, and was known as Qiaoguowang in the world.
3. Historical celebrities
Xi Zhong: Minister of Xia Yu. At the beginning, Huangdi built a chariot, Shao Wu added oxen, and Xi Zhong added horses, so he ordered Xi Zhong to be the driver of the chariot. Build different styles of cars and install different logos to distinguish between superior and inferior.
Xi Tuan: A native of the county in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Shi Dian Ma Mu, favored by Emperor Zhaocheng. At that time, the country had a good horse called "Guanliu", but it suddenly disappeared overnight and it was impossible to find it. Later, I learned that Liu Kuren, a master from the south, had stolen it and kept it in a cave. Xi Tan heard this and galloped to fetch the horse. Ku Ren was ashamed and attacked Xi Tan because he was favored by his nephew. Xi Tan knocked off his hair and injured one of his breasts. When Fu Jian sent Ku Ren and Wei Chen to take charge of the respective kingdoms, Tan was frightened and ran to Wei Chen. When Daowu destroyed Wei Chen, Xi Tan returned late, so he was named after his old minister.
Xi Jin: A great general of Wanqi during the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was the son of Xi Tan, a man of dexterity and discernment. When he first came to the country, he and Changsun Fei and others all controlled the forbidden troops. Later, he became a minister and became close to everyone around him. Conquer Murong Bao from Shenhe. At the beginning of the emperor's reign, he paid homage to the captain of the Yue Cavalry School, and stayed in the forbidden brigade of the Diansu Guard. When the chariot returned to the capital, thieves from Boling, Bohai, and Zhangwu counties joined forces, and Jin and Lueyang Gongzun waited for peace. Join the expedition and defeat the high chariot tribes. He also defeated the Kudi and Youlian tribes and moved their other tribes to Sainan. They also attacked Hou Mochen's tribe and reached Da'e Valley, where they set up garrison and returned. The envoy who moved the capital to Shui became a general of the Jin army and governor of Youzhou, and was given the title of Marquis of Shanyang.
Xi Nai: A native of Yishui in the Tang Dynasty. Famous ink making expert. The ink is not only black and shiny, but also fragrant. The two characters "Xi Nai" or "Geng Shen" are printed on the ink. His younger brother and son were famous for making ink, and the Southern Tang Dynasty gave him the surname Li. His grandson Li Tinggui made better ink, and it was known as "Li Tinggui ink" and sold well all over the world.
Xi Zhi: The courtesy name is Yinqing. He first moved west from Qiaobo, so he is a native of Jingzhao. If you are young and dedicated, you will know all the books. At the end of Dali, Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, he was promoted to Jinshi, with a clear and elegant literary style, and was awarded the title of Collector of Hongwen Hall. When Dezong was established, he admonished the official Cui Hetu to uphold the integrity of the envoys to Tubo, show off his duties, and refuse to bow to the old man. Yang Yan assisted in the administration and was summoned to teach Zuo Shiyi. When relatives are in mourning, rituals are ruined. Zhu Sifan traveled to Xingyuan by road and chariot, where he paid homage to Julang and Hanlin bachelor, but did not take up his post. After the thief was defeated, he was changed to the prince Si Yilang, and he was not a member of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Personnel. He will be left as a minister, but he will be transferred to the left as a doctor.
Xi Chao: The founder of Huimo. Huimo was founded in the late Tang Dynasty. Xi Chao, a descendant of the Xi family of ink-making in Yishui (now Yizhou, Hebei Province), fled south to Shezhou with his family to avoid war. Seeing the dense pine forests and clear streams here, he settled down and resumed his old business of ink-making. The ink he created was "rich in texture, smooth in texture, and as shiny as paint." During the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, the later master, obtained Xi's ink and regarded it as a treasure. Then he ordered his son Xi Tinggui to be a "mo official" and gave him the national surname Li as a reward. From then on, the Xi family changed their surname to Li. Li Mo in Shezhou became famous all over the world and was known as "gold is easy to come by, but Li Mo is difficult to obtain". The national ink-making center also moved south to Shezhou. Since then, ink-making masters have emerged one after another, such as Geng, Zhang Yu, Pan Gu, Wu Zi, Dai Yanheng, etc., and Huizhou's ink industry has entered its first heyday.
Xi Rongjun: His surname is Xi, his given name is Rongjun, and his courtesy name is Zixi. He was a native of Wei in the late Spring and Autumn Period and one of Confucius' students. "Historical Records of Justice" says that he was a Weiguo person. In Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty, he was granted the title of "Xiapi Bo", and in the Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of "Marquis of Jiyang".
In addition, there are Xi Juan, the Marquis of Lu in the Western Han Dynasty, Xi Yi, the Marquis of Chengtang, Xi Shixun in the Song Dynasty, Xi Ming, the censor of agricultural supervision in the Ming Dynasty, Xi Tao, the poet and painter of the Qing Dynasty, Xi Que, the painter... and so on.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
According to the record of "Surname Source": "Xia Che Zhengxi Zhong moved to Qiu, and later So he was called the Xi family." Looking out over the country of Qiao.
Qiao County: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a part of the Jian'an County of Pei State established a county to govern Qiao County, which is now in Bozhou City, Anhui Province. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was Qiaojun in Bozhou.
Beihai County: The Han Dynasty established Beihai County to govern Yingling (now southeast of Changle, Shandong Province). During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Beihai County was Qingzhou and governed Yidu. It governed Weifang and other places in present-day Shandong Province. The Han and Tang Dynasties were all located in Beihai County.
2. Hall number
The main hall names of Xi surname are: "Ligengtang" and so on.
=========================================== =================
Universal couplets for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
〖Four-character universal couplets for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi〗
< p> Originated from the Xia Dynasty;Looking out of the Qiao Kingdom.
——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xi written by an anonymous person
The whole couplet refers to the origin and county prestige of the surname Xi.
Xia Chaozheng;
Tiesheng in Qing Dynasty.
——Li Wenzheng wrote the general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet refers to Xi Zhong, the minister of the Xia Dynasty. It is said that the Yellow Emperor once built a chariot, and Shaohao equipped the chariot with oxen. Xi Zhong then equipped the chariot with horses and was appointed chariot chief. Xialiandian refers to Xi Gang, a seal engraver and painter of the Qing Dynasty, with the courtesy name Chunzhang, nickname Tiesheng, also known as Hezhusheng, Mengquan Waishi, Sanmu Jushi, Donghua Temple owner, and a native of Qianyong in Zhejiang Province. He is withdrawn and upright, and became famous for his paintings when he was young. During Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, he was taking the boy examination. The prefect of Hangzhou sent someone to arrest him and asked him to paint murals for the palace. He said: "How can anyone be arrested for painting! The head can be cut off, but the painting will not be done!" The person who captured him said: "You are not a Tongsheng, you are simply a Tie Sheng." So he took the title Tie Sheng and was forbidden to take the imperial examination for the rest of his life. He learned seal cutting from Ding Jing and developed it with a clear and elegant style. He is one of the "Eight Masters of Xiling". He is good at painting landscapes and can also make flowers, bamboos and orchids. He also works in running script and official script. He is the author of "The Remaining Drafts of Donghuaan Jin".
Che Zheng Shize;
Hong Nong’s family voice.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet refers to Xi Zhong, who was the "Chezheng" of the Yellow Emperor at that time and was famous for building cars.
The second couplet refers to Xijin of the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was granted the title of King Hongnong.
It is said that the car is straight in ancient times;
Each row of Confucian gates.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi.
The first couplet refers to Xi Zhong as Chezheng during the time of the Yellow Emperor. The second couplet refers to Xi Jun, a disciple of Confucius with literary talents.
The world is called Zhongxiao;
The city name is Lianneng.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet refers to Xi Jin in the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was famous for his loyalty and filial piety. Xialiandian refers to Xisi in the Song Dynasty, who was responsible for assisting the counties and counties, and had the reputation of Lian Neng.
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Five-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xi〗
The study house is home to three treasures;
Selang is a family.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet lists Xi Tinggui and Xi Nai’s grandson, two famous ink masters of the Five Dynasties. The ink he made was like jade and the writing was like rhinoceros, and it was called Tinggui ink at that time. Together with "Chengxintang Paper" and "Longwei Inkstone", it is also known as the Three Treasures of the Study. The lower couplet shows Xi Gang, a Qing Dynasty painter and seal engraver, whose courtesy name was Chunzhang and who was born in Qiantang. The seal cutting style is clear and elegant, and it is one of the "Eight Masters of Xiling".
Qiyuping Mountain Woodcutter;
General Wanqi.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet shows Xi Yi, a poet and painter of the Qing Dynasty, with the courtesy name Xubai and also the courtesy name Lotte. He was a native of Gui'an, and his name was Fangping Shanqiao. , also known as Yulou. His home is in the south of the county town. There is a building next to the stream and close to Xian Mountain. Seven elm trees are planted to cover the outside, which is called the elm building. After Xia Lian Dian came out, Wei Wanqi's general Xi Jin made great achievements in the expedition. After Taiwu became the crown prince, he listened to the government, with Jin as his assistant, and he was clever and discerning. His posthumous title was Zhao.
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Seven-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Xi〗
The household department is both civil and military. ;
Poems and books are both wonderful and iron-clad.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
The first couplet lists Xi Shiliang, the head of the Nanjing Household Department in the Ming Dynasty, with the courtesy name Mingzhong and a native of Huanggang. Jiajing Jinshi, Li Yanping Prefecture. At that time, the Japanese pirates personally risked their own arrows and stones to resist them. The southern city had been captured, so they fought westward and were killed by several swords. Xiagang, a poet, calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty, whose name is Tiesheng, is known in Xialiandian. He is skilled in poetry and calligraphy, is good at seal cutting, is good at landscapes, and takes unrestrained and self-satisfied as his motto. Obtained Nantian Weng’s will. Orchid and bamboo are also extremely detached.
The sound of the four bis writing is as small as that of Zou Lu;
The autumn color of a courtyard is ancient.
——Xi Gang wrote a universal couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi.
This couplet is a self-inscribed couplet by Xi Gang, a poet, calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty.
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Common couplets of seven characters or more in the ancestral hall of the surname Xi〗
Dingding was sealed, Yuan Dynasty Gong lives in the seventh position;
He does not avoid changes, and his loyalty is blocked in both places.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Xi
A record of the affairs of Xi Shiliang, the magistrate of Yanping Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty. The Xialian Dian contains the deeds of Xi Juan, a famous general in the Han Dynasty. Juan entered the Han Dynasty from Gaozu Gaipei, appointed the princes as a general, and was granted the title of Marquis of Lu.
Learned from Confucius, seventy sages, and preached the holy way;
The Han Dynasty with high achievements, hundreds of millions of years of incense, forever building mountains and rivers.
——General couplet of the ancestral hall of the Xi family written by an anonymous person
This couplet is the couplet of the ancestral hall of the Xi family in Xi Village, Wuhu County, Anhui Province.
Appendix: Allusions and interesting stories about the surname Xi
"Xi Zhi held a tea party"
The tea ceremony originated in the Tang Dynasty. Feng Yan, a contemporary of Lu Yu, said in his "Fengshi Hearing and Seeing Notes": "Because Hongjian's theory (that is, Lu Yu) was widely polished in the Tea Book, the tea ceremony became very popular, and all the princes and officials Drinker." This is the earliest record mentioning the term "tea ceremony". According to Feng Yan, Lu Yu was the first to summarize and elaborate on the "tea ceremony".
However, it is difficult to find detailed documentation on how the "Tea Ceremony" was specifically demonstrated in life at that time. Only the "Taiping Guangji" written by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty at the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty recorded the incident of Xi Zhi holding a tea party, which can still be seen as one or two of the "Tea Ceremony" of the Tang Dynasty.
Xi Zhi was a Jinshi in the last years of Emperor Dali of the Tang Dynasty. He was also a contemporary of Lu Yu during the reign of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty. The incident of Xi Zhi's tea party mentioned in "Taiping Guangji" happened when Lu Yu was promoting the tea ceremony. This story says:
When Xi Zhi became the minister of the Ministry of official affairs, tea drinking was already highly respected by the world. Xi Zhi was extravagant by nature, and he prepared a complete set of rare and exquisite tea sets that were not found even in the homes of ministers at that time, such as wind stoves, Yue Ou porcelain cups, bowl holders, and horn daggers.
One day when the weather was hot, he invited a group of colleagues from the government office to hold a tea party in the hall of his home. There were more than 20 guests who came at that time. Xi Zhi sat at the head of the table on the east side, but those who were offering tea started serving tea from the guests on the west side. There were only two tea bowls for more than twenty people drinking tea, and the amount of tea was very small. The guests laughed and chatted from time to time while drinking tea, so the tea bowls were passed around more and more slowly.
Due to the hot weather and thirst, Xi Zhi looked at the tea bowl that was still coming, and gradually became irritable. At this moment, an uninterested subordinate came in with a lot of account books and pens and inkstones, placed them on the desk in front of Xi Zhi, and asked him to sign them. Xi Zhi looked at this man and saw that his face was covered with oil and sweat, and he was fat and dark. Xi Zhi, who was extremely anxious, felt disgust and pushed him away suddenly, saying angrily: "Take it over there!" The unfortunate subordinate was suddenly pushed hard, and the person and the desk were thrown away They fell to the ground together, inkstone splashed everywhere, and his face and the account books were all stained black. Everyone laughed.
It can be seen from this story that this tea party is extraordinary and very particular. For example, there must be a set of very exquisite tea sets. More than 20 people are sitting on the east and west sides, and there are special tea sets. The tea-servers serve tea to the guests in a certain order. The guests only use two bowls to drink leisurely, and the amount of tea is not much. Is drinking tea from two bowls passed around like strong tea? Or should I order one bowl and drink one bowl instead of two bowls? Although this is not very clear, people who are familiar with modern Japanese tea ceremony will definitely see that the etiquette of this tea party is similar to some "practices" in Japanese tea ceremony, such as the emphasis on tea sets, the location of host and guest seats, and special The order of serving tea and serving tea, etc. The origin of Japanese tea ceremony seems to be seen from this record.
Of course, the tea party arranged by Xi Zhi is still far from the true tea ceremony. It only has the form of the tea ceremony, but does not have the realm of the tea ceremony, let alone the spirit of the tea ceremony. With this event The last behavior of Xi Zhi, the owner of the tea party, is enough to illustrate this point.
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
〖Xi Tinggui, a master of ink making〗
One of the four treasures of the study, "ink" , is an important item in traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting. It forms a unique style in the development of Chinese culture. Without "ink", the art of calligraphy and painting would be impossible to talk about. The quality of "ink" will directly affect the effect of calligraphy and painting. In addition to the function of "ink", its shape brings together the skills of painting, calligraphy, sculpture and traditional crafts, and it is also a unique handicraft. It has been collected by collectors of all ages since ancient times.
There is no conclusion yet on when ink was invented in our country. "Shu Ancient Calligraphy Compilation" records that "Xing Yi began to make ink". It is said that Xing Yi, who lived during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty (827 BC - 782 BC), was washing his hands by the river. He accidentally picked up a piece of burnt charcoal and turned his hands black. He was inspired by the charcoal staining his hands. So he ground charcoal into fine powder, mixed it with gruel and other sticky substances and dried it to make an ink block, so it became the first artificial ink. The earliest physical object of ancient ink seen in our country was the ancient ink unearthed from a Qin Dynasty tomb in Suihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei Province in 1975.
Since ancient times, our country has attached great importance to the production of ink, and many famous ink makers have emerged. Xi Chao and Xi Tinggui were the most outstanding ink-making masters in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties period of our country.
Xi Chao and Xi Tinggui, father and son, were born in Yishui (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties. They were craftsmen who made ink as a profession. At that time, the society was in turmoil, and the Xi family, father and son, moved to Shezhou (today's She County, Anhui Province) to continue their business of making ink.
They carefully studied the ink-making experience of their predecessors and summarized the practical experience in ink-making. In addition, there are dense pine forests in Shezhou, which are excellent raw materials for making ink. The Xi father and son learned from the strengths of others and strived for excellence. In the process of continuous innovation, we realized that the blackness of the ink is closely related to the purity and particle size of the pine black used to make the ink. The ink color is black and bright, the carbon should be pure black, the particles should be fine, and the ash content should be less, so the dispersion is high. While they select materials and improve the formula, they also reform the production process. After hard work, creative production, and careful processing, we finally produced high-quality fine ink that is "hard as jade, as smooth as rhinoceros" and "rich in texture, smooth as texture, and as shiny as lacquer". It is said that this kind of ink does not deteriorate even after being soaked in water for three years. It has been highly praised by literati and poets. Therefore, "Tinggui ink" is famous at home and abroad.
Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty loved fine ink. They greatly appreciated the outstanding contributions of Xi Chao and Xi Tinggui in making ink. They appointed Xi Chao as an ink official, and the family was given the "national surname" Li, which was a very high honor in the feudal society at that time.
Therefore, "Tinggui Mo" was also called Li Mo, and he became famous all over the world. "Gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is hard to find." Li Mo's ink was of such high quality and precious value that emperors and literati of the past dynasties cherished it very much and regarded it as a treasure. Xi Tinggui's younger brother and his son both inherited the skill of making ink and became famous ink makers one after another. Xi Tinggui's superb ink-making skills have been highly valued by future generations, making Shezhou ink-making a unique tradition. The inheritance and development of Xi Tinggui's ink-making technology has been passed down from generation to generation, with a history of more than 1,000 years.