Huang Tingjian was a famous writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty and the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School. He, Chao and Qin Guan have all traveled to Sumen, and they are called "the four sons of Sumen". Huang Tingjian had a great influence on the poetry circle, and he was called "Su Huang" with Su Shi in Yuan You. Huang Tingjian has a famous saying "Nian Nu Jiao breaks the rainbow rain", which reads as follows:
On August 18, I stepped out of Yong 'an Tower with Zhu Sheng and went to Zhang Kuan Fuyuan for the moon. Occasionally, there are famous wines, because the guests are treated like golden lotus flowers. The guest is Sun, who is good at playing flute. Write long and short sentences in Yuefu without words.
Broken rainbow rain, clear autumn sky, dyed mountains, trimmed eyebrows and new green. Guiying helps the poor, who is short of sidewalks and lights tonight? Wan Li blue sky, Chang 'e where, driving this round of jade. The cold light is messy, who is exposed?
When I was young, I chased you. When it was cool at night, I took a walk near Mu Sen, Bird. * * * Jin Furong, home Wan Li rare honour before returning. In my life, I like the breeze songs in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. Sun Lang smiled and sat down to spray frosted bamboo.
Huang Tingjian was eager to learn since childhood and had extraordinary intelligence. He always feels that he is knowledgeable and talented, and no one of his local peers can compare with him. He should go out of his hometown, broaden his horizons and learn a lot. In this way, he left his hometown to repair water, went out of Wuning, passed Ruichang and went straight to Jiangzhou, a prosperous place.
I heard that Huang Tingjian, a talented boy, came to Jiangzhou. Some scholars in Jiangzhou thought they were quite talented and came to visit this romantic boy in succession. In the meantime, there are admiration and jealousy.
One day, the literati of Jiangzhou Prefecture met to accompany Huang Tingjian to visit Jiangzhou scenic spots and invited poetry to try out talents.
When they came to Gantang Lake together, they saw that the lake was full of smoke and sparkling. Cao Gang saw a tourist smoking in the moonlight pavilion in the lake. He hesitated for a long time, sang the first part, and asked Huang Tingjian to answer correctly:
Smoke booth, water-absorbing smoke, hookah.
Huang Tingjian remembered the "wave well" dug by Liu Bang, a general of the Han Dynasty who had just visited the north of the city. Without thinking, he casually said:
Wind well, waves and wind, the wind rises from the waves.
Everyone can't help cheering in unison. A group of people walked around, talking and laughing, chatting about poetry, so happy!
Huang Tingjian is eloquent and answers fluently. Literati who traveled with him admired him and flattered him with words from time to time. Seeing people around boasting like stars, Huang Tingjian's old habit of being young and arrogant gradually broke again. When a group of people came to Sixian Bridge, he proudly said to everyone, "Thank you for your kindness and help you to be happy. I have an online copy, please don't hesitate to give me your advice. " Say that finish, bob to sing a way:
Sixian Bridge, a place where people think of sages, is famous for its awe-inspiring secretariat.
Unexpectedly, Huang Tingjian suddenly came to this skill, and all scholars were caught off guard, and no one answered correctly for a long time. Faced with such an embarrassing situation, Huang Tingjian smiled and said, "You don't have to be embarrassed. Didn't Bai Jushi write a pipa at the head of Xunyang River? From there, you can continue a good bottom line. " He said, and shook his head proudly, slowly read aloud a way:
Pipa pavilion, pipa under the pavilion, full of tears.
At an early age, Huang Tingjian was so knowledgeable that everyone could not help but admire him. In this way, he will feel more superior, and no one in Jiangzhou can compare with him.
So, he said to everyone in an arrogant and provocative tone: "I'm a little ignorant, so I won't take the liberty to see who has any brilliant ideas so that I can learn."
Hearing this, everyone was ashamed and angry, and they all tried their best to embarrass him and ridicule him to destroy his pride. However, no one can think of any "brilliant idea".
Unconsciously, a group of people have come to Xiao Qiao's dressing downstairs. Suddenly, Cao Gang bowed to Huang Tingjian and said, "A few years ago, there was a scholar here whose wife was also a scholar. On the wedding night, her wife wrote the first couplet upstairs and asked her husband to make the second couplet, otherwise she would not be allowed to go to bed. "
Cao Gang sighed and said, "However, that scholar never knew how to write couplets, and later he died of depression."
He looked at Huang Tingjian and continued: "From then on, it is really shameful that this pair has not matched for many years. Now, please give me your advice. " Say that finish, then slowly read out the young lady:
Dressing up, infatuation, infatuation, interested in flattery.
As soon as Huang Tingjian heard it, he tasted the implication of Cao Shusheng: "They not only asked me to make couplets, but also compared me to a stupid woman. It's ridiculous." He looked up and saw the dense temples and the smoky Yinzhi Mountain. This scene was touching, and then he unfolded his eyebrows and intoned:
Flowers and trees fall under the mountain, and spring is hard to stay.
Afterwards, they went abroad for sightseeing.
Ten miles after the ship sailed, the boatman boy, who was pulling down the awning rope from the mast, learned that the boy standing at the bow overlooking the distance was Huang Tingjian, so he deliberately started a conversation with him and asked humbly, "Dare you ask, sir, are you Huang Tingjian, a' prodigy' who can write poetry?"
Huang Tingjian nodded politely. The boatman boy smiled and said, "We rough people in the Jianghu are a little vulgar at ordinary times. Here's a pair, only the upper part is not the lower part. I want to ask you, sir. I don't know if you are in the mood now. "
Hearing this, Huang Tingjian cocked his head and looked at it. When he saw the young man dressed as a boatman, he turned to ignore him. The boatman's boy didn't get angry when he saw it, but said to himself, "Hey, I didn't expect a little famous person in the state capital, Manjiang, to be afraid of a boy on board."
"What? If you vulgar people have any poems and articles, come out if you are not afraid of embarrassing yourself! " Huang Tingjian said unhappily.
The boatman boy still smiled, bowed his hand, politely asked for advice, and then read aloud:
Sail a boat, paddle two oars, and support three or four. ...
Before the boatman's youth finished reading the first couplet, Huang Tingjian said with a smile, "How can a vulgar couplet be an elegant hall? But I'm bored now. Let's join in the fun. " Then he raised his hand and said, "Keep reading."
After listening to Huang Tingjian's contemptuous words, the boatman boy did not express disgust, but said, "Don't worry, please listen carefully." Then, read the first part from the beginning:
Drive a boat, paddle two oars, support three or four tents, take five or six passengers, cross Qilitan to Bali Lake, ten miles from Jiujiang.
This first part vividly reproduces the proud scene of their departure from Jiangzhou by boat, all the way east and bon voyage. After reading the first couplet, the boatman boy asked for the next couplet: "Where there are numbers in the last couplet, the numbers must be relative, but no matter in reverse order or order, there can be no word that is the same."
After listening to it, Huang Tingjian pondered it carefully, but he was surprised and puzzled: in the first part, all the numbers from one to ten have been used up, while in the second part, not only the numbers in the first part must match those in the second part, but also no word can be the same as the first part. Where can I find so many numbers compared to the first half? Huang Tingjian, who thought he was a great genius, was stumped by an ordinary boatman boy. He stood at the bow, silent for a long time, stupefied, and cold sweat poured out from his forehead. At this moment, he realized that he was not a very talented person and had been rich for five years. This is really "behind the scenes, there are people outside"!
So he told the boatman to turn around, gave up his plan to go to Suzhou and Hangzhou, and went back to his hometown via Jiangzhou, burying his head in studying hard.
In the fourth year of Song Zhiping, namely 1067, Huang Tingjian was admitted to the Jinshi examination and served as the county commandant of Yexian County in Ruzhou. Later, I took the exam of four Beijing Jinshi. Because the article in the exam was the best, he began to be a professor at imperial academy. Wen Yanbo, who stayed behind, thought he was talented and asked him to continue teaching.
Once, Su Shi saw Huang Tingjian's poems and thought that Huang Tingjian's poems were extraordinary and independent of thousands of poems. There was no such masterpiece in the world for a long time.
As a result, Huang Tingjian's reputation began to shake around. Huang Tingjian served as the magistrate of Taihe County for the convenience of governing the county. At that time, the class awarded salt burning, and other counties were vying for the majority. Taihe county is not alone, and the county officials are not happy, but all the people in the county like it.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, namely 1085, Huang Tingjian was called to Beijing as the secretary of the provincial school book lang, and later served as a reviewer of memoirs, and his works included Zuo Lang.
In the first year of you in Song and Yuan Dynasties, namely 1086, Zhezong ascended the throne and called Huang Tingjian as the proofreader of Zongshenlu.
In the early years of Song Shaosheng, Huang Tingjian was known to Xuanzhou and changed to Ezhou. Treacherous court officials Zhang Dun, Cai Bian and their henchmen thought that The Legend of the Immortal contained many untrue words, which made the former court historians live around the capital for questioning, and extracted more than a thousand articles to declare, saying that these were not verified. Soon, after the hospital's inspection and review, all of them were based on facts, leaving only 32 things.
Huang Tingjian wrote in "The Record of Gods" that "it is a joke to rule the river with iron claws", so he was questioned first.
Huang Tingjian replied: "Ting Jian was an official in the northern government. He saw it with his own eyes. It was really like a child's play at that time. " He answered all the questions truthfully without scruple, and everyone who heard him praised his courage and heroism. As a result, Huang Tingjian was demoted as a Fuzhou driver and placed in Guizhou. His attacker thought he would go to a good place and falsely accused him of breaking the law. Later, because of the suspicion of avoiding relatives, he moved to Rongzhou. Huang Tingjian seems to have nothing to do with this and doesn't mind relegation at all.
In the second year of Song Zhezong Fuyuan, namely1August, 099, Huang Tingjian enjoyed the moon and drank with a group of young people. A friend named Sun is good at playing the flute. The moonlight is like water, and the flute is melodious. In this situation, Huang Tingjian wrote Niannujiao Breaking the Rainbow Rain.
In this word, I wrote about people enjoying the moon. I wrote about the joy of going to the park, drinking under the moon and listening to music. The whole poem is full of emotion, and the majestic image exudes a kind of arrogant and uninhibited spirit, which fully shows the author's broad-minded mind that is not afraid of the ups and downs of life and the sinister world, and embodies his attitude towards life.
The meaning of this word is: It's sunny after the rain, and a rainbow appears on the horizon, with clear autumn sky in Wan Li. The beautiful mountains are washed away by the rain, as if covered with new green clothes. The osmanthus trees are still thick in the middle of the month. How can you say that the moonlight is not bright tonight? Where is Chang 'e in the clear sky of Wan Li? She drove this full moon and galloped in the night sky. The moonlight is cold, who will take this jar of wine?
A group of young people accompanied me, stepping on a remote path in the cool evening breeze, and entering the Zhangjia small garden full of trees, drinking and chatting happily. Let's fill the gold lotus leaf cup in our hands. Although we are thousands of miles away, it is really hard to have a happy time drinking wine. I have been wandering all my life, traveling all over the country, and I like listening to the frost flute on the breeze best. After hearing this, Sun Lang smiled and blew a more melodious flute.
In addition to writing lyrics, Huang Tingjian's poems are also excellent. He has a systematic theoretical proposition on poetry creation: emphasizing originality and individuality, advocating "taking the old as the new, taking the vulgar as the elegant", and introducing theories such as "turning the stone into gold" and "robbing the fetus to replace the bone". There are nearly 2000 poems in existence today. Except for a few works that reflect the social reality and people's livelihood in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, most of them are chapters about missing relatives and friends, expressing feelings, traveling, poetry and painting, which fully reflect the daily life and spiritual world of literati in the Song Dynasty.
The language of Huang Tingjian's poems is new, thin and hard, with steep syllables and fluctuating meanings. Pay special attention to learning from Du Fu and creating disharmonious laws. According to the theory of seven laws, the body is almost half. He is also good at calligraphy and cursive writing. He also has his own model, and is called "Song Sijia" with Su Shi, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Handed down from ancient times, there are ink "Hua Yan Shu", "Song Fengge Poetry" and "Zhu Shangtie". His works include Collection of Mr. Huang's Works with Emblems, Poems in Valley, Outside Valley and Other Poems.