The flower and bird characters evolved from the Bird and Insect calligraphy in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It originated from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, began in the Han Dynasty, "developed" in the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, matured in the Tang and Song Dynasties, became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and spread to date. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, princes from all over the country were hegemonic, and bronze objects were cast casually. Artists replaced a small number of strokes with "graphics" of birds, insects, and beasts and inlaid them with gold on the bronze objects for decoration. During the Warring States Period, they followed suit. After writing and standardizing, these bronze objects were directly copied. This kind of "decorative" character is cast on bronze vessels. The inscriptions on Goujian's sword and the imperial seal of Qin Shihuang also use this character. This special artistic calligraphy continued to be developed and used on seals and bronzes in the Han Dynasty. It was not until the appearance of "official script" in the Han Dynasty that it was "classified" as the so-called "bird-and-worm script" of the "seal script" type. It should actually be called flower and bird. The first character (rudiment) of the Chinese character, it is the predecessor of the character "花鸟" (combined character). The maturity of Han official script and cursive script, the emergence of regular script and running script, the invention and application of paper and various materials, and the creation of "Fei Bai Shu" by the famous calligrapher Cai Yong of the Eastern Han Dynasty (who was inspired by workers writing with brooms in Hongdu during the Xiping period) , the use of tablet pens, etc., all promoted the evolution of bird-and-worm calligraphy into flower-and-bird calligraphy. From then on, artists created "Niao-Chong official script", "Niao-Chong cursive script" and "Niao-Chong regular script" when decorating bronzes, pottery, stone carvings, jades, buildings, etc. The strokes and patterns of the characters were supplemented and borrowed from each other. Most of the character strokes were gradually replaced by patterns such as flowers, birds, fish and insects, and bamboo and wood brush-shaped flat pens were also used. The name "flower and bird characters" came into being in step with the times. The rise of running script in the Wei and Jin Dynasties promoted the development of flower and bird characters. Artists in the Tang Dynasty had incorporated techniques such as Shu script, Sui script, Yun script, and turtle script. In the early Qing Dynasty, they also absorbed techniques such as Western perspective, and the flower and bird characters were basically finalized. The development of the flower and bird (combination) characters to this day was jointly created by our ancestors and passed down from generation to generation. It was gradually developed and improved through thousands of years of long-term labor practice. Artists of all ages have continuously absorbed the essence of calligraphy and painting such as hieroglyphs, totem symbols, insect scripts, bird scripts, dragon scripts, sui scripts, lin scripts, fish scripts, tadpole scripts, cave paintings, etc., and studied and learned from Western paintings, vase paintings, and shadow paintings. , etchings, fine works of Chinese and foreign decorative paintings, traditional calligraphy and painting, paper-cutting, embroidery, New Year pictures expression forms and artistic techniques; they vividly depict various colorful flower and bird calligraphy and stroke patterns with their rich decorative language and beautiful lines full of rhythm and rhythm. , forming different artistic styles of each era. Gradually innovate the bird-and-worm calligraphy into its own unique art form and expression technique, and an artistic calligraphy style that expresses content, modeling concepts, and writing techniques - "modern" flower and bird (combined) characters.