Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight.
Zhang Ji, whose real name is Sun Yi, was born in Xiangzhou. His life is unknown. According to various records, only he was a scholar in the 12th year of Tianbao (AD 753). During the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, the founder of the school, was the judge of Hongzhou Salt and Iron Bureau. Liu Changqing wrote a poem "Mourning Zhang Wai Ji", noting that "the husband and wife are not in Hongzhou." Around the end of the Dali period. They are all poets. Gao Zhongwu compiled Miracle in Zhongxing, and selected 132 poems by 26 poets from the first year of Germany to the end of Dali, including 3 poems by Zhang Jishi. Gao Zhongwu commented on the cloud: "I'm tired of pronouns. I'm used to bows and fur." I'm not carving it myself. And Erdengdi, my hair at that time. Poetry is refreshing, and there is wind all the way. For example,' women stop to make incense. We know that his family has been a poet for generations, and now we can't know whose descendant he is. There are only more than 40 of his poems in Complete Tang Poetry, which are mixed with other people's poems. But Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said, "There are more than 30 poems by Zhang Jishi." (Shilin Shihua) It is understood that there are only more than 30 songs left in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji is not a master, and I am afraid he is not a master. "Collection of Tang Poems" lists his seven-character quatrains on the level of "accepting martial arts". If this song "a night-mooring near maple bridge" hadn't been handed down, we might have forgotten his name today. This poem, entitled "Sleeping in Songjiang", was selected for the first time in Miracle among Zhongxing. Poems of later generations are included in this poem.
From Zhang Ji's existing poems, we can know that he has been to Yanzhou, including "Fishing Terrace in Yanling", "To Huiji", "Snowfall in Huiji County Building" and "Autumn Night in Huiji". He has also been to Suzhou, including Youlingyan, Changmen and the poem "Sleeping at the Maple Bridge at Night".
Frosty Night, the first sentence explains the season. Frost can't cover the sky. The word "frost" should be understood as severe cold; First frost is full of sky, which is the image language of extremely cold air. Because it is cold, the crow can't sleep, so it is still crying. The moon sets in the middle of the night. It must always be in the last quarter of late autumn or early winter. Passengers sleep on the boat, not pleasant and comfortable sleep, but sleep with worries about the journey. This night's sleep has no companions, only the maple trees on the river and the fire of night fishing are relative to the travelers. This sentence is not difficult to understand, but it means to sleep with sadness. Later, people who didn't understand poetry doubted how Jiang Feng's fishing fire could make him sleep, so there was a sentence attached to it, saying that sleep is the name of the mountain opposite Hanshan Temple. Until modern times, this poem has been quoted, which is a great fallacy. Then the poet said that under such circumstances, it is not easy for passengers to fall asleep, let alone hear the bells of Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, and it is boring.
However, in the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu read this poem and raised a question. He said in "Poems on June 1": "There is a cloud in the Tang Dynasty: under the Gusu stage of Hanshan Temple, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight. The speaker also said that that sentence was good, but it was not the time to ring the bell. " He thinks that midnight is not the time to ring the bell, so this poem is good, but unrealistic. His quotation is wrong.
Many people don't agree with Ouyang Xiu's question. Wang Zhifang's poetry talks quoted a poem from Gu Yu: "Never enter the palace to accompany you, and listen to the midnight bell of Weishan in the distance." Bai Juyi's poem: "Under the new autumn shadow, after the midnight bell." "Fu Zhai Man Lu" quoted Huang Ran's poem: "Autumn is near the water moon, and night leaves the mountain bell." Cai's poem "Shilin" has no window clock at midnight. "These are the midnight bells heard by poets in the Tang Dynasty. Fan Yuanshi's Eye of Poetry also found the allusions of Heather's Midnight Bell. Shi Lin Shi Hua also proves that Suzhou Buddhist temple was still ringing at midnight in the Southern Song Dynasty. In this way, the problem was finally solved, and Ouyang Xiu was regarded by the masses as a rare man.
Hanshan Temple was originally just a small temple outside Suzhou. Since Zhang Ji's poem spread, it has become a place of interest. In the Northern Song Dynasty, philanthropists donated money to repair it. Zhu's "Wu Jun Tu Jing Continuation" recorded a cloud:
Fumyoji is located at West Shili Maple Bridge in Wuxian County. The name of Fengqiao is far away. Du Mushi tasted it, and Zhang Ji had a wonderful evening. Sun Chengzuo tasted it and built a tower here to welcome the abbot to celebrate. Forty or fifty years, completely renovated, facing the mountain and the water, you can have a rest. In the past, it was mistaken for bridge closure. Now, the Prime Minister Wang lives at the meridian gate and signs it himself.
Accordingly, Hanshan Temple was called Fumyoji in Song Dynasty. People used to call it a temple. That should be Fumyoji. However, Ye Mengde said, "At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu, the midnight bell arrives at the passenger ship. This poem is also called Tangxi Qiaofeng Temple. " (Stone Forest Shihua) The name of Qiao Feng Temple appears here again. Probably Hanshan Temple and Qiao Feng Temple are more vulgar.
2 Zhang Ji: Night Park Appreciation near Fengqiao (zt)
Qiao Feng Bridge was wrongly sealed in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Zhigong was the Prime Minister of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yuanfeng was named Qi Huangong in six years. After the farewell ceremony, I lived in Suzhou and wrote this poem engraved on the stone tablet, so I corrected the mistake of sealing words. Therefore, it can be seen that the title of his poem is "Sleeping at night by the Maple Bridge", not "Sleeping at night in Songjiang". About this poem and its title. It must have come from the temple on the shore. Why did his poem say "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" and the bell "reached" the passenger ship? I thought I chose the poem "Zhongxing Qiji" with the title "Sleeping at night in Songjiang", which was Zhang Ji's original title. His ship is not anchored under Hanshan Temple or Qiao Feng, but in Songjiang, far from Hanshan Temple and Qiao Feng. That's it. Number one. It seems that people in the Song Dynasty changed it. "All Tang Poems" bet on this poem: "Fengjiang stays overnight." Maybe this section of Wujiang River is also called Fengjiang. Later generations did not know that it was changed to Qiao Feng. It changed from a "night berth on the Fengjiang River" to a "a night-mooring near maple bridge".
There is no rubbings in Wang Jue's Poem Monument to a night-mooring near maple bridge, so I wonder if there are any similarities and differences in words. In the Southern Song Dynasty, this poem was mentioned in the Story of the Wu Dynasty written by Gong, but the second sentence was "Fishing in Jiangcun Village and Sleeping". By the Ming Dynasty, the tablet written by Wang Jue had probably been lost, so it was written by Suzhou calligrapher Wen Zhiming, and it was also carved on stone.
A night-mooring near maple bridge written by Tang Zhangji of Hanshan Temple has a long history. It was newly built by Zhongcheng in Hanshan Temple during the Bingwu period of Guangxu and belongs to Yu Yue.
Monument Yin also engraved with eight lines, saying:
A night-mooring near maple bridge, a poem written by Zhang Ji in the Tang Dynasty, is a household name, but the second sentence "Jiang Feng fishing for fire" is quite suspicious. Song Gongming's Moon Hee in Wuzhong is a fishing fire in Jiangcun, which is a treasure in the hometown of Song people. This poem was written on a stone in the Song Dynasty, but it is out of sight today. Books to be written in plain text are also well-written, and rivers are rich.
Cigong has been in ink for a long time, and there is no way to inquire about the tablet to be written.
Fortunately, Wu Ji is here, and the word "daughter" is Jiangcun.
Yu yue
This is when Yu Quyuan questioned the original poem, so he wrote this poem. In the Bingwu year of Guangxu (A.D. 1906), Shinohara Shi Chong became the Governor of Jiangsu, Chen. He also wrote an inscription, engraved on the side of the monument. The five lines of the official book are as follows:
Zhang's poems, handed down from generation to generation, have many similarities and differences. The title of the poem is Maple Bridge, but the old one was mistakenly used to seal the bridge. Wu Jun's map has been revised according to Wang Zhi's letter of appointment. Poetry is about fishing fire, or mistaking it for a fisherman, which is the basis of Yongzheng's compilation of all Tang poems. But if the cloud says "or make a fire", it is not the father's decision. "In Wu Wenji,
A seven-character quatrain in the Tang Dynasty was copied from generation to generation, and its writing was not correct, resulting in many entanglements. Although Yu Quyuan said that the word "forward" belonged to Jiangcun, he wrote Jiangfeng himself, so the version he wrote, as Chen Xiao said, has since become the final version. Hanshan Temple has become a scenic spot in Suzhou because of Zhang Ji's poems. Yu Quyuan's calligraphy is valued by people today, and Yu Quyuan is here. Rubbings are widely circulated. When Japanese tourists come to China, they must visit Hanshan Temple and buy a poem rubbings written by Qu Yuan as a souvenir. But the rubbings handed down are only three lines of poems and postscript of "Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge" on the tablet surface, but they are never rubbings, so I am here to make a record for them to preserve this Tang Shiyi dialect.
1936, the famous painter Wu Hufan asked the poet Zhang Puquan to inscribe the "a night-mooring near maple bridge" poem tablet. Zhang Puquan's name is also his heir, and asked the modern poet Zhang Ji to write a poem by Zhang Ji, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, which added another story to the Tang Dynasty. Since then, Yu Quyuan's poem tablet and Zhang Pu's poem tablet in spring have been placed side by side in the temple. It is said that Kang Youwei also wrote this poem, and there are woodcuts in the temple, which I have never seen.
1939 During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the traitor Liang Hongzhi set up a pseudo-"reform government" in Nanking. At that time, Asahi Shimbun in Osaka, Japan, was going to hold the Great East Asia Expo, and wanted to transport Hanshan Temple poetry tablets in this name. What the Japanese want, of course, is the article written by Yu Quyuan. The traitors dared not offend the people and sent the original to flatter them, so they asked Qian Rongchu, a stonemason in Suzhou, to copy it as it was. This sculpture is very exquisite, it's simply genuine. Later,
A seven-character quatrain has been loved and valued by people at home and abroad for hundreds of years. This also makes an abandoned temple a historical attraction. This is the uniqueness of the poem a night-mooring near maple bridge.