(about 585 BC ~ 500 BC) The word Zhong, posthumous title "Ping", so later generations also called it Yan, or honorific. Qi Guowei (now Gaomi, Shandong) was born. In 556 BC, after the death of his father Wei Yan (Huan Zi, posthumous title), he inherited the Zhengqing of Qi State and ruled for nearly 50 years. He was a statesman as famous as Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period.
He put forward four propositions for the long-term stability and prosperity of Qi.
First, appoint people on merit, not individuals; Punishment does not avoid expensive, reward does not avoid cheap.
Second, the rich and the poor should be equally empowered or powerless; In case of poor harvest, it will be exempted. Under normal circumstances, it can only be "land to the tiller".
Third, the government advocates "salt fishing", and the state strives to develop the advantages of salt fishing, increase the revenue of the state treasury and reduce the burden on the people.
Fourth, relax severe punishment and severe laws. At that time, Qi Jinggong was extravagant and cruel, with no regard for human life. Yan Ying repeatedly said: "Save the punishment, the people don't complain; Gong Jing is governed by the principle of "thin tax collection, then the people know the kindness".
Yan Ying is famous for its frugality. As an assistant, he still lives in a humble room downtown. "Eating meat is not important, and my concubine is not rich in clothes and silk." He rides in our car and drives a horse. His wife is old and ugly. Qi Jinggong is willing to marry his beautiful young daughter, but he refuses.
Yan Ying not only tried his best to persuade the monarch, but also often asked his subordinates to give him advice. There was a man named Gao Jiao who was an official beside him for three years, but Yan Ying dismissed him. When others dissuaded me, Yan Ying said, "I am a very mediocre person and often make such and such mistakes. However, Gao Jiao followed me for three years, but never pointed out my mistakes. People who are afraid of things like this will be fired. "
Yan Ying is eloquent and an outstanding diplomat. He went to Jin, Chu, Lu, Wu and Wei, and he was able to accomplish his mission every time without damaging the national prestige. The story of "Yan Zi controls Chu" has been circulated in the diplomatic history to this day.
■ Zuo Si ■
Zuo Si was a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. The words are too strong. Linzi (now Zibo) was born. Zuo Si was conceited because of his talent when he was a teenager. He expressed his ambition in "Ode to an Epic":
A weak crown makes a soft heart. Zhuo Yu's view of group books.
On quasi-Qin dynasty. It is not enough to write a quasi-child.
Border town cries cymbals. Feathers fly to Kyoto.
It's not armor. Looking back.
The whistle blew the breeze. Without Wu Dong.
Lead knives are expensive to cut. Dream of a better picture.
This is a great style. Right hand Hu Qiang.
You won't be honored for your achievements. Long-term return to Tianlu.
Zuo Si thinks that his Wen Tao can be compared with Jia Yi and Sima Xiangru, and his military talents can be compared with Sima Yi, hoping to be reused by the imperial court and rule the world. On the day of success, he will not be knighted and retire to the countryside. But his ambition failed, and the rulers of the Western Jin Dynasty thought that he was born in poverty and abandoned him.
According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, left thinking is ugly and clumsy. Pan Yue, a contemporary of Zuo Si, is a famous handsome man. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi" records: "Pan Anren and Xiahou Zhan are beautiful and like to walk together, so they are called even walls." "Pan Yue wonderful, good expression. When I was young, I jumped out of Luoyang Road with my arms in my arms. A woman always holds her hand tightly when she meets her. " Correspondingly, the description of Zuo Si in Shi Shuo Xin Yu is: "Zuo Taichong was absolutely ugly, and he also returned to Yueyou, so the ministers spurned him and returned."
Zuo si is ugly, but he is very talented. Sandu Fu and Ode to History are his representative works.
According to the Book of Jin, Zuo Si failed to learn books and enjoy music when he was young. His father thinks he is stupid and his left thinking is stimulated. He studies hard. Ten years later, he wrote Sandu Fu. "Sandu Fu" is widely circulated in Luoyang, the capital city. People are amazed and copy it one after another, and the paper is several times more expensive at once. The original paper with 1,000 words per knife suddenly rose to 2,000 words and 3,000 words, and then it was thrown out; Many people have to go to other places to buy paper to copy this ancient name. This is the origin of the idiom Luoyang paper is expensive! "Four Poems of Carving a Dragon in the Literary Mind" says that "Zuo Si is linked with one discipline" and lists him as one of the ancient slow writers, and evaluates him as "slow in thinking despite his great works." The same is Liu Xie, who commented on Pan Yue: "An Ren is light and sensitive, so it flows forward and rhymes."
Zuo Si's Eight Poems on Epics is not devoted to eulogizing the ancients and ancient events, but to writing his own arms. This is the first song, but it is an expressive work. During the shogunate period, China, Japan and Jin made constant enemies, and Wu was attacked in the fifth year of Xianning (279). In the imperial edict, "Sun Hao invaded the land and the border, ... and made great efforts to sentence Wu to the south and Rong to the north", which is consistent with the situation described in this poem.
This article is straightforward, eloquent, incisive and open-minded. However, these statements are not ambiguous. The poet skillfully expresses his lofty aspirations through concrete things that can stimulate people's imagination. For example, when describing his outstanding literary talent, the poet said, "He wrote the book Guo Qin and Zi Xu, which makes people feel that he has the talents of Jia Yi and Sima Xiangru. For another example, when he said that Wu jumped over people, he called the police in the border town and learned the art of war by himself. Instead of empty talk about his ambition, he wrote: "Without Wu Dong, there would be no ambition", which showed his bold and lofty thoughts. It is precisely because the arguments in the poem are closely related to concrete images that the whole poem has both momentum and vivid images.
This poem wins with emotion, but it is not negligent in language. Contradictory sentences are often used in poetry, making sentences calmly and reading naturally and smoothly. He can also refine Chinese characters, such as the word "Nong", which vividly shows the poet's brushwork as white as white and handy; The word "excited" of "whistling stirs the breeze" writes the poet's spirit of fighting the wind and waves; The words "left" and "right" are even more imposing. These words are vivid and vivid, showing the poet's ability to control words.
■ Bao Zheng (Bao Qingtian)
Bao Zheng (999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (Hefei, Anhui), was a scholar in Tiansheng for five years in the Northern Song Dynasty (1027).
After entering the Jinshi, because his parents are old, he can't bear to go far away to be an official. It was not until his parents died one after another and his filial piety was completed that he was persuaded by his relatives and friends to become an official. During this period, he was famous for his filial piety in the countryside for ten years.
Song served as the magistrate of Tianchang (Anhui Tianchang) for four years (1037), with considerable political achievements. After taking office, he was transferred to Zhiduan Prefecture (Zhaoqing, Guangdong). After returning to Beijing, he was appointed as the censor and changed to a "speech officer". Officials who misbehave or violate the law may be impeached. In order to punish corrupt officials, in August of the fourth year of Qing Dynasty (1044), he wrote "Begging for Corrupt Officials" to Renzong, thinking that incorruptibility is a model for people and stolen goods are "thieves". Bao Zheng wrote to Wang Kui seven times, exposing his "heart like a snake and scorpion" and harming the people. And severely criticized Song Ting's official appointment system. From the second year of your life (1050) to the third year of your life, Bao Zheng Zhijian Institute impeached Zhang Yaozuo, a consort, three times, trying to find out the extraordinary fraud case of the devil Leng Qing pretending to be a prince, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties.
During his tenure as a judge and deputy minister of the Third Division, Bao Zheng served as a transit ambassador in JD.COM, Shaanxi and Hebei. Everywhere he went, he took it as his duty to reduce the burden on the people, get rid of disadvantages and develop production, and put forward the economic thought of "benefiting the people and the country" Many times, for the sake of state affairs, the emperor said something that he didn't like to hear, criticized the minister's power, and asked him to stop the favor given by the emperor to the cronies and bureaucrats, and everything was changed to the normal channels of the competent departments. He wrote three memorials from Wei Zhi to Emperor Taizong, and dedicated them to Song Renzong, as his motto, always be vigilant and concentrate on state affairs. I asked Injong to be humble and trainable, to distinguish right from wrong, not to engage in "preconceptions", but to cherish talents, remove harshness, prohibit punishment, myths and heresies, and not to build at will, and so on, which was adopted and implemented by the court.
In December of the first year of Jiayou (1056), the imperial court appointed Bao Zheng as Kaifeng Prefecture in Quan Zhi. He officially took office in March of the following year and left office in June of three years, only one year before and after. However, in this short period of time, Kaifeng, which is known as intractable, was managed in an orderly manner. Dare to punish the illegal acts of dignitaries, resolutely curb the arrogance of Kaifeng officials, and promptly punish those who falsely accuse unruly people.
Because Bao Zheng was strict in law enforcement, impartial and fearless in Kaifeng, the eunuchs had to restrain themselves, and they were afraid when they heard Bao Zheng's name. All ages, women and children know Bao Zheng's name and affectionately call him "Porter". There is a saying in Kaifeng that "if you can't reach the joints, there will be Yamaraja to support the elderly." . "Yamaraja metaphor Bao Zheng impartial.
In the sixth year of Song Jiayou (106 1), he was an official to a Council secretary and died in May of the following year. "The government and people in Beijing are all sad, and the streets are full of sighs. The imperial court presented a letter to the official department, and fifteen volumes of Playing Musical Instruments were handed down from generation to generation.
Liu Yong ■
Liu Yong was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. Born in the 58th year of Kangxi (17 19), he died in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1805) at the age of 86. He was born in a scholarly family and grew up in a noble family. His grandfather was a scholar in the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi, and he was an official in Sichuan. His father, Liu Tongxun, went to Dongge University. Liu Yong was a scholar in the sixteenth year of Qianlong (at the age of 32), a university student in Dongge, and a prince of Taibao.
Liu Yong was not only a famous politician in Ganjia period of Qing Dynasty, but also a famous calligrapher and poet. His calligraphy has both form and spirit, full of charm, detachment and uniqueness, and is famous all over the world. Moreover, they are familiar with their own stories and stories, and are also proficient in classics and history. Poetry is really everyone's style. The connection between Liu Yong and Bulaotun must start with his calligraphy and poetry.
The Qing Dynasty began in the Kangxi period. Build a summer resort in Chengde as the second center of the emperor's political activities. In order to facilitate the communication between the capital and the Rehe Palace, the Imperial Palace in Beijing and Rehe was built, with many palaces, including four palaces in Miyun section of the Imperial Palace, and a pavilion was built in Yanggezhuang Village, now Bulaotun, with Liu Yong as the favorite of Emperor Qianlong. Naturally, he often traveled between Beijing and Chengde with the emperor and often stayed in this hotel. He created and wrote a lot of poems here, including 179 poems, notes and essays. It mainly describes the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland, the sentiment of life and the random thoughts of life. So far, this manuscript of Liu Yong's poems has been treasured by three generations and collected in Miyun County Museum. It can be said that it is the beautiful scenery of the Bulaotun area that inspired Liu Yong, and this masterpiece was passed down from generation to generation. Now, after reading it, looking at the gorgeous chapter and exquisite calligraphy art, through the imprint of years and touching the historical imprint of Ban Bian, Liu Yong's figure of writing at his desk in the green light of the library seems to be completely displayed, and his nostalgia for the past is sudden.