After the Opium War, Japanese imperialists conspired to invade China and provoked troubles in the territorial waters of 1894 China. Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, and Fang Boqian, his cronies, were afraid of the Japanese invaders and tried their best to make peace. The Japanese invaders pushed their luck and sank the merchant ship of China, and the people suffered innocently. So that the patriotic officers and soldiers and the people of Weihai, represented by Deng Shichang, the leader of the Far Pipeline, faced the arrogance of the Japanese invaders without fear and insisted on fighting with them. However, under the pretext of preserving the strength of our army, Li Hongzhang repeatedly refused the well-documented demands of officers and men, and Deng Shichang was dismissed for exposing Fang Boqian. The Japanese aggressors declared war undeclared, and the patriotic officers and soldiers and the people's main battle voice became louder and louder, so Li Hongzhang was forced to use Deng Shichang. Liu, the right-wing company commander of Beiyang Navy, is afraid of death. He deliberately played the wrong flag in the naval battle, so that beiyang fleet's flagship was sunk by the Japanese. Deng Shichang led the Zhiyuan instead of the flagship command, and the officers and men of the whole ship fought bravely, hitting the Japanese flagship Yoshino hard. The war is getting more and more fierce, but we have run out of ammunition and the combat situation is very unfavorable. Deng Shichang decided to directly crash and destroy the enemy ship "Yoshino". Unfortunately, it was hit by a torpedo, and all the officers and men on board were martyred.
2. Sanyuanli's anti-British struggle
1841May 25th (the fifth day of the first month of Daoguang on April 21st), the British army captured the northern fortress of Guangzhou and set its headquarters at Yongkang Terrain. Yongkang Terrace, also known as Sifang Terrace, is only one mile away from the city, and artillery can directly bombard the city. On May 27th, Yi Shan, commander-in-chief of the Qing army, made peace with Britain and concluded the Guangzhou Peace Treaty, in order to pay for the withdrawal of British troops from Guangzhou and other provinces, in exchange for the return of their batteries and their withdrawal from Humen. However, before the ink of the peace treaty was dried, the British army constantly harassed Sanyuanli and villages such as Mudeng, Xicun and Xiaogang in the northwest suburbs, looting and burning women. The broad masses of people were filled with indignation and all localities tried their best to resist. On the 29th, villagers in Sanyuanli repelled the invading British army. The next day, White village groups in Nanhai and Panyu, armed with spears and plows, besieged Yongkang Terrace. After nearly half a day of stalemate, the British commander Walter Gu Wu (also translated as "Guo Fu") personally led the troops to attack. Unite and fight and retreat, lure the enemy to Niulangang hilly area. The heavy rain suddenly came, and the British muskets were too wet to fire. The Yong Tuan people fought back in the rain, divided and surrounded the British army and fought hand to hand. Five British soldiers were killed, 23 were injured and another major died of fatigue. 3 1 in the early morning, Guangzhou handicraft workers and nearby counties such as Ruhua County, Zengcheng County and Conghua County also arrived one after another, and the number of people around Taiwan Province increased to tens of thousands, joining the British and starving to death. Wowugu did not dare to fight again, but threatened the government to break the contract and attack the city. Yishan and others were shocked when they heard the news, so they sent Yu Baochun, the magistrate of Guangzhou, out of the city to appease the British army first, and then returned to Panyu and Nanhai counties to put pressure on the gentry in the group training. The nobles evaded one after another, but Yingyong people gradually dispersed and the platform was dissolved.
3. jintian uprising
Around 1849, Guangxi suffered from famine for years, and the heaven and earth would revolt one after another, and the time was ripe for the uprising. 1In July, 850, Hong and Zang deployed an uprising in Huashan Village, Huazhou, and issued a group camp order, requiring all local members who worship God to sell their land and concentrate on Jintian. The regimental headquarters is located in Jintian Village, presided over by Yang, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai. Send someone to Guangdong to pick up Hong and Feng's relatives in Guangxi. Secretly manufacturing weapons in Jintian, Huazhou, Kistler and Luyin. Wei Changhui, Shi Dakai, Zhou Shengkun, Yu et al. Use all their money to finance the uprising. All localities will worship God seriously and raise enough money and food, and will gather about 20,000 men, women and children in Jintian one after another. All the money and things you carry are given to the "holy treasury", and all the food and clothing are supplied by the "holy treasury". So according to the military system, the masses who came to the regiment camp were organized, men and women were separated, military training was carried out, and armed uprising was prepared. Soon, in Siwangxu and Caijiang villages, the Qing troops who came to suppress the regiment camp were defeated one after another. On February 25th, 65438, Zhou Fengqi, the company commander, sent troops to attack Jintian, and the congregation fought back, killing more than 300 people and killing Iqtambu, the deputy commander of Qingjiang Society. On his 38th birthday (65438+1October 1 1) the following year, Hong Xiuquan held a grand birthday celebration, and people gathered in rhinoceros ridge to swear allegiance to the uprising and declare war on the Qing Dynasty. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was founded, and the rebels were called Taiping Army, named after the commanders of the five armies. Promulgate a concise military law: first, obey orders; Second, don't be a man and a woman; No offense in Sanqiu; The four public interests are different, each subject to the constraints of the leader; 5. Qi Xin worked together and did not get cold feet. 65438+1October 13, all the soldiers put on their clothes and red scarves, and set out from the Dahuanghekou of Jintian Dongshan to launch a vigorous and unprecedented peasant war in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Because jintian uprising took place in Guangxi, a large number of Zhuang people took part in jintian uprising, the northern king Wei Changhui and the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Xiao Chaogui, Li, all of whom were Zhuang people. Since then, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, which shocked China and foreign countries, has begun.
4. 1898 Reform Movement
The Reform Movement of 1898 refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists headed by Kang Youwei through Emperor Guangxu in 1898, which was a political reform movement during Guangxu period of China's Qing Dynasty (1898). The main contents include: learning from the west, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce. This movement was strongly opposed by the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. In September this year, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a coup, Guangxu was imprisoned, and the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively. Six people, including Tan Sitong, were killed, and the political reform that lasted only 103 days finally failed. Therefore, the Reform Movement of 1898 is also called the Reform Movement of 1898.
5. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China.
1900 June 17 Eight-Nation Alliance (Britain, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, Japan, Italy and Austria) captured Dagu Fort; 14 July, Tianjin was captured; On August 2, 20,000 soldiers marched from Tianjin along the banks of the canal and were besieged by the Boxer Rebellion in Langfang. After the defeat, they increased their troops and occupied Langfang in one fell swoop. On the morning of August 14, they came outside Beijing to launch a general attack, and by the evening of June 16, they basically occupied the whole city of Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi, Emperor Guangxu and their relatives fled to xi 'an and sent Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang to make peace with the Allies. In September, German Marshal Alfred? Feng? Wadesi was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces in China. The allied forces gradually increased to100000, and the troops of Beijing and Tianjin invaded Shanhaiguan, Baoding, Zhengding and even Shanxi. During this period, Russia mobilized170,000 infantry and cavalry separately and invaded northeast China in six ways. In June+February, 5438, the Allied Forces put forward a peace program, which forced the Qing government to accept it completely, and signed the Treaty of Xin Chou on September 7, 190 1. After that, Eight-Nation Alliance withdrew his troops and returned to China, except one stationed in Beijing, Tianjin and Yushu.
Ha, the historical order is a bit chaotic. ...