Problem description:
Guqin is the oldest plucked instrument in China, which was formed more than 3,000 years ago and is said to be made by Fuxi and Shennong. On the other hand, the guzheng was formed very late in the Qin Dynasty. According to legend, in the Qin Dynasty, an innocent person handed the musical instrument to two women, and the two women had to fight for it, so they called it "Qin Zheng". This is the age gap between the two.
Secondly, the guqin is a single wood, and its face is seven strings, so it was called "lyre" in ancient times. The strings are tied with velvet rope and wound around the string shaft, which belongs to the "horseless instrument" of plucked music; Guzheng consists of a frame plate, a panel and a bottom plate. The earliest Zheng had five strings, which developed into 12 strings at the end of the Warring States, 13 strings in the Sui Dynasty, 16 strings in the Qing Dynasty, 2 1 string in the 1960s and 24-26 strings in recent years. The strings are evenly arranged on the surface of the Zheng, and each string is supported by a herringbone string horse, which belongs to the "saddle-shaped instrument" of plucked music.
Third, although Guqin has only seven strings, one string has many tones, and its range is more than four octaves wide. With the help of thirteen "Qin symbols" on the panel, many overtones and keys can be played. The timbre is subtle and deep, simple and elegant, and the expressive force is extremely rich, so it is listed as the first of "Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting" by ancient literati; Guzheng is basically a string with the sound of 1-2, and the horse (column) moves with the same string, which can be adjusted to pitch, with a wide range and a large volume. The timbre is pure and beautiful, melodious and melodious.
Fourthly, the music score of Guqin is sui generis, which was called "Zipu" in ancient times and "Simplified Zipu" after the Tang Dynasty. However, the ancient guzheng used to use "Miyachi notation", and now it uses "simple notation" and "staff notation".
Fifthly, the oldest representative piece of Guqin is Jieshitiao Youlan, which describes that Confucius does not describe himself as an empty valley Youlan. It has been 1400 years. There are Guangling San, Junyun Liushui and Meihua Sannong. There are about thousands of piano scores in existence. China's history books record the legend that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi met and knew each other in the mountains and rivers, and the story that Kongming skillfully used the empty city plan to retreat from Sima's 100,000 troops in The History of the Three Kingdoms is all about guqin instead of guzheng. 1977, the "Voyager" spacecraft launched by the United States crossed the solar system and went into the space of the Milky Way. The song "Running Water" played by the spacecraft is a famous song we played with guqin. The representative pieces of Guzheng ancient music include Fishing Boat Singing Late, Swimming in Western Western jackdaw, Water Lotus, Flowers in Brocade, etc. S
Guzheng is loud and beautiful, and there is a strong sense of blessing when playing. It's the perfect way to charm people. Therefore, since ancient times, it has been mostly girls who have trained themselves to be artists. Guqin has a deep voice and introverted personality. Only under some special circumstances can people be particularly moved, and it is often only the pianist himself who is moved. Some masters have also played songs with strong blessings, which makes people feel that the breath of Songtao in a thousand valleys is extremely intoxicating. However, judging from the structure and development history of guqin, the real significance of guqin lies not in skill and emotion, but in artistic conception and nature Harmony between man and nature is the ultimate goal of a pianist. Therefore, guzheng is more inclined to play for others, and guqin is more inclined to play for itself. As soon as Guqin is played, it will attract many people to listen, but it is always hard to find intimate friends of Guqin. "
This so-called "difference" is too biased and needs an objective article. Worthy of reward points ~ ~
Analysis:
Guzheng and guqin are completely different.
Similarities: they are all plucked instruments.
Difference: Guqin has seven strings and Guzheng has twenty-one strings.
Guqin structure: Qin is a musical instrument with rich cultural connotation. Judging from the shape of the piano alone, it can be said that it is full of charm.
Guzheng: It consists of a frame plate, a panel and a bottom plate. It is160cm long, 38cm wide and14cm thick. There were five strings at first, and then it gradually developed into 12, 13,16,21string. Now there are 24 strings and 26 strings, and 265438 is commonly used.
Introduce guzheng and guqin.
Guzheng f, ey[FV]
Folk music crystal-guzheng: 1 1U0u-hm
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? Guzheng is also called "Qin Zheng". Since the Qin and Han dynasties, it has gradually spread from the northwest to all parts of the country, and gradually formed a school with strong local characteristics. Shandong Zheng, Henan Zheng, Chaozhou Zheng, Hakka Zheng, Zhejiang Zheng, Fujian Zheng, Inner Mongolia Zheng (that is, Yatuo Pavilion), Korean Yanbian Zheng (that is, adding Aiqin) and Shaanxi Zheng are called the real Qin Zhisheng. ^:<； VY -[e2
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? At present, the national unified specifications of guzheng are: 1.63m, 2 1 string. The panel of guzheng is mostly paulownia in Lankao, Henan Province, and the frame is white pine. There are precious wood such as mahogany, old rosewood (Burmese rosewood), golden nanmu and rosewood on the side plates around the piano body. The sound quality of the guzheng depends on the panel and strings, and the surrounding materials also slightly improve the sound quality of the guzheng, especially the old mahogany, rosewood and golden nanmu. From early to modern times, there are 12, 13, 18, 23, 25 strings and so on. And there are many ways to set strings in different areas. New types of Zheng include "butterfly Zheng" and "mode Zheng". yV]J{=~n
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? The common playing technique of guzheng is to pluck the strings with three fingers of the right hand, that is, the big, middle and middle fingers, to pop up the melody and master the rhythm, and to adjust the tension of the strings on the left side of the piano column with the left hand to control the change of chords, thus polishing the melody. There are many fingering methods of the Zheng. Hold, chop, pick, wipe, pick, hook, shake and pinch with the right hand, and press, slide, rub and quiver with the left hand. Traditional guzheng playing techniques have made a new breakthrough in modern times. 1953 The Year of the Breeze, written by Mr. Zhao Yuzhai, liberated the left hand, used polyphony in the tune, and adopted the technique of alternating left and right hands and playing multiple voices, which greatly enriched the playing techniques and made a breakthrough in guzheng playing technology. `fvq^； labour union
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? 1965, Wang Changyuan successfully composed the guzheng song "War Typhoon". The appearance of "War Typhoon" promoted the techniques and techniques of guzheng performance to a new height, thus ending the era when guzheng could only be lightly played and slowly rubbed. The techniques in this song, such as sweeping, shaking, buckling, scraping, and making typhoon effect by using noise in invalid areas, are all innovative techniques. Mumq-h 1i
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? In the 1970s, Zhao created and applied new techniques such as double-string transition glide, * * * long tone, speed dial and 1/5 overtone. He broke through the traditional octave symmetry mode and established a "quick fingering technical system" consisting of dozens of new fingering sequences, such as wheel fingering, dial fingering and plectrum fingering, which enabled Zheng to play fast melodies with five, seven and variable scales with one hand without changing the tuning, laying a solid foundation for Zheng to enter the ranks of ordinary musical instruments from colored musical instruments. His representative works include "Fighting Tigers Up the Mountain" and "Sun Red on Jinggangshan". /d7(4%
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? Since the 1990s, the creation of guzheng has ushered in the spring of letting a hundred flowers blossom. The performance of "Happiness in Guizhou" has become a highlight by alternating piling and hanging piles. During this period, composers participated in the creation of Zheng music and strengthened their innovation. They broke through the limitations of the traditional pentatonic mode, absorbed the colors of Japanese Ryukyu mode and Du Jie mode, and drew lessons from Mei Xian's experience of manual mode, designed many new modes by themselves, and even created a brand-new mode color of "below three degrees and below two degrees". Each octave is divided into three links, and each link is a big third interval. The new mode color of the tuning string and the multi-tone series superposition method have promoted the reform of playing techniques. For example, Fantasia (Song of Wang), Elegance (Song of Zhuang Yao) and Wang Zhongshan. In the modulation of these Zheng tunes, conditions are prepared for the modulation. Different tone groups are also used in different tone zones, so that different tone zones can play different tone colors, which not only deviates from the traditional tone color, but also returns to the traditional tone color. The change of interval creates conditions for the birth of new musical language; [Ot~\fdnt4
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? At the same time, more Zheng songs were created by the method of five tones, such as Qin Sang Qu, Lin 'an Regret, Song of Iron Horse and so on. At the same time, the ensemble works of guzheng have been launched one after another, which shows that people attach importance to the expression of guzheng in the group. Duet of Guzheng and Pipa Tidying up the Sand, Singing in the Water Village, Moonlit Night on the Spring River, Duet of Guzheng and Gao Hu Singing the Night on a Fishing Boat, Trio of Guzheng Gao Hu Harvest Song and Duet of Guzheng Manjianghong; Guzheng and Butterfly Guzheng Duet "Sea of Spring"; The guzheng quartet Little Girl Picking Mushrooms, Bubugao, Guzheng Ensemble Harvesting Gong and Drum, Yao Dance Music, Riverside of Ili, Hundred Flowers Bloom and Rooted Luchaihua have basically stood the test of history. n8C[cG
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? Zheng is often used for solo, duet, instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of song and dance, opera and Quyi. Because of its wide range and beautiful timbre, it is called "the king of all kinds of music" and "Oriental piano". }"/ CY！
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? Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which prevailed in the Qin Dynasty during the Warring States Period. The materials quoted in Biography of Lisi Zhuke in Sima Qian's Historical Records are worthy of our attention. A passage about the music and dance of Qin State in Li Si's "The Book of Departing Guests" says: "The husband hits the urn, knocks it, plays it, fights it, and the song is screaming. So is the real Qin Zhisheng. Between Zheng Weisang, Yu Shao and Wu Xiang, they are also happy in a foreign country. Today, I won't knock on the urn. I will get sick and defend myself. I will take back my piano and take good care of it. What if it is? I am very satisfied with the present, but I am just very comfortable. " y$a=。 ]_~
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? Zheng is a "real" figure, so he has always been called "Qin Zheng". However, from the perspective of writing, there is one thing that deserves our scrutiny, that is, Knocking on an urn and Between Zheng Weisang, while Playing Zheng Doufa is opposite to Yu Shao and Wu Xiang. Obviously, the antithesis here is not aimed at literary talent, but at the form and content of "music" and "dance". The so-called "Voice of Zhengwei" is the folk music of Guo Zheng and Guo Wei, so it can be seen that "knocking on the urn" is the folk music of Qin State at that time, that is, "Yu Shao" is "Shao Xiao" rU+, * Z.
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? It is said that this joy was made by Dayu. The above refers to music; This music is obviously not folk music, but court music. Thus, when Ying Zheng came to power at the latest, Qin had replaced the Zheng with Shao Xiao, which was a musical instrument used by the court at that time and should be more elegant than the post and urn. As for "fighting", what I want to improve is "the image of a soldier". This "Wu", that is, "Dawu", is music and dance, and is it the Zhou people who praise the king of Wu? Yes It can be seen that "beating" is the court music and dance of Qin State. Li Siju's example proves that the songs, dances and music used by the Qin court are all from other countries, so there is no need to refute politics. As mentioned in that article, Li Sijin submitted the book of remonstration and expulsion in 237 BC. Therefore, Zheng's popularity in Qin was before this. Zheng's appearance is relatively perfect, which should be earlier than Li Sishu's "The Book of Departing Guests". N[tF@d，#
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? There are two opinions about the naming of Zheng, one is that the harp is split, and the other is that it is named after the clank of pronunciation. "Ji Yun" holds the saying of "Qin fen": "Qin customs are thin and evil, and father and son have their own opponents, and everyone is half, which was called at that time." Of course, in addition to the argument that father and son are fighting, there are also arguments that brothers are fighting and sisters are fighting. These similar legends just show that these statements are unreliable. In addition, as far as common sense is concerned, if an instrument is divided into two, it becomes a broken instrument. How can it be regarded as a guzheng? I'm afraid it's much harder to repair a broken piano in two. Another way of saying it is named after the nature of its pronunciation. Liu Xi's Ming Shi holds the view that the piano sounds high and natural. It is said that the zither is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran" because of its "high chord". This timbre is obviously made for the soothing timbre of the zither, which connects the zither with the zither. Indeed, our national musical instruments can be named after their origins (such as the Huqin), development methods (such as the Pipa) and even timbre (such as the Bawu). The Zheng here is named after its timbre is pronounced "Zheng Zhengran". As can be seen from the following article, at first, guzheng and guzheng were not close, which lost the significance of comparing the timbre of guzheng and guzheng, which made it difficult for people to believe it completely. U & ampm！ fCuB
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? The naming of the Zheng mentioned above also involves the origin of the Zheng. Since the theory of "dividing musical instruments into pianos" is not credible, then the piano in trouble is not made of broken musical instruments. So, how did the Zheng come into being? rnv 1qNU
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? Han. Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" contains the article: Zheng, "I sincerely press" Rites and Music ",five strings, and build a whole. Nowadays, the Zheng in Binhe and Liangzhou looks like a harp. I don't know who changed it. It was made by Meng Tian. " FCo*x'`NJ
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? According to Ying Shao's "Custom Pass", the Zheng system before the Han Dynasty should be "five strings, with a built body", but at that time, "the Zheng in Longzhou and Liangzhou was shaped like a harp". I don't know who made it in Ying Shao, and also recorded the rumor that it was made in Meng Tian. It can be seen that the harp-shaped Zheng has spread in the northwest of the Han Dynasty. J{LW？ Ex rights has no right to subscribe for new shares.
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? Du You of the Tang Dynasty said in the Four Music Classics: "The sound of the piano is also the sound of the piano. Fu Xuan's Fu Zhengxu said, "This was made by Montaigne". Today, it looks like the sky on the top, flat on the bottom, hollow and quasi-six-in-one, and the string column is planned for December. If it is set, it will have four images and the drum will have five sounds. It is a tool of kindness and wisdom. How could Meng Tian, the minister of national subjugation, think of it? There is also a note saying: "Today, I am happy to have ten strings, and I hope that there will be three strings in ten. To roll the A Zheng, wet the end with bamboo pieces and roll it up. The bone claws used to play the Zheng are more than an inch long and can replace fingers. " U}M# 1r*x
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? The above two materials deserve our attention. Ying Shao was born in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (the end of the second century and the beginning of the third century). His "five-string fitness" was recorded in the Book of Rites, but he didn't witness it. But what he saw was that "the two countries are harmonious and cool, and the Zheng is shaped like a harp", but he did not mention whether there are differences in the shape of the Zheng in other regions. Du You, a man from the late Tang Dynasty and the ninth century, explained in detail the shape of Zheng at that time, which also met the standard of orthodox ritual vessels. Of course, Du You also questioned the legend of "Meng Tianzao Zheng". [~ L $ & gt； #d
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? Is this Zheng made in Montaigne? In recent years, some people think that Meng Tian is an all-rounder, and it is entirely possible for him to build A Zheng. However, according to the date, it is impossible for Meng Tian to establish A Zheng. Meng Tian's grandfather Meng Ao died in 240 BC (the seventh year of the reign of the King of Qin). At this time, Montaigne was only a young man in his twenties. Even if Meng Tian, a young man, had the talent to make guzheng, it seemed impossible to make it popular in Qin State in just a few years and become a court musical instrument of Qin State at that time. Some people even say that Zheng was built by Meng Tian when he was building the Great Wall. This statement is even more impossible. Because Meng Tian built the Great Wall in the 26th year of the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1year), it was at least sixteen years later than Li Sicheng's "Order to Drive Away"! It is also said that Meng Tian made it into a pen, and the ancient traditional pen is similar to Zheng. It is incorrect because of the mistake in the record. 7.T^(f(Od#
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? According to Shao's "Custom Pass", the zither is "five strings, integrated". However, the literature of the past dynasties is vague about what style "architecture" is. 1973, a Han Dynasty ritual vessel was unearthed in Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha. This building is called an funerary ware because it was painted with black paint, but it was carved from a piece of wood. Solid, not conducive to * * *, if used to play, you can't get enough volume. In addition, the length of the instrument is about 34 cm, which is obviously too short for playing. According to Tongdian, the length of buildings in the Tang Dynasty is four feet three inches. Although there are differences in the evolution of architecture from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, the differences are not so great. These reasons are enough to prove that it is an open vessel, just like a small vessel with a handle. The first nail on the surface of the building is a row of five bamboo nails, which is consistent with the record in Custom Pass. The style of this funerary wares is the same as that of musical instruments, which seems to show that musical instruments, musical instruments and Zheng are very similar. Rw 7-inch gas turbine b
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? If the styles of Qin, Zheng and Qin are really the same, then we can only draw the conclusion that the difference between Qin and Qin lies in the number of strings besides the timbre, that is, the Qin has 25 strings and 50 strings, while the Qin in the Tang Dynasty only has 12 strings and 13 strings, and the Qin at that time also developed to 12 trap/kloc-0. So what's the difference between guzheng and guzheng? "Tongya" means under the Zheng that "the bone claw used to step on the Zheng is more than one inch long, which is called"; In Annotating the Building, I quoted Ming Shi as saying: "The building is also based on bamboo drums". From this point of view, the main difference is that the Zheng is just a plucked instrument. Of course, the buildings under "Tongya" are still marked with "details like the same", and this "detail" has become the main reason why Zheng's architecture is different. It turns out that the first trial of the building is to hold the neck with the left hand and play with it with the right hand, so the "fine item" in the Tang Dynasty is more than four feet long, which is obviously impossible to hold. This exquisite article seems to have retained the old system. "Tongya" is also recorded under the item "Zheng": "The Zheng is rolled with bamboo pieces and played with bone claws. Long inch, to refer to ". This note is to show that CHOU and Zheng are the same object, and the difference in name is only one for playing and the other for playing. _{["6R S
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? Of course, some people think that China's Zheng originated in foreign countries. In the History of Oriental Music, Japan's Uexiong Tanabe put forward the view that the Zheng was introduced to Qin from the west at the end of the Warring States Period. Qian Lin San, another Japanese scholar, thinks that Tanabe's argument is not sufficient. hJst- 1Z
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? As can be seen from the above discussion, Zheng's initial trial form is still unclear, whether it is to build an image or an image. Therefore, the origin of Zheng is still a mystery, and we need to continue to explore. Obviously, the search for the origin of Zheng Can cannot be based on documents, so it seems that we must turn to new archaeological discoveries. BbZ({
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Guqin #. &; }=izLU
Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin has been popular since Confucius' time and has a history of at least 3000 years. At the beginning of this century, it was called "Guqin". The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China. "My Fair Lady, Friends of Rabbit and Rabbit" is recorded in The Book of Songs Guanluo, and "Rabbit and Rabbit beat drums to rule Tianzu" is also recorded in The Book of Songs Xiaoya. *wVNcaWD
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Guqin is a flat and long speaker, with a length of about 130 cm, a width of about 20 cm and a thickness of about 5 cm. The panel, also known as the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface. The head of the piano has chord holes, the tail of the piano is oval, and there are crescent-shaped or square-folded people on both sides of the neck and waist. The bottom plate, also known as the piano bottom, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. The belly of the piano is dug in the lower half of the whole piece of wood. There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet. The piano face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and the tongue-shaped wooden board is attached to the inside of the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano, which is called the tongue hole. There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang. There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy. Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp. The strings are wrapped in silk. Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole. There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body. 13 signs made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes. pgAP[} no
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Guqin has beautiful shapes, including Fuxi style, Zhong Ni style, Julian style, sunset style, brainwave style, banana leaf style, Shennong style and so on. Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body. Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano. Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, various broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on. A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance. The ancient famous pianos include Luqi, Jiaowei, Chunlei, pure and pure, the legacy of the Great Sage, and Pei Huan of Xiao Jiu. s`% IM，7L
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Qin Tang, especially the guzheng in the Tang Dynasty, is fat and * * *. In most existing Qin Tang, two pieces of paulownia wood are often stuck on Longchi and plump panels, which are used as counterfeit banknotes. Until the early Ming dynasty, there were still piano makers using this method. Qin Tang's broken sentences are mostly snake belly broken, as well as ice broken and running water broken. Its surface paint ash has two colors: ink and chestnut shell, and cinnabar paint was added when future generations repaired it. The grey tire is pure antler ash, and both sides of the back of the piano are wrapped with linen from bottom to top until the edge of the panel to prevent the upper and lower plates from opening glue. The sides of these pianos are all between 120 and 125 cm. ? Swabex
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Guqinbian in Song Dynasty, with a total length of1.28cm and a shoulder width of 25cm. Its body is flat and big, and its size is larger than that handed down by Qin Tang, which is one of the main styles in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, besides the antique works, the shape gradually became flat and narrow, especially the Zhong Ni-style guqin, which was the main style of making the piano in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main material for making the piano in Song Dynasty is the bottom of tung-faced catalpa or pine-faced bottom. Broken lines include snake belly, ice lines, running water and little cow hair. The gray tires are mainly antler ash, and some people use flax as the base, but rarely. Babel ash was also used in the late Northern Song Dynasty (that is, gold, silver, pearls and emerald corals were crushed and mixed with antler ash). The Song Dynasty is an important stage in the history of piano-making after the Tang Dynasty. The government even set up a special bureau to make piano, which is called "official piano". +s/，& ampP
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Qin-making in Yuan Dynasty was the product of the transition period of Song and Ming Dynasties. Because of the short duration, there are few existing objects. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of pianos was unprecedented. Whether it is the prince of the emperor or the family of officials, there are many people who are good at piano. There are four famous piano makers in the imperial clan: Wang Ning, Hengwang, wangyi and Lu Wang. Among the four kings, Qin was the most famous, which began in Chongzhen. It is reported that there are as many as four or five hundred pieces with the same style and size, all of which are numbered and engraved on the abdomen in chronological order; The name "Zhonghe" is engraved on the back of the piano, and Jing Yi's poem "The Water of the Yangtze River" and the seal of "Lu Chuan" are all painted with eight treasures. ]7j \Q
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When playing, put the piano on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, press the strings with your left hand and pick up the sound. Guqin has a range of four octaves and two tones. There are 7 scattered tones, 9 1 overtone and 147 technical tones. There are many ways to play, such as supporting, breaking, rubbing, picking, hooking, picking, hitting, picking, turning, poking, pinching, rolling and so on. There are songs, strokes, notes, bumps, forward, backward, upward, etc ...} g1e' o9t.
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Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the development of Guqin performance art, due to the differences in performance style, inheritance and recorded music, many Qin schools have been formed, each with outstanding musicians and music. The famous Qin schools are Zhejiang School, Yushan School and Guangling School. There are Pucheng School, Panchuan School, September 1st School, Zhucheng School and Lingnan School in modern times. -]OLfMyp '
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There were many piano master in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the Lei family (,,,Lei Jue, Lei), other famous masters are recorded in the literature: Zhang Yue, Guo Gao and. Unfortunately, except for Lei's piano, no works have been handed down. There were many famous musicians in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Ma Xiliang, Ma Xiren and Monk Renzhi; in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Jinzhou, Jin Highway and Chen Hengdao; at the end, there were Yan Zun, Ma Dafu and Mei Siyan. In Song Dynasty, few people carved the year of the piano, and many imitated the Tang Dynasty. The famous piano players in Yuan Dynasty are Yan, Shi and Shi Gu Yun, among which the most famous is Yan. There are many imitations of Zhu Qin, some of which are engraved with "Zhu Zhiyuan" or "Zhu Zhiyuan". I hope collectors will pay attention. There were also many piano master in the Ming Dynasty, such as Tu and Yuan, the most famous of which were Zhang's Respecting Teachers and Paying Attention to Taoism and Shun Xiu. Zhang Dai's Dream of Taoan refers to Zhang Zhiqin as one of Wuzhong's stunts, "being invincible for a hundred years". Bob. ^7d_0
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Refers to all kinds of broken marks left on the surface of the piano due to the weathering and vibration of the years during the performance. There are many kinds of broken wires, mainly plum blossom, ox hair, snake belly, ice, running water and Longlin. Generally speaking, a piano is not broken for a hundred years, and the broken line varies with the age, which is one of the main bases for collecting guqin. & ampsi5。 & kui
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It is very important to identify guqin that the broken lines of guqin will not appear after a hundred years. False broken wires have existed since ancient times, and there are many methods, such as baking with strong fire and then exciting with ice and snow to make them crack; Or paint with protein infiltrated into the ash, steam it after making it, and then air dry it; Or bake with gypsum on the ash bottom. In fact, careful observation shows that the authenticity of the disconnection is still very different. The real broken line is smooth, the end of the line disappears naturally, and the peaks are like swords. However, after the process of cold and hot catalysis or knife engraving, the false broken line is inevitably unnatural and flawed. The inscription of guqin is also an important basis for identifying the authenticity of guqin. The back of the piano is engraved, while the belly of the piano has two kinds of engraving and writing, which is easy for the knife engraver to keep, but it is difficult to identify when the ink is written for a long time. The carvings on the abdomen of guqin, such as the adhesion of the upper and lower plates on both sides of the body, are mostly original. If there are traces of reconstruction, it needs to be carefully studied. The most difficult to identify are those who cut open the old piano and carved it with fake money, and those who carved it with fake money when using the ancient wooden piano. Regardless of the back, senior appraisers can also identify it from the customary titles, taboo words of emperors in previous dynasties, and the calligraphy style of a dynasty or a calligrapher. Collectors whose main purpose is playing will definitely regard the timbre of the piano as one of the main standards. When we listen to the sound of an guqin, we know that it is a good guqin with rich and bright timbre, even timbre, bright overtone and response. Some guqin is broken, but playing by the sound will have a "stop", which will affect listening. At this time, we should weigh the gains and losses carefully and don't give up easily. The collection of guqin is generally hung on the dry wall, which should not be laid flat for a long time; If it is laid flat for a long time, it is easy to cause "collapse". Guqin, as a musical instrument, should be played frequently, otherwise it will make the timbre black and astringent, and it will also be eaten by insects. bYZ$ & lt-*
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Guqin's famous song cjYR6,
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Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Guangling San, Xiaoxiang Yunshui, Questions and Answers from Fishermen, Dressing, Running Water, Drunk, etc.