The surname Sun is one of the top twenty surnames in China and is the most influential in the Bohai Bay and Northeast regions. People with the surname Sun account for about 1.5% of the contemporary population, that is, there are at least 15 people with the surname Sun for every 1,000 Chinese people, and the total population is about 18 million. The "Dictionary of Chinese Names" includes 521 celebrities surnamed Sun in the past dynasties, accounting for 1.15% of the total number of celebrities, ranking the 13th among celebrity surnames; famous writers surnamed Sun accounted for 1.22% of the total number of writers in China's past dynasties, ranking 13th. Fifteenth place: Famous medical scientists surnamed Sun account for 1.26% of the total number of medical scientists in China's history, ranking seventeenth.
Starting from Sun Wu, who wrote the famous "The Art of War" at home and abroad, talents surnamed Sun have emerged in endlessly, and countless people have shined in the annals of history. The main figures include: Sun Yang (Bole), a good horseman in the Spring and Autumn Period and Qin State, Sun Bin, a military strategist in the Qi State during the Warring States Period, Sun Jian (father of Sun Quan), the governor of Changsha at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan, the king of the Wu State in the Three Kingdoms, Sun Yan, a Confucian scholar and exegesis expert in the Wei State, and Western Jin Dynasty literature The family Sun Chu, the famous scholar Sun Kang, the Eastern Jin writer Sun Chuo, the atheist Sun Sheng, the Tang Dynasty medical scientist Sun Simiao, the calligrapher Sun Guoting, the painter Sun Wei, the famous Zhou general Sun Fangjian, the poet Sun Guangxian after the Five Dynasties, and the Northern Song Dynasty Confucian scholar Sun Sun Fu, the famous scholar, Sun Chengzong and Sun Chuanting, ministers of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Yunqiu, an optical instrument developer, and Sun Qifeng, a scholar during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Sun Jiagan, the governor of Zhili in the Qing Dynasty, Sun Xingyan, a Confucian scholar, Sun Yirang, a Confucian scholar and philologist, and Sun Yuanxiang, a poet, in modern times Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the democratic revolution, Sun Chuanfang, the Beiyang direct warlord, Sun Ke, executive director of the Republic of China government, Sun Yunzhu, the contemporary geologist and paleontologist, Sun Dazhong, the geologist, Sun Benzhong, the silkworm breeder, Sun Xi, the agricultural chemist, and Sun Yefang, the economist , philosopher Sun Shuping.
The origin and evolution of the Sun surname
The Sun surname is mainly composed of five major sources: Ji, Mi, Gui, Zi and the modified surname. The first one comes from the surname Ji. In 1046 BC, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty and granted his younger brother Ji the title of Marquis of Kang. He was known as Uncle Kang in history. After King Wu of Zhou died and King Cheng of Zhou was young, the three eunuchs joined forces with King Wu Geng of Yin to rebel, which was put down by Zhou Gongdan, the fourth brother of King Wu of Zhou. Uncle Kang was granted the title Huaihou for his meritorious service in sending troops to quell Wu Geng's rebellion. King Cheng of Zhou appointed Uncle Kang as his commander and gave him treasured sacrificial utensils in order to move Uncle Kang to Wei. After Uncle Kang's death, King Zhou Cheng officially granted Uncle Kang's grandson Kaobo the title of Marquis of Wei. The ancient city was located in Chaoge City, northeast of Qi County in northern Henan Province. Therefore, Uncle Kang was called Wei Kangshu in history, which was a posthumous name. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Wu of Wei assisted Zhou in conquering the Xirong and was granted the title of Duke by King Ping of Zhou. Huisun, the son of Wei Wugong, and Wu Zhongyi, Huisun's grandson, took the name of his grandfather as their surname. This Ji surname Sun has a history of at least more than 2,700 years.
The second branch comes from the surname Mi. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jiang Jia, the grandson of Chu King Jumao, and Jiang Aila, the son of Jiang Jia, also called Sun Shu'ao, and Sun Shu was his given name. He served as the Ling Yin of King Zhuang of Chu, and his descendants took his given name as their surname. Sun Shuao lived in Qisi, southeast of present-day Huaibin, Henan. This Mi family with the surname Sun also has a history of 2,600 years.
The third branch comes from the surname Gui. In 1046 BC, the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted Guiman, a direct descendant of Shang Jun, to Chen. In 672 BC, Chen Wan, the son of Chen Ligong, fled to Qi State and changed the Chen family name to the Tian family name. During the reign of Qi Jinggong (reigned from 547 BC to 490 BC), the fifth generation of Chen Wan was the grandson of Tian Huanzi, also known as Qi official Tian Wuyu. His son Tian Shu had meritorious service in cutting down Ju. Qi Jinggong granted Tian Shu to Le'an. The ancient city was located in present-day Shandong Province to benefit the people. And given the surname Sun. This surname Sun also has a history of more than 2,500 years.
The fourth bloodline surname. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the imperial court was in chaos, King Zhou was infatuated, and King Zhou's uncle Bigan, a wise minister of the Shang Dynasty, was killed for his direct advice. The descendants took refuge and changed their surnames. One of them took the surname Sun because they were descendants of the royal family. The surname Sun also has a history of more than 3,000 years. The fifth group comes from foreign surnames and surname changes from ethnic minorities. The most important events where other surnames were changed to Sun are: the descendants of the famous Warring States scholar Xunzi changed their surname to Sun during the Western Han Dynasty to avoid the name taboo of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty; Sun Jian's tribe changed Yu He's surname to Sun. The main ethnic minorities using the Sun surname include: the Khitan people in the Tang Dynasty; After long-term mixing with the Han people, most of these foreign nationalities were assimilated into the Han surname.
The distribution and migration of the Sun surname in history
The Sun surname has been active in Henan and Shandong since the surname was established at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Sun family with the surname Ji had been hereditary as the Shangqing of the Wei State, and had overwhelming power over the country. The Sun family developed rapidly in the Henan area. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Sun family fell out of favor in the Wei State and moved north to the Jin State.
The Sun family surnamed Gui, which originated in Shandong, developed vigorously, especially during the Warring States Period, when a famous military strategist, Sun Wu, emerged. His son Sun Ming was granted the title of Marquis of Fuchun due to his father's merits. The fiefdom was in Fuyang, Zhejiang today, forming the Sun family. The famous southern county of Wangwu County. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Sun family surnamed Gui became the main force of the Sun surname in the country, expanding from Shandong to Taiyuan, Shanxi in the west, southern Zhejiang in the south, and Hubei in the southwest. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Jian and his son established the State of Wu in the south of the Yangtze River, and the development of the Sun family reached its peak. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sun family in the north, the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River developed rapidly, and a number of famous Sun families emerged. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, people with the Sun surname could be found all over the country. Among the "Hundred Family Surnames" formed in the Song Dynasty, the first one is Zhao Qian and Sun Li, which shows the social status and influence of the Sun surname. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Sun surname also entered Taiwan.
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), there were approximately 1.05 million people with the surname Sun, accounting for approximately 1.35% of the country's population. It was the eleventh most common surname in the Song Dynasty. The province with the largest number of people with the surname Sun is Anhui, accounting for about 11.8% of the total population with the surname Sun in the country and 2.8% of the total population of Anhui. The distribution across the country is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Henan, Shandong, and Jiangsu. These four provinces account for about 44% of the total population of the Sun surname in the country; followed by Jiangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Hubei, these six provinces People with the surname Sun accounted for another 44%. A layout with Sun surnames as the main force in the north of the Yangtze River, Anhui, Henan, Lu and Su, and the Yangtze River Basin are two concentrated areas with Sun surnames.
During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), there were about 1.19 million people with the surname Sun, accounting for more than 1.28% of the country's population. It was the fourteenth most common surname in the Ming Dynasty. In the past 600 years during the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the net growth rate of the national population was 20%. The growth rate of the population with the Sun surname was lower than that of the national population. In the past 600 years, the net growth rate of the population with the Sun surname was only 13%, a net increase of 140,000. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang (20.8%), Shandong (14.5%), Jiangsu (13%), and Jiangxi (11.9%). These four provinces account for about 60% of the total population with the surname Sun; secondly, they are distributed in Shaanxi (6.7%), Hebei (5.8%), Anhui (5.6%), Shanxi (5.6%), and Henan (5.1%), these five provinces have a concentration of 29% more people with the Sun surname. Zhejiang is the province with the largest number of people with the surname Sun, accounting for 1.6% of the total population in Zhejiang. During the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, the general distribution pattern of Sun's surname changed greatly, and its population mainly migrated to the southeast and eastern regions, while the population of Sun's surname shrank in the Central Plains. The country has re-formed two large Sun population gathering areas in Zhejiang, Gansu and Lusu, and the center of gravity of the Sun population has begun to move eastward.
The contemporary population with the surname Sun has reached 18.48 million, making it the twelfth most common surname in the country, accounting for approximately 1.54% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population surnamed Sun has surged from 1.19 million to 18.48 million, an increase of nearly 16 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million. The current population is 1.2 billion, a 13-fold increase. The population with the surname Sun is increasing faster than the national population. During these 1,000 years, the growth rate of the population with the surname Sun was in a "V" shape. The distribution across the country is currently mainly concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces, accounting for approximately 28% of the total population with the surname Sun; followed by Anhui, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, and Jilin, with a further 42% concentrated in these six provinces. Shandong is the largest province with the Sun surname today, with 16.9% of the total population living with the Sun surname, accounting for 3.3% of the total provincial population. The provinces with the highest proportion of provincial population are Heilongjiang (3.5%) and Jilin (3.4%). With the Yangtze River as the watershed, the Sun surname shows a distribution pattern with more people in the north and less in the south, forming a Sun surname distribution belt connecting the coastal provinces of East China and the three northeastern provinces. During the last 600 years, the degree and direction of population flow with the Sun surname were very different from those during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. It was characterized by a strong return migration from the southeast to central and northern China. At the same time, there was a rise in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. People with the surname Sun immigrated to the Northeast in large numbers.
Distribution frequency of the contemporary Sun surname
The areas with the highest population density per unit area of ??the Sun surname are in the three provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, northern Anhui, eastern Hebei, eastern Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. The population of Sun surname reaches more than 5.1 people, especially in eastern Shandong, the population of Sun surname per square kilometer is more than 10 people.
The schematic diagram of the distribution density of the Sun surname (see color figure 5.2.2A) shows that the area with the highest density (more than 5.1 people/square kilometer) only accounts for 14.3% of the land area, and the population of the Sun surname is approximately 10.52 million; 1.7-5.1 people/square kilometer Areas accounting for 20.6% of the land area, with a population of approximately 5.27 million people surnamed Sun; areas with less than 1.7 people/square kilometer account for 65.1% of the land area, with a population of approximately 2.69 million people surnamed Sun.
The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the surname Sun among the population (see color figure 5.2.2B) shows that the surname Sun is widely distributed, but unevenly. In eastern Shandong, the three northeastern provinces, and eastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of the local population surnamed Sun is generally more than 2.6%, and the coverage area accounts for 11.9% of the total land area. Then, the proportion gradually decreases to the west and south, to the middle of Hebei and Henan in the west, and to the middle of Anhui and Jiangsu in the south. The proportion of Sun surnames in this area accounts for 1.95%-2.65% of the local population, covering an area of 5.6% of the total land area. Further west to eastern Qinghai, southwest to northern Sichuan, and south to northwestern Hubei, Jiangxi, and the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang, this ratio ranges from 0.65% to 1.95%, covering an area of ??27.9% of the total land area. In other vast areas, the proportion is less than 0.65%, and the coverage area accounts for 54.6% of the total land area, of which the coverage area with a proportion of less than 0.3% accounts for 24%.
Blood type distribution characteristics
The total blood type distribution of people with the surname Sun is: type O, 5.69 million, accounting for 30.8%; type A, 5.16 million, accounting for 27.9%; type B, 5.8 million, Accounting for 31.4%; type AB was 1.83 million, accounting for 9.9%. The total population of people surnamed Sun is 18.48 million.
Shandong, Jiangsu, northern Anhui, eastern Hebei, eastern Inner Mongolia, and the three northeastern provinces are the most concentrated areas with the Sun surname, accounting for approximately 14.3% of the land area. There are 10.52 million people with the Sun surname, accounting for approximately 56.9% of the total population. Type O is 3.16 million, Type A is 2.9 million, Type B is 3.39 million, and Type AB is 1.07 million.
Henan, Hubei, southern Anhui, Zhejiang, western Hebei, central Inner Mongolia, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Ningbo, southern Gansu, and northern Sichuan are common areas with the surname Sun, accounting for about 20.6% of the land area, with 5.27 million people surnamed Sun. , accounting for about 28.5% of the total population with the surname Sun. Type O is 1.65 million, type A is 1.47 million, type B is 1.64 million, and type AB is 510,000.
The area west of Qinghai and south of the Yangtze River has a small population with the Sun surname, accounting for about 65.1% of the land area. There are 2.69 million people with the Sun surname, accounting for about 14.6% of the total population with the Sun surname. Type O is 880,000, Type A is 790,000, Type B is 770,000, and Type AB is 250,000.
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