Hua Luogeng, a modern mathematician in China. Born in Jintan, Jiangsu Province on November 12, 191, died in Tokyo, Japan on June 12, 1985. In 1924, Jintan Middle School graduated from junior high school, but due to poor family circumstances, after finishing junior high school, he had to drop out of school and become a shop assistant. At the age of 18, he suffered from typhoid fever, resulting in disability of his right leg. After 193, he taught in Tsinghua University. In 1936, he visited and studied at Cambridge University in England. After returning to China in 1938, he became a professor at Southwest United University. In 1946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China in 195. He has served as Professor Tsinghua University, director and honorary director of Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, chairman and honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, director of National Mathematical Competition Committee, foreign academician of American National Academy of Sciences, academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, deputy director, vice president and presidium member of Department of Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, director and vice president of Mathematics Department of China University of Science and Technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and member of the State Council Academic Degree Committee. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the First to Sixth National People's Congress and vice chairman of the Sixth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has been awarded honorary doctorates from Nancy University in France, Chinese University of Hong Kong and University of Illinois in the United States. He is mainly engaged in the research and teaching of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields and has made outstanding achievements. In the 194s, the historical problem of the estimation of Gaussian complete triangular sum was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Waring problem and E. Wright on the Tarry problem have been greatly improved, and they are still the best records.
since 196s, he has applied mathematical methods to practice, screened out the optimization method and overall planning method aiming at improving work efficiency, and achieved remarkable economic benefits.
Comrade Hua Luogeng is a contemporary self-taught scientific master and a world-famous mathematician. He is the founder and pioneer of China's research on analytic number theory, canonical group, matrix geometry, automorphic function theory and multiple complex variable function theory. It laid the foundation for matrix geometry in the future. Text
a brief collection of past events
■ Early study period
Born in a small merchant family in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province on November 12, 191, with a height of 1.65 meters, his father Hua Ruidong opened a small grocery store and his mother was a virtuous housewife. After graduating from Renfang Primary School in the county at the age of 12, he entered Jintan County Junior High School to study. After graduating from junior high school in 1925, he was unable to enter high school because of his poor family, so he had to study accounting at the Chinese Vocational School founded by Huang Yanpei in Shanghai. In less than a year, due to the high cost of living, I was forced to drop out of school and return to Jintan to help my father manage the grocery store.
in the monotonous life of standing at the counter, he began to teach himself mathematics. In the autumn of 1927, he married Wu Xiaozhi. In 1929, Hua Luogeng was employed as a clerk in Jintan Middle School and began to publish papers in Shanghai Science and other magazines. In the winter of 1929, he suffered from severe typhoid fever. After nearly half a year's treatment, although he recovered, the joints of his left leg were seriously damaged, leaving him with a lifelong disability. He had to walk with a cane.
In fact, when Hua Luogeng was in junior high school, he was not good at his homework at one time, and sometimes he failed in the math exam. Wang Weike (born in Jintan in 19), a famous educator and translator in China, who was a math teacher of Hua Luogeng at Jintan Middle School at that time, found that Hua Luogeng was playful, but his thinking was quick, and his math exercises were often changed and changed, and his method of solving problems was very unique and unique. Once, the teacher of Jintan Middle School lamented that there were many "poor students" and no "talents" in the school. Wang Weike said, "Not necessarily. In my opinion, Hua Luogeng is one!" "Hua Luogeng?" A teacher smiled and said, "Look at his two words like a crab crawling. Can he be a' talent'?" Wang Weike said with some excitement, "Of course, he has little hope of becoming a great calligrapher, but how can you see his talent in mathematics from his words?" We must know that when gold is buried in the sand, it looks no different from sand. We need the ability to find gold in the sand most when we are teachers' eyes, otherwise we will bury talents! "
in the spring of 193, his paper "Why the solution of the quintic equation of Su Jiaju's algebra can't be established" was published in Shanghai Science magazine. After seeing it, Professor Xiong Qinglai, who was then the director of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University, inquired and recommended him to be a library assistant in the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University. At the turn of autumn and winter in 1931, Hua Luogeng entered tsinghua campus.
Hua Luogeng works and studies in Tsinghua University. It took him two years to complete the road that ordinary people need eight years to complete. In 1933, he was promoted to teaching assistant and became a lecturer in 1935. In 1936, recommended by Tsinghua University, he was sent to Cambridge University in England to study abroad. During his two years in Cambridge, he devoted all his energy to the study of difficult problems in mathematical theory and was unwilling to waste time applying for a degree. His research results have attracted the attention of the international mathematics community. He returned to China in 1938 and was hired as a professor at Southwest United University. From 1939 to 1941, under extremely difficult conditions, he wrote more than 2 papers and completed his first mathematical monograph, The Theory of Prime Numbers in Stacking Bases. Under the influence of Mr. Wen Yiduo, he also actively participated in the anti-Japanese democratic and patriotic movement that was in full swing at that time. The theory of stacked prime numbers later became a classic in mathematics. In 1947, it was published in Russian in the Soviet Union, and was translated and published in German, English, Hungarian and Chinese in various countries.
from February to may, 1946, he was invited to visit the Soviet union. In 1946, the then National Government also wanted to build an atomic bomb, so it sent three famous scientists, Hua Luogeng, Wu Dayou and Ceng Zhaolun, to visit the United States. In September, Li Zhengdao, Zhu Guangya and others left Shanghai for the United States. They first served as visiting professors at Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, and later were hired as tenured professors by the University of Illinois.
■ Construction Period of Returning to China
When New China was founded in 1949, Hua Luogeng was extremely excited and determined to return to China with his family. The five of them left the United States by boat and arrived in Hong Kong in February 195. In Hongkong, he published an open letter to students studying in the United States, which was full of patriotic passion and encouraged overseas students to come back to serve the new China. The letter was broadcast by Xinhua News Agency on March 11th. On March 16th, 195, Hua Luogeng, his wife and children arrived in Beijing by train.
Hua Luogeng returned to tsinghua campus and served as the head of the Tsinghua University Mathematics Department. Then, at the invitation of Guo Moruo, president of China Academy of Sciences, he began to build a mathematical research institute. In July 1952, the Institute of Mathematics was established, and he served as the director. He devoted himself to training mathematics talents for New China, and Wang Yuan, Lu Qikeng, Gong Sheng, Chen Jingrun and Wan Zhexian became famous mathematicians under his training.
In a few short years after returning to China, his research in the field of mathematics has been fruitful. His thesis "On Functions of Multiple Complex Variables in Typical Fields" won the first prize of national invention in January 1957, and has published monographs in Chinese, Russian and English. In 1957, he published Introduction to Number Theory; In 1959, Leipzig first published Estimation of Exponential Sum and Its Application in Number Theory in German, and then published Russian and Chinese versions successively. In 1963, he and his student Wan Zhexian co-wrote the book Typical Groups, which was published. In order to cultivate young people's enthusiasm for learning mathematics, he initiated and organized a mathematics competition for middle school students in Beijing. He personally participated in the problem setting, invigilation and marking, and repeatedly went to other places to promote this activity. He also wrote a series of popular mathematics books, which had a great influence on teenagers. He advocated cultivating academic atmosphere and conducting academic discussions in scientific research. He initiated the establishment of the Institute of Computer Technology in China, and was also one of the earliest scientists who advocated the development of electronic computers in China.
Hua Luogeng participated in various social activities in New China with a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm. In 1953, he joined a delegation of scientists from China to visit the Soviet Union. As a representative of China mathematicians, he attended the first World Congress of Mathematicians after World War II in Hungarian. He also attended the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference and the World Peace Council. In 1958, together with Guo Moruo, he led a delegation from China to attend a conference on "Coordination on Science, Technology and Engineering" held in New Delhi.
in 1958, Hua Luogeng was appointed as vice president and head of applied mathematics department of the University of Science and Technology of China. While continuing to study mathematical theory, he tried to find a way to combine mathematics with industrial and agricultural practice. After a period of practice, he found that the overall planning method and the optimization method in mathematics can be widely used in industrial and agricultural production, which can improve work efficiency and change the face of work management. So, while giving lectures at the University of Science and Technology, he led students to promote the optimization method and overall planning method in industrial and agricultural practice. In early 1964, he wrote to Chairman Mao, expressing his determination to take the road of combining workers and peasants. On March 18th of the same year, Chairman Mao wrote back in person: "Poems and letters have been read. Top gun, congratulations. " He wrote "Plain Talk and Supplement of Overall Planning Method" and "Plain Talk and Supplement of Optimal Selection Method", and personally led the teachers and students of the University of Science and Technology of China to some enterprises and factories to promote and apply the "double methods" to serve industrial and agricultural production. "Go to Jianghan to fight the heat in summer, and go to Songliao to frost in winter." This is a portrayal of his life at that time. In 1965, Chairman Mao wrote to him again, congratulating and encouraging him to "work hard and serve the people instead of individuals".
■ During the struggle of the Cultural Revolution
After the Cultural Revolution began, Hua Luogeng, who was promoting the "double law" in other places, was called back to Beijing by express telegram to write an inspection and accept criticism. After learning this situation, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed: "The overall planning method is still necessary." In April 197, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou, the State Council invited the heads of seven industrial departments to listen to Hua Luogeng's lecture on the optimization method and overall planning method. After that, relying on his personal reputation, he seconded capable personnel to various places to form a "team to promote the optimal selection method and the overall planning method" and personally led the team to promote the "double methods" throughout the country to serve industrial and agricultural production. Team * * * has been to 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and wherever it goes, it has set off mass activities of scientific experiments and practice, and achieved great economic and social benefits. His work was concerned and supported by Hu Yaobang, Ye Jianying and other comrades.
In 1975, when he promoted "double therapy" in Daxing 'anling, he suffered from myocardial infarction for the first time because of overwork. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, he was appointed vice president of China Academy of Sciences. His many years' research achievements, such as Talking from the Unit Circle, Application of Number Theory in Approximate Analysis (in cooperation with Wang Yuan) and Optimality Theory, have also been published. In May 1979, after being isolated from the world for more than 1 years, he made a seven-month visit to Western Europe, and introduced his mathematics research results to his international counterparts with the wish of "finding a master at chess and playing the axe to the class".
■ In his later years, he suffered from myocardial infarction for the second time in November 1982.
in October 1983, he went to the United States as a one-year lecture at the invitation of California Institute of Technology. During his stay in the United States, he attended the inaugural meeting of the Third World Academy of Sciences in Park Jung Su, Italy, and was elected as an academician. In April 1984, he attended the ceremony of awarding him a foreign academician by the American Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., and he was the first China person to receive this honor. In April, 1985, he was elected as Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference at the Third Session of the Sixth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Conference.
Hua Luogeng does a lot of social work. He is a member of the first to sixth the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC); He joined the NLD in September 1952 and was elected as the vice chairman of the NLD Central Committee in 1979. In 1958, he put forward a request to join the China * * * production party, and in June 1979, he was approved to join the China * * * production party. When answering Comrade Deng Yingchao's encouragement, he said: "The horizontal knife does not care about the white head, but leaps forward to the young and strong, and lives up to party member's name."
On June 3rd, 1985, he visited Japan at the invitation of Japan Asian Cultural Exchange Association. On June 12th, at 4pm, he gave a speech to the Japanese mathematics community in the lecture hall of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of the University of Tokyo. The topic was pure mathematics and its application. At the end of the speech at 5: 15 pm, at the moment when he accepted the flowers, his body suddenly leaned back and fell on the rostrum. At 1: 9 pm, he was announced to have died of acute myocardial infarction.
Hua Luogeng has made great achievements in mathematics all his life. He has made outstanding contributions in many fields, such as number theory, matrix geometry, canonical group, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations and high-dimensional numerical integration. The reason why he has made such great achievements is that he has a sincere patriotism and indomitable spirit of innovation. Because of this, he was able to resolutely give up the generous treatment of tenured professors in the United States and welcome the dawn of the motherland; He was able to resist criticism and blows, work hard, serve the people instead of individuals, and become an outstanding scientist renowned at home and abroad.
Hua Luogeng's wife
Hua Luogeng is a famous mathematician at home and abroad, and his outstanding achievements have long been respected by the world. Whenever people ask about his success, he always praises his wife, Wu Xiaozhi, and sighs: "She is an unsung hero, and my whole career is inseparable from her!" For decades, Wu Xiaozhi has played an important role in Hua Luogeng's life and career.
1. At the age of 18, Wu Xiaozhi was married to Hua Luogeng, a fellow countryman. Less than a few months after the marriage, the plague spread to Jintan County, Jiangsu Province, killing her mother-in-law. Not long after, Hua Luogeng was also infected with the plague and was in a coma every day. At this time, Wu Xiaozhi gave her nursing daughter to her mother to take care of, and she waited beside her husband day and night. Because her mother-in-law has just passed away, her daughter is new to the world, and her husband is seriously ill, it is even more difficult for Hua Luogeng, who is not rich. To this end, Wu Xiaozhi carried his family, took the ornaments he loved when he got married to the pawnshop, and exchanged money to buy medicine for her husband's treatment. Perhaps the power of love strengthened Hua Luogeng's determination and courage to overcome the disease, and he finally struggled out of the dying line. Unfortunately, the disease disabled one of his legs.
Second, after Hua Luogeng recovered from his illness, although he was physically disabled, his will became stronger. He is determined to devote himself to the scientific research of the motherland and study mathematics harder. In order to provide convenience for her husband, even if she sometimes goes to a pot without rice, she tries to solve it alone and never lets her husband be distracted. Soon, Hua Luogeng published the paper "Why Su Jiaju's Algebraic quintic Equation Solution Can't Be Established", which was appreciated by Professor Xiong Qinglai of Tsinghua University and invited him to teach in Tsinghua. Wu Xiaozhi naturally wants to live in Beijing, but she thinks that her husband's monthly salary is too low to support a family of three. And she's pregnant, and she's better at giving birth.