Editing this mysterious hill reveals the top secret of ancient Yunnan
In p>1953, shortly after the establishment of the Yunnan Archaeological Task Force, some rusty bronzes appeared in the scrap collection station on the streets of Kunming. These mysterious artifacts have nothing in common with the bronze age civilization in Central Plains, which scholars are familiar with. They reveal a mysterious atmosphere from an independent ancient world. After three years' efforts, in 1956, archaeologists finally revealed the greatest discovery in the archaeological history of Yunnan: a kingdom that disappeared for thousands of years-the tombs of ancient Yunnan. The hill is very ordinary, 2 meters wide from east to west and 5 meters long from north to south. It is located on the bank of Dianchi Lake and looks like a whale lying on the beach from a distance. This small hill is called Shizhai Mountain. There are no steles and no mounds. It is so dull that it is not enough to arouse the greedy fantasy of grave robbers, so it can be peaceful for two thousand years. In the autumn of 1956, the official excavation began, and a brand-new and unknown mysterious culture emerged. The hill is a huge tomb group, and the objects unearthed continuously, followed by surprises, not only excited archaeologists, but also surprised historians. A golden seal-"Seal of the King of Yunnan" was unearthed in Tomb No.6, and this golden seal was recorded in Historical Records, which was given to the King of Yunnan by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the second year of Yuanfeng. Sima Qian said in Historical Records that there is a country called "Dian" in Yunnan, but there is no record about it since then. Except that Sima Qian's records were quoted again in Later Han Shu and Huayang Guozhi, no one mentioned it again. This ancient Dian kingdom has disappeared, and there is no trace, no legend, and no one knows where its subjects have gone. If it weren't for this discovery, no one would have known what a splendid historical era was behind this short record in Historical Records.
The mysterious appearance and disappearance of the editing section
The cultural relics unearthed with it almost represent the fine products of bronze culture in the era of Yunnan, including the heavy vessels and shells, bronze bells, swords with gold pins, gold beads, agates, jade, chariots and horses, and exotic copper buckles. They are priceless, representing the real existence of an ancient Yunnan kingdom, the first local government in ancient Yunnan history. The magnificent bronze culture is the background of this ancient kingdom. They are extremely exquisite, with a high level of craftsmanship, and their styles and shapes have nothing in common with the culture of the Central Plains. They are a kind of civilization that has emerged and developed in an independent region. This mysterious ancient civilization seems to be unable to resist loneliness. After disappearing for many centuries, it has quietly opened a gap. From the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age, Yunnan was more than 1 years later than other ancient civilizations in the world. But in the following years, Yunnan people relied on their talents and wisdom to bring the civilization of the Bronze Age to the extreme. Historians are still puzzled. Where did this highly developed bronze civilization, which almost suddenly appeared on the Yunnan Plateau, originate? Scholars have found that the craftsmen in ancient Yunnan not only have superb artistic level, but also have been able to master the proper proportion of copper and tin in casting technology. The proportion of tin in the weapon is large to improve its hardness; The proportion of tin in decorations is small for modeling, which reflects that ancient Yunnan people are familiar with the properties of different metals. Some objects have been treated with tin plating, gold plating and gilding, and inlaid with jade patterns, which have a symmetrical and complete appearance and delicate and complicated patterns. Although the figures on the shell container and some buckles are only 3 cm in size, their eyes are clear and their facial expressions are visible. The lines carved on the objects are very shallow, but the techniques are very skilled. They were all carved by craftsmen by hand two thousand years ago. These cultural relics show that Yunnan is a self-contained and independent bronze culture type.
The more discoveries and mysteries we make when editing this paragraph
The more discoveries we make about ancient Yunnan, the more problems will follow. For example, where is the capital of this vanished kingdom built? In the area centered on Dianchi Lake, the ancient tombs are connected with the ancient tombs. Under the shallow soil layer, all kinds of bronze devices are scattered everywhere. Under the shallow soil layer along the coast of Dianchi Lake, people keep digging out corroded swords and spears or axes from the ground, but no one has ever found the ancient capital of Yunnan. The ancient Dian kingdom disappeared, but its story did not end. More than 2, years later, Yunnan, a kingdom that created a splendid bronze civilization, became the abbreviation of Yunnan. Kunming —— This nomadic people who traveled in the western Yunnan Plateau, lived without a fixed place, and fought with Yunnan people became the name of a modern city. Isn't this the legacy left by the history that seems to have disappeared? Maybe one day, we can reproduce that splendid bronze civilization with these remaining historical fragments around us.
Edit the characteristics of Yunnan bronzes in ancient Dian culture
According to textual research, the ancient Dian Kingdom was a slave empire established by ancient ethnic minorities in Yunnan. It flourished on the shores of Dianchi Lake and flourished from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty. Living in the southwest corner, far away from the cultural vision of the Central Plains. Ancient Yunnan has been lost in historical dust for a long time, which seems mysterious and bizarre. A unique bronze culture existed in Yunnan in the seventh century BC. At that time, the ancient Dian nationality was rarely bound by the traditional ethics of the Central Plains, and it was more open and creative in terms of artistic conception and expression. As far as objects and types are concerned, everything is made of bronze, regardless of production tools, daily necessities, weapons, musical instruments or decorations, while bronzes in the Central Plains are mostly limited to weapons and ritual instruments. In particular, the decorative patterns on bronzes are mostly vivid images of animals and plants in nature and typical plots in people's daily lives. As far as animal images in decorative themes are concerned, there are more than forty kinds of bronzes in ancient Yunnan, ranging from tigers and leopards to bees and beetles, which are very delicate and realistic. There are great differences between ancient Yunnan bronzes and other frontier cultures in China. There are not only bronze weapons, such as weapons, spears, forks and swords, which are obviously influenced by the bronze civilization of Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains, but also shell containers and bronze buckles with the theme of reflecting the social life of Yunnan Kingdom, which obviously have the unique regional cultural characteristics of Yunnan Kingdom.
Editing the Mystery of Wang Jinyin and Yuyuan Ancient City in Yunnan
From p>1955 to 196, archaeologists excavated 5 ancient tombs from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning County, near Dianchi Lake, and unearthed more than 4, cultural relics, most of which were bronzes, indicating that the owners of the tombs lived in the heyday of bronze culture in Yunnan. In 1956, scholars were shocked by the discovery in Tomb No.6 of Shizhaishan: a golden seal of the king of Yunnan was dug up, and the historical fact that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave Wang Yin the king of Yunnan was confirmed in Historical Records, which fully showed that the ancient kingdom of Yunnan really existed and its capital city was in Jinning area. Historians have always believed that the disappearance of the ancient city of Han, Yu and Yuan is a mystery. In history, even if Yu Yuan changed the place name, it should be recorded. However, after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the information of the ancient city of Yu and Yuan was interrupted. Where did Yu Yuancheng go? "History of Han Geography" contains: "Yu Yuan, the pool is in the south, and the bridge water comes out ...", "The bridge water bears the south pool of Yu Yuan, and the county governs Longchizhou, which is seventeen miles on Thursday." Yuyuan County is now Chengjiang, Jiangchuan, Hongta, Shilin (Lunan) and other counties. Longchizhou, a big and strong county, should be a prosperous city. This city is definitely not the present Chengjiang City. Then, where is Yuyuan County in Han Dynasty? Has this city sunk into Fuxian Lake? The inner city of the underwater ancient city of Fuxian Lake may be the departure of Dian Wang from the Palace, which may be later renamed Yuyuan County. Yuyuan Ancient County City is really like what the people say, "There is a sunken city in Chengjiang Lake", which sank to the bottom of the lake due to the earthquake. It is the remaining ancient city under Fuxian Lake that is now being detected.
Edit the ancient town of Jincheng, the imperial capital of the ancient Dian Kingdom.
Jincheng Town, Jinning County, is located on the east bank of Dianchi Lake, surrounded by mountains on three sides and a lakeside hilly plain on one side. Here, there are criss-crossing buildings, criss-crossing fields and ten thousand acres of fertile land. About 5 kilometers west of the ancient town is Shizhai Mountain, a well-known national key cultural relics protection unit. This place is the final destination of the N-generation Dian kings, their families and servants, the capital of the ancient Dian kingdom in Jincheng Town and the birthplace of Dian culture. Jincheng Town has always been the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan from the old China period to the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ruled China, Jincheng, as the seat of Ningzhou County, was once "expanded by the secretariat of Liang Pi, building nine gates and twelve thoroughfares", which shows the grand scale at that time. In the 22nd year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1486), a brick city was built, and four gates, namely, Wengcheng, Longxiang, Nanxun, Fengqing and Gongcheng, were built in the southeast and northwest. After hundreds of years, they were repaired or destroyed occasionally. By the time of field survey in AD 1954, the broken ancient city wall was 4,1 meters long and 4 meters high, and it was completely demolished in AD 1958 due to the need of urban construction. In the ancient town, most of the houses and public buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties are well preserved now, so people can still imagine the prosperity of the ancient town in that year. On May 2, 23, Kunming Daily reported: "The long history of the ancient town, the unique ancient residential courtyard, the unique pattern of streets and lanes and the exquisite architectural carving art have attracted great attention of experts from the Cultural Relics Protection Bureau of Zurich, Switzerland. Twenty of them visited the ancient town three times, and they were amazed by the lost civilization of the ancient Dian kingdom." Jincheng, an ancient town, has a special position in the history of architecture and urban construction. The well-preserved urban construction layout of Ming and Qing Dynasties covers an area of more than 6, square meters. It is composed of eight streets in the old city, including Shangxi Street, Xiaxi Street and Guanjing Street, with dozens of alleys. This architectural style has been preserved since the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Most of the residential courtyards preserved in the streets and lanes are of "dry column" and "one printed" structure, with "three rooms with four ears" or "two rooms with two ears" quadrangle layout, beam-lifting and bucket-type roof truss, double eaves and mountain-resting combination, carved lattice doors and windows, carved dragons and carved phoenixes, flowers and trees embossed, which are exquisite and sophisticated, and have been highly valued by Chinese and foreign experts! Wipe away the thick dust on the houses, and the dazzling national art will appear in front of people in an instant. In ancient rural towns in China, except for those close to rivers and streams, most of them were drilled with wells, and there were many ancient wells in Jincheng, which was unexpected by ordinary people. About the anecdotes and legends of wells, more than N can be collected in Jincheng. No matter how credible these legends are, what people see today is the wonders of well folk custom "every family has a well and every household has a clear spring"! In the ancient town, almost all the houses have a well, which the locals call a "private well". In particular, it is worth mentioning that these wells are not in the yard, but are directly dug by the hearth in the kitchen of the host family, which brings great convenience to life! Corresponding to these private wells, there are also some wells scattered on the street outside the house. These wells are called "official wells", hence the name of Jincheng Guanjing Street. Without exception, these ancient wells have different characteristics from wells in other places. First, the wellhead is small, and the wellhead diameter is only about 2 cm; Second, there is a symmetrical hole on both sides of well field. The local old man explained that the wellhead is small to prevent suicide, and the hole on both sides of well field is to lock the manhole cover to prevent the bad guys from poisoning! What a wise thought and thoughtful prevention, this is the creative life of the ancient town people, which provides us with an infinite space for daydreaming. Due to the long history, on the well field chiseled with purple sand stone or large bluestone, the grinding marks left by the owner's family who lifted water up and down with a well rope day after day were deeply printed on the well field. This is the seal of the passing years, and it is a reminder of life left by the joys and sorrows of Jincheng people from generation to generation. The natural landscape around the ancient town of Jincheng is extremely beautiful. The well-known five-character ancient poem "One trip to two or three miles, four or five smoke villages, six or seven towers and eighty or ninety flowers" describes and praises this landscape. According to the textual research of Mr. Li Fengji, a local scholar of local chronicles in Jinning, in 1989, this poem was written by Wang Shouzuo, a juren in the first ugly year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1625). Wang Juren is a native of Jinsha, Jinning. The poem describes the spring countryside scene from the east gate of Jincheng to Panlong Temple. The author and his friends went out for a spring outing, and the road west of the East Gate was full of peach, willow and green, and there were four or five families in a village called Caiyan Village by the road, with bamboo fences and vegetable beds, and the smoke curled up, which was a beautiful rural scene in spring! A few more miles later, I came to Panlong Ancient Temple, a famous and colorful temple in central Yunnan, which was photocopied on the balcony. Climbing the Rizhao Mountain, the main peak of Panlong Temple at an altitude of 2,174 meters, Lin Tao bursts, looking around, and getting a close look at Shizhai Mountain, the tomb of Dian Wang in the Western Han Dynasty, the Tiannv City built by Li Xiu, the heroine of Ning Zhou in the Jin Dynasty, the stone statue of the king of stone in the Song Dynasty, the Bazaar thorn in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Liang Wang Mountain, where Valmi buried his bones. Crossing the misty Dianchi Lake, overlooking the peaks of Taihua, Biji and Jade Case, the morning glow and the sunset glow, from the present to the present, can't finish the vicissitudes of the ancient town! Records biographies, inscriptions and events of historical figures.