Tong Xuehong
Tong Xuehong (1909-1966), a famous artist. His original name was Hongyan, with the courtesy names Wan'an, _an, and __, his nickname was Yin Yin, and his alias was the owner of Bai_zhai. He was a native of Chaohu City, Anhui Province. He graduated from Shanghai Xinhua Art College in his early years and worked in epigraphic painting and art teaching in Anhui, Sichuan and other places. In 1957, he was appointed deputy director of the Fine Arts Department of Anhui Art Institute. In 1981, People's Fine Arts Publishing House published "Selected Paintings and Calligraphy by Tong Xuehong".
Chinese name: Tong Xuehong
Alias: original name Hongyan, with the courtesy names Wan'an, _an, __, the number Yin Yin, and the alias Bai_zhaizhu
Nationality: Chinese
Ethnicity: Han
Birthplace: Chaohu, Anhui
Date of birth: 1909
Date of death: 1966< /p>
Occupation: Painter
Graduation school: Shanghai Xinhua Art College
Representative work: "Selected Paintings and Calligraphy by Tong Xuehong"
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p>Tong Xuehong was an early member of Xiling Seal Society and managed thousands of seals in his life. During the Anti-Japanese War, five volumes of "Xuehong Seal" were compiled and published, signed by Huang Binhong, Wang Fu'an, Ma Gongyu, Zhang Daqian and others. After 1949, a lot of printings were made, all of which showed great skill. His achievements in the art of seal cutting are based on a profound tradition. He first studied in the Anhui School and traced back to ancient seals. He has extensive knowledge of famous artists from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, especially Deng Shiru and Huang Shiling. He has a deep understanding of the two families. He is quiet and far-reaching, plain and leisurely, simple and green. , If you don’t inspire or encourage, you will stay away from the wind. In the author's humble opinion, the aesthetic orientation of any seal-cutting style is to be large and skillful but clumsy. Wu Xizai, Wu Changshuo and Huang Shiling are all the same. Wu Rang's words, "In seal engraving, integrity and honesty are the top priority, and making your head comfortable is the next best thing." This value orientation and aesthetic orientation is clarified.
Evaluation
Tong Xuehong has profound seal cutting skills, profound attainments and great achievements. He started with the seals of the Qin and Han dynasties, and his seal writing methods were all derived from ancient Qin and Han seals and seals of famous people. He integrated the styles of the two major schools of Anhui and Zhejiang into the seal seals to form his own style; he used knives as ghostwriters to express his own unique style. The art of calligraphy: the sealing is ancient and clumsy but contains exquisiteness, the old and spicy contains new ideas, the calligraphy is powerful and concise, and the white text is simple and elegant. The famous seal engraver Qian Juntao wrote to Mr. Qian in 1964: "I have sent you a masterpiece to read, and I admire it endlessly. The spirit of Lu Xun's couplet is very good. It is a 'collective creation'. 'I am so happy that I can't sleep'. I admire it the most. The stone bookmark is quite valuable." New ideas, this way can be opened." Ding Jifu, a sealer from Jiangnan, got Tong Xuehong to make a small seal for him, and he couldn't help but praise: "It looks like the seal of Qin." Deng Sanmu, a master of epigraphy and stone of the generation, greatly admired his seal carvings and often exchanged letters. He once wrote in a letter: "I admire the craftsmanship of the small seals with great precision, profound and reliable skills, surpassing my peers, and I am highly admired!" During Tong Xuehong's anti-Japanese war, Xuehong's seals were preserved 5 The collection was signed by Wang Fuchang, Huang Binhong, Ma Gongyu and Shen Yinmo. After liberation, he carved many poems by Mao Zedong, showing his skill. In 1965, the Modern Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition sponsored by the Foreign Cultural Affairs Committee was exhibited in Japan. Tong Xuehong participated in the exhibition with one of his seals, which was well received by Japanese friends. He is also skilled in stone carving, wood carving, lacquer carving, jade carving and even gold and silver carving.
Tong Xuehong’s calligraphy is even more unique. A senior calligrapher praised him as “a man who has wandered around for a long time in the Han and Wei dynasties, and a man who danced vigorously with ink in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties.” The brush is handled like a knife, with less obvious pattern beauty. It follows the ancient but not the ancient, follows the rules but goes out of the way, and creates its own unique style. The structure of these characters is written high on the left and low on the right. There is balance and harmony in the distortion. The title of "Anhui Literature" before 1982 is Tong Xuehong's representative work. One character contains the meaning of stele, official pen, regular script, seal script, thick stipples and leaping brushwork. In 1965, when the Modern Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition sponsored by the Foreign Cultural Affairs Committee was exhibited in Japan, his seal script couplet "The golden sands and water beat against the clouds and cliffs are warm, and the iron cables across the Dadu Bridge are cold" which was well received by Japanese friends.
Tong Xuehong's painting skills are also very superb. His paintings are elegant in style, fresh in composition and artistic conception, pay equal attention to meticulous brushwork and freehand brushwork, and are full of a strong sense of life. He is good at flowers, melons, fruits, feathers, caterpillars and fish, with plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum as his essence. The branches of plum blossoms in his paintings are mainly bent, and the flowers are in full bloom, sometimes with sparse branches and cold shadows, which further shows his sophisticated brushwork and cleanliness. When he painted bamboo, he often used the seal script method to create thick lines and a single stroke. In the end, the old pole and the new bamboo are divided, straight and strong, often expressing his own inner sentiments through bamboo's straightness, humility, chastity, fanyin and aoshuang's character. The chrysanthemums in his paintings are all drawn out with seal script, which is unique and interesting.
In 1956, two works were exhibited at the Second National Traditional Chinese Painting Exhibition, and were exhibited in Poland and the Soviet Union. The famous painter Yu Fei wrote a review, saying that Tong's painting of autumn chrysanthemums was an outstanding work of this exhibition, and that using old colored paper to paint white chrysanthemums was a pioneering work. Because he was good at painting chrysanthemums, he was known as the "Children's Chrysanthemum". Du Jingwu rated it as "ancient, beautiful, clean, old-fashioned and pure", which combines simplicity and perseverance, and his person and painting are consistent with the connotation of chrysanthemum.
In 1990, Liu Haisu mourned the death of Tong Xuehong and wrote a poem: "The rain of flowers fills the sky with a smile, and the young man's spirit is high. In the period of time, the peng's wings soared into the clouds, but Hua Dian mourned Xuehong." I have been lonely for many years, and I have just fallen asleep in the grass. I dream of the waves of Chaohu lapping on the shore, calling you to listen to the ice strings outside." Liu Haisu also wrote in the preface and postscript of the poem: "The painting disciple Tong Xuehong is an upright person and has higher quality than his peers. Unfortunately, he passed away unjustly in a catastrophe. The elders in his hometown respected him and set up a special room to display his works. Chunhui's daughter wrote to Jinghua and recited two poems to express his sorrow and express his sorrow thousands of miles away. Ni Hongzhaoer!”
The reason why Tong Xuehong achieved such achievements in art is mainly due to his hard work and humility to learn. His ancestors were illiterate farmers for several generations, so his father made up his mind to train Tong Xuehong to study, to honor his ancestors, and to have an official position without being bullied by others. However, Tong Xuehong has been obsessed with seal cutting since he was a boy. It is said that his teacher at the Enlightenment School was very good at seal cutting and compiled "The Technique of Seal Carving Knives".
Others
Tong Xuehong is an all-rounder in calligraphy, good at both cursive, seal and official script. Looking at his poem "Winter Clouds" written by Chairman Mao in regular regular script, he got the meaning of "Zhang Heinv" There are many, the writing is light, and the meaning of the monument is very strong at the turning points and between the strokes. He followed the path of blending inscriptions and inscriptions. He took advantage of the momentum from the side, and his words were astonishing, but there was no crazy and deliberate gesture. The official script is based on "Liqi", and integrates "Zhang Qian" and "Yi Ying". It pays attention to the beauty of ornaments and integrates the meaning of running script. The characters are like flying and are written with the meaning of seal script, so it has a lot of implicit beauty. There are many forms of seal script, and the glyphs are either in Li style or in Wu Rangzhi's style, but they have changed the habit of using the pen evenly and strengthened the meaning of the writing. Among them, the flat and square style is close to the seal cutting style. In the field of seal script, Tong Xuehong is also good at oracle bone inscriptions. The oracle bone inscription couplet he wrote reads, "A thousand words are written like a boat in the water, and I am as content as the moon in the sky." The pen is strong and strong, the characters are simple and vivid, and the inscriptions and stones are vivid on the paper. The shortcomings are that it looks very new. Because the creation of oracle bone inscriptions only appeared during the Republic of China, there is almost no precedent for it. The creation has a certain degree of difficulty. It must not only reveal the requirements for deed engraving, but also avoid the influence of Xiaozhuan. It is indeed not easy to achieve such an achievement.