Preserving cultural relics at all costs, even risking their lives, is not only out of patriotism and sincerity, but also based on deep understanding and sincere love for national cultural heritage. Mr. Zhang has an eye for treasures. His collection of paintings and calligraphy works is a bright pearl in the history of art. In his collection, Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie is the earliest celebrity handwriting in China's calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation, and Sui Zhanziqian's You Chuntu Volume is the earliest scroll painting handed down from generation to generation, and it is also the earliest independent landscape painting, which is a double gem. In addition, the Poems of Zhang by Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Shangtie by Huang Tingjian in the Song Dynasty, Jiang Xue Guiba Tujuan and Shan Ju Tujuan by Xuan are all important cultural relics, occupying a unique position in the history of art.
Mr. Zhang Boju and his wife, Ms. Pan Su (a green landscape painter) don't regard the famous calligraphy paintings that have been bought and painstakingly protected as their own, but as the cultural heritage of the whole nation.
Since the 1950s, Zhang and his wife have successively donated masterpieces of calligraphy and painting that have been treasured for 30 years to the country, making these cultural relics the treasures of museums, showing lofty patriotic feelings and selfless dedication.
1965, when Zhang Boju donated the Hundred Flowers Map and the remaining 30 pieces of Gu Shuhua to the Jilin Provincial Museum, which is today's Jilin Provincial Museum, there was a cultural official named Song Zhenting in Jilin Province. He shook Zhang Boju's hand and said, Mr. Zhang suddenly made our museum a rich man.
Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie, Zhan Ziqian's You Chuntu and Du Mu's Zhang Shi are all treasures of the Palace Museum. From 65438 to 0956, the Palace Museum received an extremely precious gift: Zhang Boju, a famous collector, and his wife Pan Su donated their 30-year-old treasures, including Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie, Du Mu's Zhang Shi, Fan Zhongyan's Fu Tao Zan and Huang Tingjian's cursive script. It's free.
"What adjectives can be used to describe the value of anything donated by Mr. Zhang Boju?" Zhang Hongwei, one of the planners of the TV documentary "The Forbidden City" and the president of the Forbidden City Publishing House, sincerely felt. Zhang Hongwei said that there are two top donors in the Forbidden City, one is Sun Yingzhou who donated porcelain, and the other is Zhang Boju who donated calligraphy and painting. Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie is the "originator of mountains" in the ink handed down from ancient times. Although it is less than a foot long and only has nine lines, it is covered with the collection chapters of famous artists of all ages. There are many seals of Zhu, and the paper is full of brilliance, which is praised as "the first post in China" by collectors. You Chuntu was painted by Zhan Ziqian, a great painter in Sui Dynasty, more than 1400 years ago, and it is considered as the earliest existing painting in China. "My father just left us something like this, enough for generations to eat. That's a millionaire, a multimillionaire! " Zhang Boju and Pan Su's only daughter, 73-year-old Zhang Chuancai said with a smile. The only old house left by my father in Houhai was in disrepair. She and her wife, two white-haired old people, took a bus to the appointed place for an interview in the rain early in the morning. It is hard to imagine that this 70-year-old man with simple clothes was once a prominent and rich person in Miss Zhang's family. At the peak of his life, he owned several quadrangles in Beijing. "I remember listening to my parents before going to bed one night and saying what to do with this last part of calligraphy and painting. We were young and never asked about our father. But I know that his eyes are very powerful, and the collection is the best of the best. " At the end of 1955, the government issued bonds, calling on people to buy them enthusiastically. Zhang Boju is also full of trust and enthusiasm for this new government. "He told us that this government is not like the Kuomintang, and we should attach importance to it and love it." Zhang Boju, who has always been detached from politics, donated his original Li Bai's Loutaitie to Mao Zedong, who likes calligraphy, through Bing Xu, then head of the United Front Work Department (1958 from Mao Zedong to the Forbidden City). Therefore, after Zhang Boju came back from the mobilization meeting, he and his wife Pan Su discussed buying bonds. "At that time, there was nothing wrong with life at home, but there was not much cash, because money was bought for calligraphy and painting, and there was no money!" Therefore, Zhang Boju and his wife discussed and donated eight fine works collected in the past 30 years to become the eternal collection of the Forbidden City. The 200,000 yuan awarded by the government was politely declined by Zhang Boju. "He simply said,' I've seen a lot of things, and collecting them is like passing clouds, but these things don't have to stay with me forever. I can donate them and let these treasures stay in our country forever. "Zhang Boju's son-in-law building recalled. "Many people don't understand their father. They sold such a big house, changed a position, and then donated this position. What is this for? But I can understand him, I really can understand him. " Lao Zhang Manchuan said calmly: "My father is such a person. He is a man who loves his country. He believes that these cultural relics belong to a country and a nation first. As long as the country can keep them, he will not pay any price. "
According to Mr. Guan Ruizhi, a contemporary senior landscape painter and traditional Chinese painting theorist, in the summer of 1980, when he accompanied, closed and visited the Summer Palace, a leader in Henan asked Guan and two old people: Many celebrities today are considering building museums to record their works of art. Have you considered it? Zhang Lao replied, "My things are in the Forbidden City, so don't take it to heart." . Zhang Lao's answer made everyone present respect him. This is Mr. Zhang Boju's public testimony to his personal collection before 1982 died.
1956 In July, Shen Yanbing, then Minister of Culture, personally presented a commendation order to Zhang Boju who donated eight national treasures. This thin piece of paper was carefully preserved by the Zhang family, which also witnessed the great contribution made by a person who deeply loves China culture to the preservation of national cultural heritage.
Reply post is one of the most typical examples.
Zhang Boju first met Ping Fu Tie at a disaster relief painting and calligraphy meeting in Hubei, which was then owned by Pu Ru (Xinyu Pu). Pu Ru is the great-grandson of Daoguang and the grandson of Prince Gong. 1936, Pu Ru sold Han Gan's Night White Map to others, and then went abroad. Zhang Boju couldn't get over it for a long time. According to Wang's recollection, fearing that "Ping Fu Tie" would repeat the same mistakes, he entrusted a boss of Liulichang to sell it. However, Pu Ru asked for 200,000 yuan, but Zhang Boju could not win. The next year, Zhang Daqian was also asked to buy from Pu Ru, and stopped before the asking price of 200,000 yuan. Zhang Boju was obsessed with this. Later, she accidentally learned that Pu Ru had lost her mother and needed money to send her to the funeral. After the mediation of Fu Yuanshu, she bought it for 40,000 yuan. Later, I learned that another calligraphy and painting dealer named Bai wanted to get this painting and sell it to the Japanese at a price of 200,000. Fortunately, Zhang Boju got an answer. Zhang Boju later wrote a short article, only mentioning it lightly. "In the past, I tried to prevent" Night White Map "from going abroad, but failed, which ended my long-cherished wish and was also one of the major events in my life." In Zhang Boju's eyes, these calligraphy and paintings with China culture are even more precious than his own life. 194 1 year, there was a sensational kidnapping case in Shanghai, and the abductee was Zhang Boju. "My father goes to the Shanghai branch for a meeting every month. Our car will pick him up after the plane comes down early in the morning. " As usual, a car drove ahead, and the car in which Zhang Boju was riding followed. Behold, as soon as he entered the alley, Zhang Boju was quickly taken away by people who got on and off in a black car. The identity and details of the kidnappers soon became an open secret in Shanghai-they were the "No.76" secret service organization of the Wang puppet secret service headquarters and demanded 3 million yuan (counterfeit money) from their wives, otherwise they would kill the tickets. The kidnappers obviously came for their money, but most of the money of the Zhang family actually turned into those precious calligraphy and painting. "My father's uncle borrowed money from my mother everywhere, because there was no money at home and they all bought calligraphy and painting." Zhang Chuancai recalled that the easiest and feasible way was to sell calligraphy and painting and take money to redeem people. Pan Su later managed to go to Zhang Boju once, but her husband secretly told her that the calligraphy and painting at home should never be moved, especially the "reply card"! "My father says this is my life. It doesn't matter if I die. This calligraphy and painting should stay. He said I shouldn't sell it for money to redeem me. In that case, I won't go out. " Therefore, in the past eight months, Zhang Boju would rather risk being ripped off at any time, and never promised to sell the collection. It was not until the kidnappers compromised, reduced the ransom from 3 million to 400 thousand, and borrowed money from each other with Zhang Jiacai that they were rescued.
Soon, Zhang Boju left Shanghai and came to Xi via Ning and Yu. Pan Su entrusted the young Zhang Chuancai to a friend of Xi and went back to Beijing himself. In the following years, Zhang Chuancai only remembered that his parents traveled back and forth between Beijing and Xi again and again. I didn't know that Beijing had fallen until I grew up. His mother, Pan Su, secretly sewed them in the quilt, so as not to let those national treasures have any accidents like answering letters. Zhang Boju and You Chuntu are another story worth remembering forever. In 1930s, Puyi went to the northeast to be the emperor of Manchukuo, and took away 1200 precious cultural relics from the Forbidden City. 1945, with the defeat of Japan, some precious calligraphy and paintings began to flow into the market. "We suggest two ways to the Palace Museum: First, whoever rewards Pu Jie, whether true or false, will be recovered by the Palace Museum at a fixed price; Second, the selected products are purchased and recycled after review. " Zhang Boju, a special member of the Palace Museum at that time, thought that about four or five hundred valuable cultural relics could be recovered at the current price without spending too much money. During the period of 1946, it was reported in Beiping Antique Circle that Ma Ji Chuan, the owner of Liulichang, was looking for a buyer for an ancient painting, which was a rare treasure, You Chuntu. Zhang Boju originally suggested that the Palace Museum should make a purchase, and said that if the funds were insufficient, he would "turn around on his behalf", but he still didn't get a response from the Palace Museum. In desperation, Zhang Boju decided to personally. Because of that special history, the name "Zhang Boju" and its unique value were covered up for a long time. Those not-so-long memories of this legendary figure are gradually excavated, even if they are only fleeting shadows, but the kind of cultural and personality strength it reflects is enough to cross the dust of history, shine dazzling light and warm the cultural memory of a generation of China people.
"Born in chaos, hate reading less. Thirty years later, I became fascinated with calligraphy and painting. Although I saw the name system, I still saved money, and people may smile and have no regrets. "
Zhang Boju described himself like this in the preface to calligraphy and painting. Zhang Boju seems destined to be a collector. Collection has two important elements: wealth and talent. Not to mention the former. As for the latter, Zhang Boju, born smart, has an amazing memory. He himself once recalled that he accidentally turned over a book at a friend's house, and after a few days, he could recite the poem, but the friend with the book had no impression.
Someone once described the Zhang Boju he saw, a white face and a tall figure, standing there, calm as water, light as a cloud, gestures, without the slightest smell of fireworks. Zhang Boju's life at that time was described as the last celebrity life circle in modern China. Zhang Boju, who is indifferent to secular life, seems to have been living in his own spiritual world. Sun Yaodong, an old friend of Zhang Boju, recalled that although he had such a huge family business, life in Zhang Boju was extremely simple. "He doesn't smoke, drink, gamble, wear silk and never wear a suit and tie. He wears a gown all the year round and eats casually. Scrambled eggs with green onions are considered a good dish. His requirement for the car is that as long as there are four wheels, it can turn, and there is no style at all. " But Zhang Boju spent a lot of money on his favorite cultural relics. "At that time, many calligraphy and painting merchants liked to deal with him, because he never paid back the price offered by others." Zhang Chuancai said.
Zhou Zeng, a famous red scientist, described his indifferent character vividly: "I went to see Mr. Zhang, and when I got familiar with him, I ignored Mr. Zhang and Mr. Zhang ignored me." I'm going back to school. I didn't leave. I left the door and got rid of vulgar thoughts. No one understands our relationship. "
During the period of 1945, Wang participated in the work of cleaning up the loss of wartime cultural relics and was able to make friends with him. The queen came to recall that he had always wanted to study the reply, but he thought it was too precious. He carefully asked whether he could visit the Zhang family once or twice. "Unexpectedly, when I said it, he said,' Take it home and have a look', which added to my burden." "After returning home, I emptied a small box of camphor wood and put it on the bed. Smooth it with white cotton cloth and put it on the table with Korean paper. Every time you go out, you have to unlock the box when you come back, so that you can be safe and sound. When watching, when the weather is fine, move the table to a place near the south window where the light is good and there is no sun, spread white felt and Korean paper, wash your hands and put on white gloves, and then hold your breath and open the hand roll. " Wang recalled his feelings when he got this "rare treasure". "The reply was put in my house for more than a month before it was respectfully returned to Mr. Boju. I suddenly felt relaxed and relieved. "