once hard work comes,
there are few stars around.
the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating,
the life experience is floating and the rain is beating.
fear is said on the beach, and
there is a sigh in the ocean.
No one has died since ancient times,
Take the heart of Dan to shine on the history.
Today's translation
Recalling that I went through a lot of hardships in my early years when I entered the imperial examination,
Now the war has been over for four weeks.
A country in danger is like catkins in a strong wind,
How can an individual be described as duckweed in a shower?
The fiasco at Fear Beach still scares me.
It's a pity that I'm alone in the ocean below zero.
Since ancient times, no one can live forever.
I want to leave a patriotic heart to reflect the history.
About the author
Wen Tianxiang (1236—1283) was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word is good, and the word is Song Rui, whose name is Wenshan and Luling (now Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province). At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, he tried his best to resist the enemy, was defeated and captured, and never succumbed to the intimidation and inducement of the Yuan people, and finally died calmly. His later poems mainly described the difficult course of fighting against Yuan soldiers, and showed firm national integrity, generosity, tragic and touching.
Note
① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem. ② "Hard" sentence: Tracing back to his early life experience and all kinds of hard work since he became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar. 3 fighting and sparse: sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience. (4) The sentence of "mountains and rivers" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable. ⑤ Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear. ⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lament the current situation and your own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang. ⑦ History: History. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.
Appreciation
This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang after he was captured. One or two sentences the poet reviews his life, but limited by space, in writing, he cites two things: entering an official position and losing a battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to win militarily in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. From between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin, the desolate mood intertwined with self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This makes the previous feelings and grudges add a tragic and passionate strength and confidence, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, which is far beyond the scope of language and writing.
Resources: Baidu knows.