1. Origin of surnames:
The first origin: from the surname Ji, from Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, who is named after his ancestors.
Cang Xie, a historian in the period of the Yellow Emperor, was born in Cang Xie with a compound surname of Hou Gang. He was an inventor and founder of Chinese characters.
According to legend, Cang Xie was born with "two eyes and four eyes".
There are only three people recorded in China history books, namely Yu Shun, Cang Xie and Xiang Yu.
Yu Shun is a sage of humility and filial piety, while Cang Xie is a famous literary sage and Xiang Yu is a martial saint.
Cang Xie was the assistant of the Yellow Emperor in the late primitive society of China.
once collected, sorted out and used the characters circulated among the ancestors, which played an important role in the creation of Chinese characters and made immortal contributions to the reproduction and prosperity of the Chinese nation.
Cang Xie, Shi Huangshi, was born in Wucun, 18 kilometers west of Nanle County, Henan Province. At that time, it was necessary to write down the calendar and write the Oracle. Therefore, Cang Xie should be from Zhuan Xu tribe.
He was "born in Sri Lanka and buried in Sri Lanka", so there is Cang Xie's Mausoleum in Taipei.
This prehistoric legendary figure has never been mentioned in ancient Chinese classics before the Warring States Period.
Cang Xie was first mentioned by Xun Qing in the Warring States Period.
The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu and Han Feizi were followed, which were further developed on the basis of Xunzi's "So many people are good at books, while Cang Xie's solo biography is also one". The main point is that Cang Xie wrote books.
After the Han Dynasty, in Huai Nan Zi and Lun Heng, the word "Cangjie" developed into "Cang Xie Four Eyes" and began to be deified.
In particular, Wei Shu in the Han Dynasty was further exaggerated, saying that Cang Xie "was born with the ability to write, and was also recorded by the river, so the world changed, and he looked up at the trend of Kuixing's music, looked down at fish, birds, feathers, mountains and rivers, and created words."
It became more and more magical in the future, and it developed into the legend that Cang Xie was "the official historian of the Yellow Emperor".
The Yellow Emperor was one of the leaders of tribal alliances in the late primitive society. At that time, there was no state machine, so it can be seen that the theory of "official historian" was obviously the result of later generations applying the official names of future generations' state machines to prehistoric legendary figures.
According to legend, Cang Xie was an official under the Yellow Emperor, who assigned him to be in charge of the number of animals in the pen and the amount of food in the village.
but slowly, the storage of livestock and food is gradually increasing and changing, and I can't remember it by my head alone.
Cang Xie is in trouble.
Cang Xie tried to find a way all day and all night. First, he tied a knot on a rope and used ropes of different colors to represent different animals.
but after a long time, it doesn't work.
It's easy to tie a knot on the rope for this increased number, but it's troublesome to untie a knot on the rope when reducing the number.
Cang Xie thought of circling the rope and hanging all kinds of shells in the circle instead of what he was in charge of.
add a shell if you increase it, and remove a shell if you decrease it.
this method works, and it has been used for several years.
Seeing that Cang Xie was so capable, the Yellow Emperor put him in charge of more and more things, including the number of annual sacrifices, the distribution of hunting and the increase or decrease of tribal population.
Cang Xie is worried again: just adding ropes and hanging shells is no longer enough.
how can we not make mistakes?
On this day, he took part in group hunting. When he came to a fork in the road, several old people argued about which way to go.
An old man insisted on going east, saying that there were antelopes; An old man wants to go north, saying that he can catch up with the deer not far ahead; An old man insisted on going west, saying that there were two tigers, and if they were not killed in time, they would miss the opportunity.
when Cang Xie asked, it turned out that they all recognized it by looking at the footprints of underground beasts.
Cang Xie suddenly felt happy: Since a footprint represents a wild animal, why can't I use a symbol to represent what I am in charge of? He ran home happily and began to create various symbols to represent things.
sure enough, things are well managed.
When the Yellow Emperor knew this, he praised it and ordered Cang Xie to teach this method to various tribes.
gradually, the usage of these symbols is all popularized.
in this way, the text is formed.
The Yellow Emperor gave him the surname Cang, to show the meaning that "a gentleman is superior to one, and a man is inferior to another".
Cang Xie created characters, and the Yellow Emperor valued him very much. Everyone praised him, and his reputation became more and more famous.
Cang Xie's mind became a little feverish, and his eyes slowly moved up to the top of his head, which made everyone look down on him and made his handwriting sloppy.
When this word reached the ears of the Yellow Emperor, the Yellow Emperor was very angry.
there is no room for a courtier to go bad in his eyes.
how can Cang Xie realize his mistake? The Yellow Emperor summoned the oldest old man around him to discuss.
The old man has tied more than 12 knots on his long beard, indicating that he is over 12 years old.
The old man hesitated for a while and went to Cang Xie alone.
Cang Xie is teaching people of all tribes to read, and the old man sits silently at the end, listening as carefully as others.
When Cang Xie finished speaking, everyone else dispersed, except the old man who stayed in his old place.
Cang Xie was a little curious and asked him why he didn't leave.
The old man said, "Cang Xie, your words have become a household name, but I'm old and confused. Will you teach me again?"
Cang Xie is very happy to see such an old man who respects him so much, and urges him to speak quickly.
The old man said, "Did you create the characters" horse ","donkey "and" mule "with four legs? And the cow also has four legs. Why didn't you create the word' cow' with four legs and only one tail? "
when Cang Xie heard this, he was a little panicked: when he originally made the word "fish", he wrote it like an ox, and when he made the word "ox", he wrote it like a fish.
it's all my own fault for being careless, and I even taught it upside down.
The old man went on to say, "The word" heavy "you created means that it is thousands of miles away and you should pronounce the word" out "from a distant place, but you taught people to pronounce the word" heavy "as a weight.
on the other hand, the word "Chu" when the two mountains are combined should be the word "heavy" for weight, but you have taught it to be the word "Chu" when you are away from home.
These words really puzzle me, so I have to ask you. "
At this time, Cang Xie was ashamed and knew that he had made a big mistake because of his pride.
these words have been taught to all tribes and spread all over the world, and they can't be changed.
He quickly knelt down and wept bitterly to express his remorse.
The old man took Cang Xie's hand and said sincerely, "Cang Xie, you have created words so that the experience of our older generation can be recorded and passed down. You have done a great deed and people will remember you from generation to generation.
you can't be arrogant! "
From then on, every time Cang Xie made a word, he always scrutinized the meaning of the word repeatedly, and he was ok to take it to solicit people's opinions. He was not careless at all.
it was decided after everyone agreed, and then it was gradually spread to every tribe.
Cangjie Temple, the only surviving temple in China to commemorate the invention and creation of characters, was approved as a national cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in June 21.
Shiguan Township, located 35 kilometers northeast of Baishui County, is located at the southern foot of Huanglong Mountain, with low terrain in the south and high terrain in the north, belonging to a relatively gentle plateau slope.
Most of the Yili Temple East is Wuzhuang Village. It is said that Cang Xie once lived in this village before his death. More than a mile south of the temple is the village of Shiguan, which is named after Cang Xie's official position. About five miles northwest of the temple is Dipeng Ya Village, which is the seat of Gubaishui County Ya. About 2 kilometers southwest of the temple is Yangwu Village, the birthplace of Cang Xie.
Cangjie Temple has a long history. According to historical records, as early as the Yanxi period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a "move to build a temple" and it formed a certain scale.
Therefore, the history of temples with written records has been more than 1,8 years, and the history without written records can be traced back to the era of the Yellow Emperor according to folklore.
Cangjie Temple Area covers an area of 17 mu and its basic shape is rectangular.
The temple wall is more than 14 meters long from north to south and 48 meters wide from east to west, and the north is slightly wider than the south, covering an area of about 1 mu.
The buildings in Cangjie Temple are zhaobi, Shanmen, East-West Theater, Front Hall, Bell and Drum Tower, Newspaper Hall, Main Hall, Back Hall and East-West Wing in turn from south to north along the central axis, with 7 rooms.
Close to the back hall are Cangjie Tomb and Cemetery.
Most of the existing buildings in the temple date back to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with gorgeous decorations and strong local colors.
There are many steles in Cangjie Temple. Although many of them were lost during the war, there are still 18 preserved steles, which are arranged in the front hall.
Among them, the inscription and tablet of Cangsheng Bird Trace are well preserved up to now.
The stone tablet dates from the Eastern Han Dynasty, from Wei, Wuhu and Sixteen Countries, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China.
in the early days, there were the tablet of Cangjie Temple in the 5th year of Yanxi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was a treasure in epigraphy, the tablet of Guangwu General in the Five Kingdoms Period, the tablet of Canggong in the Tang Dynasty, and the tablet of Canggong in the Song Dynasty.
In modern times, plaques and couplets inscribed by Mr. You Yuren, General Tao Zhiyue and General Zhu Qinglan remain on the halls in the temple.
During the War of Liberation, the Northwest People's Field Army Command trained cadres here.
Peng Dehuai and He Long personally visited the temple and strictly protected it, inscribed with the order "Protect cultural relics and historical sites, and no one shall destroy them at will".
The ancient cypresses in the temple courtyard are towering and lush, and they grow luxuriantly. The "Cangjie Temple Monument" in the fifth year of Yan Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded that "the ancient cypresses in the temple were lush" at that time.
*** There are 46 ancient cypresses and more than 1 ancient pagodas, with branches and leaves covering the traffic, and the branches hovering, each with its own posture, and each has its own name, which is called "Dragon Playing Pearl", "Danfeng Chaoyang", "Kuixing Dianyuan", "Dragon Playing Cypress", "Beast Playing Peony" and "Lion".
Among them, the "Kuixing Dianyuan" is the ancient cypress before Han Dynasty, which is 17 meters high and 7.25 meters around the tree.
There is also a cypress on the mound, whose branches rise and fall in turn, which is called "Twisted cypress" and is praised as a wonder.
in the southwest corner of the temple, there is an ancient cypress, which is hollow and has a long cypress wall, and grows with a tree. It is called "Bai Bao Huai".
the two branches are thick and luxuriant, which can be called a scene in the temple.
The ancient cypresses in the temple yard are old and have strange tree shapes. They are also called the three ancient temple cypresses in China, together with Huangling in Shaanxi and Confucius Temple in Qufu.
Cang Xie's descendants took their ancestors' names as surnames, which were called Cang Xie's and Cangjie's. In the later province, it was simplified to a single surname of Cangshi and Cangjie.
the second origin: it comes from the surname of Ji, and it comes from Cang Shu, a descendant of Zhuan Xu Emperor in ancient times. It belongs to the ancestor's name.
It is recorded in the historical book "A Brief History of the Clans": "After the Eight Kai Cang, there was a prefect of Cang Ying in Jiangxia, looking out at Wuling."
In the past, Levin's Emperor Zhuan Xu had eight talented people, who benefited from the world and were called "Eight Kai".
Levin is another outstanding leader after the Yellow Emperor.
According to traditional records, he is the ancestor of the Chinese people, but there are other ancient books that say that he was born in the east, or that his descendants are in the south, or that his descendants are in the west, or that he is the ancestor of the northern people.
there are sixteen talented people in Gao Xin's family, which is called "eight kai and eight yuan" in the world.
according to the historical book Zuo Zhuan's Eighteen Years of Wengong, it is recorded that "Shun Chen Yao, give eight kai's, make the main land and slap Pepsi, and the land will be smooth and natural." Kong Yingda Shu: "Kai, harmony is also, and its harmony is also in things".
It is recorded in the historical book "Biography of Wei Cuan in the Old Tang Dynasty": "Eight Kai, five ministers, and Liang Zuoye.
If you raise eight kai's, there is no time sequence, and the ground is even. "
Gao Xin's eight talented people are Cang Shu, Zhu Xi, Yun Yi, Da Lin, Jian Jiang, Ting Jian, Zhong Rong and Shu Da, that is, the relationship between hanging, benefiting, Yu and Hao Tao. Ting Jian is the word of Hao Tao, and its qi Sheng Guang Yuan and Ming Yun Du.
There are eight other talented people in Gao Xin's family: Bo Fen, Zhong Kan, Shu Xian, Ji Zhong, Bo Hu, Zhong Xiong, Shu Bao, Li Ji, Zhong Su * * Yi, Xuan Ci Hui He, which is called "Eight Yuan" by people all over the world.
these sixteen clans are beautiful in the world, and they have not lost their names.
Emperor Zhuan Xu raised Eight Kai to be the master of the land, so as to slap Pepsi, without any time sequence, and the land was flat and natural; He also gave eight yuan to teach the five religions in the four directions, and the father, the adoptive mother, the kind brother, the friend, the filial piety, and the internal peace.
this is called eight yuan and eight kai, which are gathered in the court of China.
even the subordinate people are all obedient.
Cang Shu, the leader of "Eight Kai", is calm, generous and extremely intelligent. He once commanded the Zhuan Xu tribal alliance to completely defeat the workers on the banks of the Yi River and invented chess.
Cang Shu's descendants, some of whom take their ancestors' names as surnames, are called Cang Shu's, but in later provinces, they are simplified to single surnames such as Cang's, Cang's and Shu's.
the third origin: it originated from the surname Ji, descended from the warehouse officials of the Zhou Dynasty, and belonged to the official title.
during the Zhou dynasty, there were granaries and officials, who were owned by the royal family of Ji, and were under the jurisdiction of local officials, who were in charge of grain entering Tibet, and their duties were as important as those of people.
It is recorded in the ancient book "Zhou Li Di Guan": "Cang Ren, Zhang Su went into Tibet." In fact, the nine valleys are all hidden, mainly millet.
among the descendants of Cang people, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, which are called Cang family.
the fourth origin: it originated from the official position, came from the official treasury manager in the Han dynasty, and belonged to the official title.
During the reign of Emperor Liu Heng (22-157 BC), there was a granary department, headed by Cang Cao, who was in charge of the national grain depot. The official position was six grades, with a rank of 4 stone, and he was also in charge of warehousing, leasing, goods, markets and other matters, and was subordinate to the Six Shangshi Department (Shangshu, Shangguan, Shangshi, Shangshi, Shangshu, Shangxi and Shangxi were established in the early Han Dynasty).
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a close minister, and his status gradually increased.
Emperor Hancheng appointed five ministers, and was promoted to the rank of 6 stone. He was divided into three Cao, a regular Cao, two stone Cao, a household Cao and a guest Cao.
since emperor Wen of the Han dynasty, there has also been a history of Cang Cao in every county and state, which is in charge of the official warehouses in each county.
Among the descendants of Cang Cao who joined the army and Cang Cao Shi, there are those who take the official titles of their ancestors as surnames, which are called Cang Shi and Ku Shi respectively.
the fifth origin: it originated from the official position, came from the official warehouse manager Cang Du in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and belonged to the official title.
since the sui dynasty, the imperial court has set up a warehouse supervisor in each county, and the county-level warehouse supervisor is called "warehouse supervisor" and the county-level warehouse supervisor is called "treasurer", who is in charge of the county-level warehouses of the national treasury.
its power and responsibility can be directly responsible to the central dynasty beyond the orders of counties and counties, so its power is quite heavy.
in the Tang dynasty, the official system of the sui dynasty was followed, but it was renamed "assistant minister of cangbu".
among the descendants of governor Cang, treasurer Cang and assistant minister Cang, there are those who take the official titles of their ancestors as their surnames, which are called Cang's and Du's.
the sixth origin: it originated from the official position, came from the official warehouse manager Cang Shi in the Jin Dynasty, and belonged to the official title.
during the Jin dynasty, the central government, imitating the political system of the Song Dynasty, set up positions of warehouse envoys in each state and county, making the rank of official rank equal to eight, and the rank of deputy official rank equal to nine, which was responsible for storing grain, receiving rent and paying salaries, and so on. Its subordinate officials included saving Dian and Cang Zi.