Briefly explain the theory of "all-round motivation" (school management psychology)

—— Research on Students' Evaluation in the Implementation of the New Curriculum Jia Yutao, Principal of Xinhua Road Primary School in Xuanhua District; Huo Qing's educational thought in Xuanhua Teachers' Training School is a pilot project to comprehensively promote educational progress, which is contained in the curriculum concept and school education and teaching practice. It embodies the inheritance of historical advanced culture and the achievements of modern scientific research. This paper takes "no class with prizes" as the proposition, aiming to show the author's educational thought and teaching practice based on advanced ideas, which is an important part of the author's "prize-winning education" practice system. Ask questions first. In the past, only a small number of our first-class awards and awards were rewarded, and the rest were suppressed because of limited places and conditions. In essence, this is against the principle of educational equity. In the 1990s, the author tried to break through the problem of this ratio when he was engaged in the practice of happy education, but at that time, he was engaged in large-scale prize-winning activities, with a maximum of 80%. How will the remaining 20% students face it? Are they so-called "poor students"? /kloc-Can 0/00% of the students be rewarded? /kloc-what is the support for 0/00% students to receive awards? In this way, can we eliminate the concept of "poor students" that we used to use in the past? In the practical exploration of this problem, the author boldly quoted Confucius' thought of "teaching without class" to the level of student evaluation and tried the practice of "rewarding without class", and the development of student groups and individuals took on a new look. Second, the theoretical basis 1, the enlightenment of multiple intelligences According to the traditional intelligence theory, intelligence is a kind of ability with language ability and mathematical logic ability as the core and existing in an integrated way. For a long time, psychologists have put forward many different views on intelligence and its nature and structure from different angles. On the basis of continuous research and practice, Howard gardner, a professor at Harvard University in the United States and a famous psychologist and educator in the contemporary world, published his masterpiece "The Structure of Mind" in 1983, and put forward his theory of multiple intelligences, which had a wide and far-reaching influence in the educational and psychological circles and was widely accepted by people. Gardner believes that, on the one hand, intelligence is not a kind of ability but a group of abilities; On the other hand, intelligence does not exist in an integrated way, but in an independent way. The theory of multiple intelligences holds that everyone has "extraordinary intelligence". Some people have comprehensive intelligence, while others are single. The theory of multiple intelligences is the best interpretation of quality education, and it is also an important theoretical basis for the author's educational evaluation practice of "nothing with prizes". 2. Inspiration of Incentive Theory There are two important basic theories in school management psychology, one is incentive theory, and the other is contusion theory. Here, the author only involves the "all-staff motivation" in the "all-round motivation theory". The so-called all-staff motivation means mobilizing all teachers and students to participate in motivation, forming a unified pattern of other incentives, self-motivation and mutual motivation, replacing the previous situation of one-way behavior and one-person motivation of managers. The proposal of "no prize ownership" is in tune with the incentive theory, which avoids the contusion theory. Third, the practice 1, operating point The author's practice of "no prizes" so far is only carried out at the student level. In the process of students receiving school education, classroom teaching is the main channel. In the classroom, students should systematically accept the knowledge of various subjects, and in this process, all kinds of learning ability and psychological quality can be strengthened. Here, we first fix our thinking on a class or a specific activity of a certain subject. For the time being, this lesson is divided into four stages: teaching, practice, feedback and evaluation. Here we temporarily hide the first three stages and focus on the "evaluation" link. The author tries to give students a fair, equal and comprehensive evaluation in this link, give awards to all employees, and actively try the educational concept of "no prizes". The author's school will hold two major commendation and award-winning activities in the name of the school every academic year. One is Children's Day, and the other is New Year's Day. Children need to sum up, assess, praise and reward in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and psychological aspects every semester, which can be regarded as a phased evaluation of students, so as to adjust their psychology, push their children to a new platform and choose new goals for their future study and life. The whole process of these two awards and awards is called operation first. 2. There are no categories of prizes. Through historical inheritance and modern scientific research, since 100% students can enter the school for education, they should 100% participate in the whole process of school education. Theoretically, they 100% should be praised and rewarded, not criticized and frustrated. This is the right of students, and it is also the responsibility and obligation given to school education by the development of education today. The school where the author works cancelled the selection of "three good" and "standardized students". Divide students' grades into several items, and the class will set certain standards, and then students can freely identify their own excellent items and how many items are evaluated as excellent. Among them, there are more than a dozen core projects. If all the core projects are excellent, then the student is an "excellent student". Then the school and the class will award prizes in a unified way. All the prizes will be a certificate, and Zhisheng will receive other material rewards. 100% of the students get the certificate, which is enough to cover all the contents of the prize. However, due to the different gold contents of the awards, all gifted students and gifted students have been fully displayed, and the "harmony" between the elite and the public and the "confluence" between the public and the elite have basically been realized. 3. The following is a written explanation of the school's commendation on June 1st, 2004, from which we can analyze in detail the basic content of "no prize". Reference 1 xuanhua Huimin primary school's "June 1st Award" selected 2 outstanding students in all subjects, 3 outstanding students in writing, 4 outstanding students in exercises, 5 small speakers, 6 doctors in reading, 7 students who abide by the rules and discipline, 8 students who care about the collective, and 9 students who help and love each other. 10,1kloc 65438+ filial piety to parents and students 17, love for working students 18, sports reaching the standard 19, sports lovers 20, advanced individuals in the "bring home the dharma" activity 2 1, winners of calligraphy art competition 22, little hands 23, environmental guards 24, and Mr. Know-it-all. 2. Students fill in the form and fill in enough items, which will be reviewed by the group and passed by the class. 3. The students in the first 12 items are all "top students". 4. The top 50% students will be rewarded by the school according to the determined number of projects. The remaining 50% students were rewarded for attending classes. 5. There are as many outstanding students as there are. Iv. The process and its characteristics 1. The proposal and operation of the all-round award means that all students are faced with no "poor students" and there is no one-vote veto. The bottom line is very high, and everyone can receive the prize. A student will not be mercilessly brushed off because of his "unruly" performance during the award-winning period, nor will he improve the award because of which student is close to the teacher and has a good relationship with his classmates. The bottom line of all staff is fair, and individuals on the line strive for it, which ensures that all students can have a healthy and good attitude. 2. comprehensiveness Because it is a single award, the breakdown is detailed, and there are different categories of awards, each student is neither unattainable nor has the goal of continuing to work hard when looking for the corresponding single award. For example, for the award of reading, the unified concept of the school is "young readers", and then young readers are divided into (1) doctoral students and (2) reading enthusiasts. Of course, the former is more demanding than the latter, and the former has certain quantity and quality restrictions according to different grades. The latter only requires that you want to read and love reading. Even if someone doesn't like reading and wants to quietly report this award to himself, he will have many ideas. After many positive reinforcement, he will fall in love with reading. Another example is sports. The school is divided into four steps (1)NBA players (school basketball players), (2) excellent athletes of sports teams, (3) qualified students and (4) sports enthusiasts. Sit down according to individual's different situation. However, the determination of straight A students in each class should be selected from those who occupy more places in the first one or two awards in each category. 3. Carrying out the educational thought of "pursuing consciousness in all aspects and no class is suitable for everyone" in the process of students' evaluation and reward has aroused strong repercussions in children's minds and behaviors. Just like the baton of the exam, it leads the development and changes of students. As far as individual sports awards are concerned, some students can't get higher rewards, but they can also maintain the "dignity" of sports fans, which is also very pleasant, while some students have a special liking for this "NBA pre-selected player". Although they are not members of the school basketball team, although they didn't win the prize this time, they grit their teeth and practice basketball every day. They invite a physical education teacher to join the school basketball team every day, and they must enter the level of "NBA pre-selection" and have a strong sense of pursuit. Once other awards are graded, many students will not be outdone and strive for it. The children's spirits were stimulated and their motivation doubled. The educational means of winning prizes for the whole people has played a strong role in promoting it. V. Effect and its evaluation 1. Self-evaluation The author realizes through practice that the concept of prize-winning education has achieved positive strengthening effect and basically eliminated the concept of "poor students". Excellent students pursue comprehensiveness, while poor students also have goals, and all students are developed, which conforms to the training mode under the new educational concept of 2 1 century. Therefore, in the field of education that schools can control, it is very important to openly increase the factors of encouragement and praise for the cultivation of healthy personality of primary school students, and it is immeasurable for cultivating children's optimism throughout their lives. At the same time, each of our teachers not only pays attention to students' academic performance, but also pays attention to their all-round development. They are willing to hold positive and eager expectations for every student, and are willing to evaluate, observe and accept students from various angles, rediscover and discover the bright spots in students and expand their potential. 2. Social Evaluation Because the school where the author works has well implemented the educational idea of "no prize for all", teachers have established a positive and optimistic view of students and a teaching view of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and formed a flexible and diverse view of evaluation in teaching practice. Children have fully felt the affection and love on campus, as well as the support of education. Their mental outlook has been greatly improved and their healthy personality has been cultivated. In 2003, the education system launched the "Three Satisfaction" selection campaign. After many evaluations by the masses, evaluators and government officials, the school where the author works was rated as "advanced unit of professional ethics evaluation" and "school with the most satisfactory masses" at the municipal level. 3. The student evaluation in the new scientific evaluation course emphasizes that the role of evaluation is to promote students' development, their potential, personality and creativity, so that every student has the ability of self-confidence and sustainable development. When we look at students' evaluation of the new curriculum from the perspective of "having prizes without classes", we find that the evaluation concept of "having prizes without classes" is consistent with the direction of students' evaluation reform in the new curriculum, which provides strong practical support for "paying attention to the differences and imbalances of students' individual development and establishing an evaluation system to promote their all-round development".