At the age of 22, Xu Xiake began to travel away from home. He has been to Taihu Lake, Dongting Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, Yandang Mountain, Taishan Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain and Wutai Mountain and Hengshan Mountain in the north.
Every time he travels home, he will talk to his relatives and friends about the strange customs and thrilling scenes in various places. Others were too scared to speak, but his mother listened with relish.
Later, when his old mother died, Xu Xiake devoted all his energy to the tourism investigation. At the age of fifty, he started a long journey.
He spent four years traveling in Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Up to Tengchong, the border of our country. He traveled across mountains and rivers, went to many inaccessible places, climbed cliffs and visited strange caves in Qifeng.
He is in Chaling, Hunan. He heard that there is a hemp leaf cave in the local area. There are dragons or goblins in the cave. No one who is not a magician dares to go into the cave. Xu Xiake doesn't believe in fairies. He paid a high price to hire a local as a guide to visit the cave.
When he was about to enter the cave, the guide asked him who he was. When he knew that Xu Xiake was an ordinary scholar, the guide backed away in fear and said, "I thought you were a mage, so I dared to go into the cave with you." It turns out that you are a scholar, so I won't take the risk. "
Xu Xiake didn't give up, and carried the torch into the hole with his servant. When people in the village heard that someone had entered the cave, they all flocked to the cave to watch the fun. Xu Xiake has visited the cave for a long time.
I didn't come out until the torch was almost burnt out. People around the cave were very surprised to see them safely out of the hole. They said, "We waited for a long time and thought you must have been eaten by a demon."
Once, two officials came here and wanted to make friends with him. After hearing this, Xiake's father slipped away from the back door, quietly crossed the bamboo forest and took a boat trip to Taihu Lake. As the saying goes, example is better than words.
Xu Xiake has been in contact since he was a child, and he is also disgusted with the boring eight-part essay. He only secretly takes his father's library to a private school to read books every day. Those geographical travel notes, anecdotes about celebrities, and anecdotes about local customs all attracted him so much.
Sometimes, I forget that I'm in class when I'm reading, and I can't help laughing. Therefore, I am often reprimanded by my husband and report his "bad behavior" to his father, so that he can strictly control it. Who knows, my father knew, but he was overjoyed.
Introduce some books to my son personally. In the long run, Xu Xiake's "studies" were naturally neglected, and he failed to get into Sun Shan. Gal, those who often praise Xiao Xia guests are extremely smart. Looking forward to his relatives and friends in to beno. 1, I can't help sighing and regretting.
Shack's father smiled and said, "Everyone has his own wishes. How can we be forced? " With the support of his father, the chivalrous man even threw fame and fortune outside the cloud nine, thinking only of "crossing Kyushu and reaching Wuyue".
When Xu Xiake was 28 years old, he went to explore Yandang Mountain in Wenzhou. According to ancient books, there is a big lake at the top of Yandang Mountain. Xu Xiake wanted to see the lake and decided to climb to the top of the mountain. When he climbed to the top of the mountain with difficulty, he saw that the ridge was straight and it was difficult to stand on, and there was no lake at all.
But Xu Xiake walked on, met a cliff and the rope was broken. Xu Xiake almost died. Fortunately, he cleverly grabbed a prominent rock, and Xu Xiake did not connect the broken belt, climbed up again, and finally climbed to the top of the cliff.
In Huangshan, Xu Xiake met with heavy snow on the road. The locals told him that in some places, the snow was waist-deep and he couldn't find his way at all, but Xu Xiake started climbing with an iron bar. Halfway up the hill, the mountain became steeper and steeper.
Thick ice has formed in the shady places. When you step on it, you will slide down. In order to climb, Xu Xiake used iron bars to dig holes in the ice. Climb slowly with your feet on the pit and climb up.
Xu Xiake's deeds 150 words
1. Xu Xiake, a geographer and writer in Ming Dynasty
2. In the 14th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli, Xu Xiake was born in a famous rich family in Jiangyin, South Zhili, and his ancestors were all scholars. His father, Xu Youmian, was unwilling to be an official and associate with power all his life. He liked to visit everywhere and enjoy the mountains and rivers. Influenced by the aristocratic culture of farming and reading, Xu Xiake was studious when he was young, and read a lot of books, especially geography. When he was a teenager, he was ambitious to travel. In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli, when Xu Xiake was fifteen years old, there should have been a boy exam, but he failed. Seeing that his son had no intention of becoming famous and was no longer reluctant, the father encouraged him to read widely and become a learned man. Xu Xiake studies very hard, so whoever reads can remember what others ask. However, the library at home can't meet his needs gradually. He collects books he hasn't seen everywhere. As long as he sees a good book, he will take off his clothes and change even if he has no money.
Xu Xiake's Deeds and Achievements
In particular, Xu Xiake made a profound study and record on limestone landforms, including the distribution of karst caves, and made a detailed textual research on the causes of stalactites, stalagmites, karst ditches, stone buds and Liang Shi. He is the first person in the world. At the same time, the source of the Yangtze River was investigated, and the wrong judgment of "Minshan River Diversion" in ancient literature was corrected.
Xu Xiake likes to make friends, such as Mu Zeng, a Naxi toast in Yunnan, and Tang Tai, a poet. [7] Huang Daozhou, Wen, Qian, Xiang Yu and Chen often sang with Xu Xiake. In the first year of Chongzhen, Xu Xiake visited Luofu in Fujian, that is, Huang Daozhou and Zheng. Chen wrote an epitaph for Xu Xiake.
Extended data:
Xu Xiake, born in Jiangyin County, Zhili, was a famous geographer, traveler and writer in Ming Dynasty.
Xu Xiake traveled all over the country, trudged in many wilderness areas that he had never been to before, and often slept in the wilderness. Footprints have traveled all over Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other 16 provinces. Wherever they go, they explore seclusion, seek secrets, and leave travel notes to record observed phenomena, humanities, geography, animals and plants.
A comprehensive support ship of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy was named after Xu Xiake.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xu Xiake
Xu xiake's persistent story
Count the number of successful people at home and abroad. Many of their successes are based on persistence, and it is because of persistence that they have achieved them. Xi, I carefully collected and sorted out 50 stories about people who persisted in success. Let's have a look.
50 Words Insist on the Success Story 1: Hua Tuo's Apprentice
Hua Tuo, a Chinese character, was a famous physician in ancient China during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Leprosy powder invented by Hua Tuo is a very effective general anesthetic, which is about 1600 years earlier than western anesthetics. Hua Tuo has made great contributions to world medicine. Don't think that Hua Tuo was born as an imperial doctor. When he was a child, he studied medicine and went through a lot of hardships.
50-word story of persistent success 2: Xu Xiake's ambition in the world
One day, a strange thing happened by the river. Many people are salvaging the fallen stone lion, but they can't find it. At this time, a child named Xu Xiake said that as long as you go up the river, you can find the stone lion. Sure enough, the stone lion was found, and everyone praised the child for his cleverness. It turned out that he was Xu Xiake who became a great geographer and traveler when he grew up.
Perseverance and success story 50 words 3: "Shen Kuo went up the mountain to see peach blossoms"
"In April, the flowers in the world are exhausted, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are open." When reading this poem, Shen Kuo's eyebrows condensed into a knot. "Why are the flowers here defeated and the peach blossoms on the mountain open?" In order to solve this mystery, Shen Kuo and some friends made a field trip in the mountains. On the mountain in April, it was warm and cold at first sight, and the cool wind came, making people tremble with cold, and Shen Kuo was in full bloom. It turns out that the temperature on the mountain is much lower than that under the mountain, so the flower season comes later than that under the mountain. With this spirit of searching and empirical method, Shen Kuo wrote Meng Qian's Pen Talk when he grew up.
Perseverance and success story 50 words 4: "Li Guizhen learns to draw tigers"
Li Guizhen, a famous tiger painter in the Five Dynasties, liked painting since he was a child, especially tigers. However, because he has never seen a real tiger, he always paints it as a sick cat. So he decided to go deep into the forest to see the real tiger. With the help of Uncle Orion, he finally saw the real tiger. Through a lot of sketching and copying, his tiger painting skills have advanced by leaps and bounds, and the tigers in his works are vivid and confusing. Since then, he has traveled many famous mountains and rivers for most of his life, met many birds and animals, and finally became a generation of painting masters.
Persevering success story 50 sentences 5: "Yue Fei studied art"
Yue Fei, a national hero, was born in troubled times and was born in a poor family since childhood. With the support of his neighbors, he learned martial arts from Zhou Tong, a famous Shaanxi teacher. During this period, he witnessed the broken mountains and rivers, displaced people, sprouted the ambition of learning to serve the country and overcame complacency. Under the careful instruction of the famous teacher Zhou Tong, he eventually became a Yue family thief, and led Wang Gui, Tang Xian and other partners to join the patriotic torrent of resisting gold and saving the country.
Persevering success story 50 words 6: "Sima Guang Police Pillow Inspirational"
Sima Guang is a child who loves to play and sleep, so he has been punished by his husband and laughed at by his peers. Under his inculcation, he is determined to get rid of the bad habit of sleeping. In order to get up early, he drank a full stomach of water before going to bed, but he didn't wake up in the morning, but peed in bed. So smart Sima Guang made a police pillow out of logs. As soon as I turn over in the morning, my head slides on the bed board.
Perseverance and success story 50 words 7: "Wang studied calligraphy hard"
Wang Caisi is quick, but his calligraphy is not satisfactory. So, he made up his mind to practice calligraphy well. Finally, under the guidance of Uncle Yin Bao, he finally realized the true meaning of calligraphy and became a great calligrapher and writer.
50-word Story of Persistence and Success 8: Studying hard in Qu Yuan's cave
This story tells that when Qu Yuan was a child, he hid in a cave and secretly read the Book of Songs, regardless of the opposition of his elders, whether it was windy or rainy or freezing. For three years, he familiarized himself with 305 Poems of the Book of Songs, and gained rich nutrition from these folk songs, eventually becoming a great poet.
Perseverance and success story 50 words 9: "Kuang Heng poached the wall and stole the light"
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a particularly learned man named Kuang Heng. When Kuang Heng was a child, his family was poor. In order to study, he chiseled through the wall of his neighbor's illiterate home and stole a candle to read, which finally touched his neighbor's illiteracy. With everyone's help, Kuang Heng Jr. learned something. During the Han and Yuan Dynasties, he served as a doctor, and was recommended by Shi Gao, a general of Fu and Che Qi, and moved to be a doctor.
50-word persistence success story 10: "Wang Xianzhi learns Chinese characters from a jar"
Zi, Zi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He himself was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When Wang Xianzhi was three or four years old, his mother taught him to recite poems. By the time he was five or six years old, he could read several poems fluently. Compared with his brother Wang Ningzhi, he is more alert and clever, and he especially likes learning Chinese characters. Wang Xianzhi's family has a big water tank, and the story of this movie can't be separated from this big water tank!
The Story of Xu Xiake and Mu Zeng
In ancient China, both Wang Dayuan and Xu Xiake were famous as civilians. Wang Dayuan's travel focuses on overseas, while Xu Xiake's travel focuses on domestic, which is a unique supplement.
Compared with all travelers at home and abroad, Xu Xiake's most unique significance is that he is the purest and most professional traveler. Father Xu Youmian often takes his family on "family tours" between Suzhou and Hangzhou.
As a teenager, Xu Xiake, like other literati in the world, took part in the imperial examination, hoping to take the road of studying as an official. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he took part in the "boy test" for the first time, but failed. From then on, he bid farewell to the imperial examination completely and prepared to ask famous mountains and rivers to respond to his inner call. What is rare is that Xu Xiake's parents are very open-minded, and they let their children do what they like. Xu Xiake's parents are far-sighted. They not only understand the child's talent, but also believe that he can break a path.
With the support of his parents, Xu Xiake devoted himself to his ambition from the age of 15. According to historical records, Xu Xiake began to read ancient and modern historical books, geographical local chronicles, mountain and sea maps, travel notes and other books, and went all out to prepare for the trip. On a sunny day, Xu Xiake set out from his hometown of Jiangyin to travel to Ninghai, Zhejiang. At this point, the prelude to his vigorous travel in life was officially opened.
Jiangyin is located in the south bank of the Yangtze River Delta estuary. It is the control center and internal and external window of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Rivers and canals crisscross the territory, surrounded by rivers and lakes. This land is very fertile, it is a fertile land. It should be said that the unique geographical environment of Jiangyin County provides certain objective conditions for young Xu Xiake to make a wish to win the famous mountains and rivers. In his later years, Xu Xiake said in Tracing the Source of Jiyuan River: "Jiyuan River is a two-way flow from north to south, with its special reach into the sea. And Yu Yi is like a river rushing like the sea. The city is named after the river, which is also based on the direction of the river. So far, it is big and complete. Those who grow up in the land, looking at the ocean and hitting it, know its distance; Tracing back to the source, I also thought it originated from Lushan Mountain. " After that, the magnificent journey continued. Xu Xiake traveled to 2 1 province and 100 cities, explored more than 500 caves and visited more than 1000 bridges.
In China, people like to talk about their fame and wealth. We explore Xu Xiake's life experience and find that his ancestor, that is, his great-grandfather Xu Jing, was once rich in Jiangyin. By his great-grandfather Xu's generation, his family business was quite rich, and he once owned 12000 mu of land. Grandfather Xu Yanfang's family is declining, but he still owns more land. Xu Xiake's father, Xu Youmian, is basically an ordinary family, but one thing is unusual, that is, the family instructions and books inherited from his ancestors have become the spiritual mine for Xu Xiake's growth. Xu Youmian often takes his family to and from Suzhou and Hangzhou for "family tours", so the influence of such family style on Xu Xiake is inevitable.
Xu Xiake's mother, Wang Ruren, is a woman with extraordinary knowledge and broad mind. She is the protagonist behind Xu Xiake's Wandering Sage. Xu Mu was born in a scholarly family in Dongchang Village, Jinfeng Town, Jiangyin. She is a well-educated family, smart and diligent since childhood. 19 years old, married into the Xu family and gave birth to Xu Xiake.
As a teenager, Xu Xiake was a "naughty troublemaker". He didn't read the imperial examinations well. He is immersed in "unpopular" books such as ancient and modern history books and mountain and sea maps all day. He also climbed mountains and peaks, and he always dived privately. He likes flying in the sky like an eagle and swimming in the water like a fish. He tried his best and did it decently. Xu's mother took advantage of the situation and encouraged her son to mind the world and do what he likes. Encouraged by his mother's care, Xu Xiake began to travel around his hometown while eagerly reading books such as history, geography and travel notes.
Just as Xu Xiake was preparing for his life, his father Xu Youmian died unfortunately. This year, Xu Xiake 18 years old. When Xu Xiake was in conflict, his mother encouraged him to be a good person, regardless of himself. In order to encourage his son to travel far away, Xu Mu specially made a hat for him, which was called "Travel Crown" in history. Since then, Xu Xiake has set off again and again under the encouragement and persuasion of his mother. "Director, return as scheduled." This is his agreement with his mother and his filial piety.
Once, when Xu Xiake visited Wudang Mountain, "it suddenly occurred to him that the sky was clear and the scenery was so bleak." I walked from the grass shop and arrived home on the 24th, the day after washing the Buddha. Ether and plum are old mothers. "At that time, plum tree was not only a rare tree species, but also regarded as a' sacred tree' of Wudang Mountain, and its fruit was also listed as a' forbidden fruit' by temples. Once a Taoist priest secretly took out three or four pieces and was severely punished after being discovered. In order to express his filial piety to his mother, Xu Xiake took the initiative to ask the master for it. In his travel notes, he said: "The shape is kumquat, the juice is honey, the appearance is gold, the quality is jade, and the product is extraordinary." This time, he got eight plums, and all of them were brought back to his mother as birthday gifts except one he tasted.
Xu's mother is not only successful in educating children, but also good at managing the family. After Xu Youmian died of illness, Xu's mother used her expertise in textiles to lead villagers to engage in the textile industry. The cloth woven by her own hands is dense and fine, flat and smooth, and all buyers can clearly recognize "Xujiabu" and become a hot commodity in the local market.
Xu Mu is also a visionary woman. In order to preserve the paintings, poems and works of the sages, she and her son discussed the establishment of Qingshan Hall, and carved 94 poems and songs of Mo Bao on a stone, which became an important cultural heritage.
This kind of love of mother Xu is great love. Gao Panlong, secretary of Lindong Provincial Party Committee, praised her as a "good wife in the East China Sea". As a son, Xu Xiake's filial piety is filial piety. When his parents were alive, he was filial to his parents, traveled well, went regularly, returned as scheduled, and didn't let his parents worry. When his parents went, he packed his things and stayed in mourning for three years. Today, a poor traveler is no more comfortable than a backpacker. Some scholars estimate that Xu Xiake's last trip to Yunnan for three years was equivalent to RMB 6,543.8+0.6 million to RMB 200,000, which is not a small sum today. So what is the source of Xu Xiake's long-term business trip? How did he "eat, live, travel, buy and entertain" during his trip?
The answer is as follows: family support. The "Xujiabu" woven by Xu's mother has good benefits and should be the main source of Xu Xiake's early travel expenses. After Xu's mother died, Xu Xiake also mortgaged by selling land. Friends help. For example, in Yunnan, I got the help of Tusi Muzeng. Another official friend gave him a horse brand. Horse brand is an official document owned by ancient officials. With the horse brand, Xu Xiake can rest for free at any post station in the country, and he can also requisition civilian workers as his sedan chair, which is very useful. ? The help of monks and Taoists. Xu Xiake needs a monk as a guide, a temple and fast food. Overcome difficulties by yourself. "If you lie between trees and stones, if you are hungry, you will eat grass." .
Generally speaking, Xu Xiake is a "poor tourist" and is not much more comfortable than today's "backpackers".
Xu Xiake's unique mental journey not only depicts wonderful landscapes, but also shows us noble and interesting souls. His trip was pleasant and full of infinite surprises: "I stopped at the Xianfu Bridge and watched the rainbow lying in Liang Shi and the waterfall spraying snow, but I didn't want to lie down." The scenery he saw was thrilling: "The two walls are stone-colored, sparkling and dripping, and the pillars are upside down, if carved, flying"; What's more, "the Longqiu Waterfall falls into the pool, the rock potential is sharp, the water is nowhere to be found, and it floats in the air, which makes people dizzy."
"When the clouds are scattered, the sun is shining and the sky is boundless, Shan Lan overlaps with the competition performance. Anger flows to send boats, and peaches and plums on both sides of the strait are all over the world, wanting to dance thousands of miles. When they got off the boat, they didn't feel like immortals! " Even our great writer Mr. Lu Xun, after reading this travel note, could not help but write down the daydream of "flying alone". How he wants to become a crane and travel with Xu Xiake in this strange world!
When you visit Yandang Mountain, you will sometimes "walk on the back of a knife", and the situation you have passed is unbearable. Xu Xiake hesitated again and again on the cliff, afraid to return by the original road. He can only let the servants take off the foot-binding cloth to make a rope, and then hang it from the cliff in turn. On the stone steps, only feet can be accommodated, and there is no extra space. Looking at the bottom of the hanging wall, it is a hundred feet deep. Later, they tried their best to jump in the air with cloth ropes, and then climbed to the next rock to escape.
In addition to natural disasters, there are also man-made disasters: for example, Hengyang was robbed and Jingzhou was robbed. When he went to Yunnan, he absconded with his traveling companion Gu Fu for many years and robbed him of the "black incense, white bell and twelve taels of gold" given by Lijiang toast. He walked out of the cave and told everyone that there were no ghosts in the cave, but there were strange and spectacular scenery. During the expedition in Wan Li, Yunnan, Xu Xiake had a companion who listened to the monk's words. He copied a Buddhist scripture with his finger blood, and he will go to go to dali with Xu Xiake to dedicate this Buddhist scripture to Jizushan Dojo. Unfortunately, he was robbed in Xiangjiang River and fled for his life. He died in Guangxi a few days later.
"This is a must." This is the last words left by the "donkey friend" who met Xu Xiake by chance. An old man trudges through a lonely journey in Wan Li. Will he finish his last words for a dead person? The answer is yes! A year later, in winter, Xu Xiake came to Jizu Mountain with Wen Jing's remains and scriptures on his back. When he arrived, all the monks in Jizushan Ancient Temple were moved. This is the fulfillment of Xu Xiake's promise and comfort to the deceased. Although we met by chance and the party concerned has passed away, I will not go far to Wan Li to fulfill his last wish!
Once, Xu Xiake was ready to enter Maye, Hunan. The local villagers guarded the hole with sickles and sticks, while others put down their work and surrounded the hole. They are worried about whether Xu Xiake can come out alive, because it is said that there are dragons, monsters and pythons in the cave, which will eat people. With a smile on his face, Xu Xiake calmly took the handle of the fire and entered the hole. In the cave, he personally experienced the natural wonders in the cave. After completing the expedition, he walked out of the cave and told the 100 people guarding the cave that there were no ghosts in the cave, but there were strange and spectacular scenery. Everyone admired Xu Xiake for his refreshing and energetic speech.
Xu Xiake not only challenges everything, but also never believes in authority. He hates following the example of the board of directors and spreading false information. He said, "The scenery of mountains and rivers is mostly covered by pictures, classics and records." When he reached Tiandufeng, Xu Xiake felt that "all peaks fall, only the lotus peak can resist the ear", and then climbed to the lotus peak, he really found that "the natural sky blue on the lotus peak means that the sky also bows" and "the peak is in the middle of Huangshan Mountain, which is the only one among the peaks", thus drawing the conclusion that the lotus peak is the highest peak in Huangshan Mountain. Today's surveying and mapping experts are amazed at this discovery. According to modern technology, the elevations of Lotus Peak and Tiandu Peak are 1864 m and 18 10 m respectively. The height difference between the two peaks is 54 m, and the distance between the two peaks is 1 100 m, which is difficult for ordinary people to find visually.
When 53-year-old Xu Xiake was preparing to continue westward into Myanmar, he was kindly stopped by Tusi Mu. Mu once said that in May, the jungle was full of miasma and savages, and they would worry about their lives at any time. At this time, due to running around all the year round, Xu Xiake's physical condition is already very bad. The most important thing is that his feet are worn out. In his own words, his feet are useless and exhausted. After careful consideration, Xu Xiake finally gave up the idea of marching into Myanmar. This is the first time that Xu Xiake has given up voluntarily in more than 30 years of travel. Yunnan has also become the end of Xu Xiake's life journey.
This year is 1640, and Xu Xiake can't walk any more, and his condition is getting worse and worse. Seeing this, Mu Zengguo sent eight lean Naxi men to carry Xu Xiake back to his hometown in Jiangyin thousands of miles away with bamboo chairs. Following Mu Zeng's instructions, these Naxi men climbed mountains and mountains, covered with cloaks and dripping with rain, and carried Xu Xiake back to their hometown safely, which lasted for half a year. A few months later, Xu Xiake died of illness.
It is said that before he died, Xu Xiake told his son that his head should face Yunnan after death to express his gratitude to Mu Zeng. During his stay in Lijiang, Xu Xiake admired this wooden toast who was keen on the culture of the Central Plains, so he "lit lanterns at night and stayed in bed at night", finished the editing of Mu Zeng's manuscript "Clouds _ Pale Ink" and made a preface to Mu Zeng's collection "Interesting Stories about Mountain Living". At the same time, he also instructed Su Mu, the son of Mu Zeng, to learn to write. Mu Zeng also showed great respect for Xu Xiake.
Today, when countless tourists stop in front of Lijiang Shogunate Museum to admire the statues of Mu Zeng and Xu Xiake, they will still be moved by that lofty friendship. Don't hate him, he is a real traveler.
At the last moment of his life, Xu Xiake objectively evaluated his life. He said: "Zhang Qian is hollowed out and Kunlun is not seen; Tang Xuanzang Yuan Lu Ye won the master's life and won the The Journey to the West. I am old in cloth and clothes, lonely and lonely, poor in rivers and sand, going to Kunlun and connecting with the western regions, and I have a unique title. I don't hate four or three people. " It's enough to die without regret!
As a professional traveler, Xu Xiake first made a pioneering contribution to the tourism industry, because his excellent travel also made him a physical geographer. "He is the originator of mountain geography research in China. Because of Xu Xiake's outstanding contribution, we should regard him as one of the most outstanding geographers in the history of China. Xu Xiake's Travels is a worldwide scientific document. " As a scientist, he doesn't believe in ghosts and gods, and has true, accurate and detailed records on landforms, caves, hydrology, animals and plants, hot springs, geology and many other aspects. * * * Landform 6 1, 24 water bodies, animals and plants 170, famous mountains 1259, and more than 540 caves. To this end, we can compare the investigation records of historical geography masterpieces from the following table.
In addition, the karst landforms investigated by Xu Xiake are 200 years earlier than those in the west. He clarified the source of the Pearl River and corrected the mistakes in the Annals of the Unification of Daming. Corrected Yu Gong's mistake. Because of his travel, he turned himself into an outstanding geographer!
In literature, Xu Xiake is outstanding. His "scenery-based, exemplary landscape" describes the state of things and copies the scenery. Not only is his writing skill extraordinary, but his "style" is unique. His travels are full of fun, full of weather, mountains and rivers, twists and turns in origin, and the wonders recorded on paper are all amazing to readers! His existing 37 ancient poems also prove his literary strength and talent.
For example, he wrote about the mountain peak: I want to ride the jade dragon backwards, and the cranes dance on the peak. Write about the sea: All valleys share the same valley, and the Milky Way is nine days in autumn. Write Waterfall: The pearls scattered for nine days, and the ice and snow turned into double-walled noise. Writing snow: Beichen has Yulong eyes close at hand, crushing vanity snow for thousands of years. Write plum blossoms: Spring is like vanilla for thousands of years, and people are as clear as plum blossoms. ? Write friendship: another gentleman has promised to carry bones, and cuckoos crow in the night sky.
In terms of ecology, Xu Xiake not only fully reflects the relationship between man and nature, but also is full of love for nature. This pure "China's love for nature" makes us truly feel the great significance of protecting the ecological environment and historical and cultural heritage.
At the same time, Xu Xiake also recorded and reflected the tourism situation in ethnic areas in detail, involving the production, life, customs and festivals of Yao, Zhuang, Miao, Naxi and other ethnic minorities, which is a rich ethnological investigation record in ancient times. He had extensive contacts with all social strata in the late Ming Dynasty, recorded rich social and historical contents, and provided a history of social situation in the late Ming Dynasty.
Of course, in terms of inspiration, Xu Xiake and his travel notes are also rare spiritual sources. Not to mention the difficulties he encountered in being a thief, overcoming hunger and exploring, just keeping a diary for a long time is enough to show his perseverance. The existing 630,000-word travel notes are not only the greatest masterpiece of China's ancient travel notes, but also an inspirational monument for countless writers to concentrate on one thing. Today, when we sit in the spacious and bright study, we are still complaining or being lazy. We might as well think about the great traveler Xu Xiake who "broke the dead tree wall, burned his ears and took notes" more than a thousand years ago.
Xu Xiake started his adventure at the age of 22 and made his last trip at the age of 5/kloc-0. At the age of 53, he returned to the East because his feet were abandoned, and died at the age of 54. In this life, he only did one thing, traveling, and unremitting pursuit of poetry and distance. What's more, in that era, Xu Xiake chose an extremely difficult road: at the cost of his life, he took the investigation of nature as his own responsibility, and traveled around in hot and cold weather and cliffs, setting a number of historical records and being hailed as a "saint on earth".
The wealth left by Xu Xiake is three-dimensional and huge. He described the most beautiful scenery in the world with the most unique travel and exquisite words, expressed the purest feelings, pursued the most harmonious relationship between heaven and man, and forged the most authentic scientific spirit, which is not only the foundation of Xu Xiake's success, but also the greatest wealth left to us.
I have been thinking, what kind of person can be called a traveler? What are the main differences between travelers and travelers?
Now, looking at Xu Xiake's life, we can get such an "answer": there are two core criteria for becoming a traveler, one is to have a travel experience that goes down in history, and the other is to have immortal travel works.