The first paragraph starts from the beginning of Yue Ji and ends with "I am not as good as a minister, and I don't doubt it". Tracing the origin of calligraphy, this paper makes a comparative comment on several grandfathers recognized by the world.
The second paragraph begins with "The Year of Yu Zhixue" and ends with "Those who don't enter the door, hope for the Olympics" to describe my lifelong commitment to calligraphy research and my understanding of calligraphy style, brushwork, learning attitude and methods for later scholars to choose.
The third paragraph begins with "write it again" and ends with "see the traces clearly and know the heart". Analyzing the merits of calligraphy works has its specific factors, and it is not static.
The fourth paragraph begins with "pen-and-ink painting has seven lines" and begins with "it is better to give up the choice without training, learning and skill." This paper describes the essence of the selection of materials for his book Fraction, analyzes in detail the scope of its selection and the key points it respects, and also relates to the style of the book studied-truth, line and grass-and refutes the fake and inferior products circulating in contemporary times, which is enlightening for future research.
The fifth paragraph begins with "what my husband wants" and ends with "I can't get a glimpse of all the technologies, but I'm not doing very well". The manual has no definite text, and its style changes with the author's thoughts and feelings; The change of thoughts and feelings must be combined with the current reality, so that the form and spirit are integrated and the heart and hand correspond. To push its origin, we must work hard on the mastery of the mind and hands. If you think about it carefully, you will see the whole situation. If you are skilled, you will write without delay. Naturally, you will forget the words and you will fly away!
The sixth paragraph begins with "if you figure out the rules" and ends with "studious people, you should be especially careful!" It is pointed out that the progress of calligraphy will increase year by year, but it should not be extreme and self-righteous. The conclusion is: people who are proud will fail, and people who feel inferior can still develop. It is also pointed out that we should not despise the ancient sages and ignore the descendants because of accidental events, which will lead to the ridicule of future generations. Scholars should be cautious.
The seventh paragraph begins with "I didn't realize I had stayed for a long time" and ends with "Where there are fish, there are rabbits, and it's stingy!" It is always said that all aspects of writing should be properly coordinated, which seems contradictory, but in fact they complement each other. Although it is only a trivial matter, we should also know that this is an organic whole, which must be taken into account in an all-round way, so as to avoid bias and damage the whole art, achieve high standards, enter and exit, bring forth the old and bring forth the new, and make the calligraphy art get new development.
The eighth paragraph begins with "the writer of prose has the capacity of southern prestige" and ends with "writing down the arch for three years" It shows that the criticism of other people's calligraphy should be based on the truth of the work, not just on the echo of the name, or blindly praise the past for the present, but must be fair and realistic. Taking my own experience as an argument, I finally expressed my inner thoughts and noble style of not keeping pace with the times when writing a book spectrum, which was equivalent to criticizing some bad atmosphere at that time.
"Book Score" brilliantly discusses:
First, calligraphy is an art.
1, calligraphy is plastic arts.
The book points out that calligraphy is not only practical, but also more artistic. The book spectrum says: "The works of the book contract are actually based on words." This is for (book) as a noun, and its function is to "remember words". However, as a verb, "book" is a calligraphy art of "remembering feelings" and "gathering ink". What is calligraphy? In my opinion, calligraphy is an abstract visual art that uses a brush to shape Chinese characters with points and lines according to the law of unity of opposites. It is characterized by plastic arts. It is not a general modeling, but an artistic modeling of Chinese characters, which makes Chinese characters an appreciative work of art. ..
2. It is pointed out that the philosophical basis of calligraphy art is the law of Yin and Yang, that is, the law of unity of opposites.
The score of the book points out that this kind of "gloomy, the heart of heaven and earth is based on" is "the same as the beauty of nature"
The law of unity of opposites runs through all aspects of calligraphy art, such as thickness, length, fluctuation, weight, speed, echo and so on. Size, right and wrong, contrast, change, welcome and so on in Chinese characters; Black and white in composition, part and whole, Zhu's writing in seal script, etc. Wet, dry, cool, etc. In ink painting; Calligrapher's character and quality, internal and external merits of characters, etc.
We must grasp the law of unity of opposites in all aspects of works creation and skillfully unify and coordinate the two sides of contradictions, which is not only the embodiment of skills, but also the embodiment of quality training.
2. "Love" is the general principle of calligraphy.
"Book Score" points out: "Emotion is expressed in words, which means coquettish. It is because of the heart of heaven and earth that people lose their feelings. In fact, they are well managed and their husbands make them feel safe. " Because the general principle of calligraphy art is "love". It is the product of "superior intelligence and fluency", and the development of calligraphy art shows the characteristics of "ancient quality is beautiful today, quality is prosperous, beauty is easy to be vulgar"
Calligraphy is art, and the core of art is beauty. China's calligraphy is "the beauty of nature". Since the emergence of Chinese characters, people have tried to write beautifully when carving and writing Chinese characters, and calligraphy came into being. But calligraphy, as an art, entered the period of self-consciousness, which actually began in the Han Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, five calligraphy art forms were formed, namely seal, official, truth, line and grass, which set off the first peak of calligraphy art. At this time, Zhong, Zhang and "Two Kings" are the representatives. The Tang and Song Dynasties reached a new peak, and the Tang Dynasty made new progress in real grass. In the Tang Dynasty, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were the representatives of real books. The cursive scripts are Zhang Xu and Huai Su. In Song Dynasty, "Shang Yi" contributed to running script, represented by Mi Fei, Su Shi and Cai Xiang. The cursive script has Huang Tingjian. After the Song Dynasty, there was only inheritance and no new breakthrough.
Second, the four sages in the book world
"Book Spectrum" points out: "Husband has been fond of reading since ancient times, and he was the master of two kings in Han and Wei Dynasties." These four sages are unique in ancient and modern times. And Zhang Zhong specializes in, "Xi Zhi's" Knowledge and Excellence "." "Book spectrum" says: "Yuan Chang specializes in official calligraphy, and Bo Ying is especially good at cursive writing. One is beautiful, and the other is both leisurely and carefree. Amethyst has made great achievements in educating his father. He is called the "two kings" in history. In The Book Score, Sun told a story: He gave a letter that he had painstakingly written to Si Tuleideng Xie An, hoping that he could keep it and appreciate it. Xie An asked him, "How is your handwriting better than your father?" He replied, "It must be better." Xie An added: "Most people's comments are not like this." He said, "What do ordinary people know?" Amethyst thinks he is "better than his father". Once Xi went to the capital, he wrote a sentence on the wall. After his father left, he quietly erased it and wrote it in another place that he thought was good. Who knows when he came back, he said, "Alas, I was really drunk when I went." I feel guilty about giving it.
"Book Score" pointed out: "If you know that you can't escape Zhang, you will specialize in Baise, and your son will not be as easy, so there is no doubt."
"Two Kings" and "Four Saints" Zhong Zhang marked the maturity of China's calligraphy art and set off the first peak of calligraphy art, which has not been surpassed by modern people.
Zhang Zhong is specialized, and Xi's knowledge involves many advantages, but his professional knowledge is different. Sun's "Book Score" is suspected of praising and suppressing dedication. However, it is reasonable for him to persuade his father to change his style. His cursive script is smart, which is the first of its kind. Has always been as famous as his father.
The four sages have always been role models in the book world. If you want to make achievements in calligraphy, you must serve the "two kings", be knowledgeable and be excellent. If it doesn't work, it should be effective. However, Sun stressed that it is necessary to "be close to two seals and eight points, and to compose poems." Because this is the necessary foundation of specialization, there are internal relations and mutual foundations between books. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of specialization and even multifunction. People who specialize in only one misunderstand the word "specialty".
Third, the books that Sun learned.
Sun said in the book spectrum: "During the years, pay attention to calligraphy, and it is very interesting, and the previous rules are extremely good."
It takes more than two years to consider specialization. There is a subtle desire to obey and a close heart. "
When talking about his own creation, he said, "I tried my best to write a book." Sometimes he feels good, but the viewer points out his mistakes, even "understatement", but he thinks that the problems pointed out by others are "covered with reasons" and corrects them immediately.
I think Sun Xueshu's experience is worth emulating, (1), and choose the right teacher. He took the four sages as his teachers, with a high starting point and great gains; (2) Perseverance. He studied from the four sages for two periods, with a period of 12 years, that is, he devoted himself to studying for more than 20 years. He has devoted himself to studying the Four Sages for more than 20 years. He said modestly: although it has not reached the point of perfection, it has not stopped and reduced the correct surname of Linchishu. Its spirit is really good; (3) Dare to practice and be good at summing up. His book "Book Score" is the best proof. These three points are indispensable.
As for the different comments of the audience, we can adopt them modestly and improve them in time. He said, "I'm a fake, and the topic is ancient" so that "the sage turns his face, the fool keeps talking, and enjoys the wonders at the last minute", without any meaning of "Ye Gong is afraid of the truth". This is a manifestation of character, which deserves serious study.
Fourth, Chinese characters have natural artistry.
Chinese characters are produced in pictographs, which have natural artistry, so (the book spectrum) says: "Seeing the difference between a husband hanging a needle and revealing it, the wonder of flying thunder and falling rocks, the horror of flying beasts, the state of dancing snakes, the trend of landing on the shore, the danger, or the weight of clouds, or the lightness of cicadas, is a spring note, and the mountains are flat and slim as the first month." Every stippling written by calligraphers is "John is not vain, there must be a reason." Yes
The beauty of China's calligraphy is innate. Chinese characters originated from pictographs, which are natural. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Mrs. Wei described the strokes of Chinese characters vividly, such as: thousands of miles apart from clouds, vaguely tangible, points like peaks falling rocks, and bumps like collapses. Standing like a withered vine ... calligraphy takes Chinese characters as the modeling object, so calligraphy is "wonderful and natural", which is the innate basis for Chinese characters to become calligraphy art, which is the basis of materialism and the reason why Chinese characters are different from other pinyin characters. Therefore, the flower of China's calligraphy art has been in full bloom for thousands of years, and it has become a wonderful work of art attracting worldwide attention. We firmly believe that the future will be better.
Fifth, calligraphers should be both virtuous and artistic.
"Book Score" clearly points out: "However, the foundation of a gentleman lies in repairing its foundation."
Although calligraphy is a Tao, if you want to be a calligrapher, you must "cultivate its roots". What is a calligrapher's "book"? In my opinion, besides being proficient in calligraphy, Xiu De is more important. China has always believed that character is more important than calligraphy. To learn calligraphy, you must first learn to be a man. As the ancients said, books are like people. Highly respected and elegant in writing, but lacking in morality and customs in writing. Elegance is beautiful and vulgarity is ugly. Down-to-earth, we should be determined to be "a person who will return to righteousness and reason, a person who believes in virtue and goodness" and devote ourselves to calligraphy for life.
Sixth, discuss the characteristics of each style and their relationship.
"The seal is smooth, the servant wants to be fine, the grass is expensive and smooth, and the chapter is convenient. Then with the wind, warm, dry and elegant, you can achieve your feelings, form your sadness and joy, and test the special festival of dryness and dampness, which will last forever. "
Real books and running scripts have different uses. If it is "convenient and timely, the running script is suitable, and the topic is convenient, it is really the first."
"It is true that stippling is a form that makes it emotional; Grass can be shaped, and painting is affectionate. "
The relationship between real books and cursive scripts is that "grass is not true and true, but almost exclusive." I really don't know the grass, I'm sure I'm not embarrassed. "
In my opinion, truth is the noumenon of grass, and grass is the essence of truth. Both truth and grass attach importance to form and quality, but attach more importance to emotion. The artistry of calligraphy is first manifested in emotion. However, each has its own emphasis. In my opinion, real books should pay more attention to emotion. It's just that the form is ruthless and the words are dead, but they can still be recorded. Cursive script should emphasize form and quality. If it is invisible, it will be entangled blindly, just like a group of snakes, not for words.
When writing cursive script, you should be as serious, bold and rigorous as a photo book to prevent slipping; When you write a photo book, you should be good at writing it with cursive brushstrokes, so that the real book will look dignified and smart and will not stagnate.
Seal, official, truth, line and grass have their own characteristics, but they also have their own characteristics. They all need precision, strength and spirit, emphasize the combination of strength and beauty, and pay attention to the change of ink color Only in this way can we "achieve their feelings and form their joys and sorrows."
Seven, comment on the theory of ancient books
"Book Spectrum" bluntly pointed out: "Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, there have been many book critics ... or restated old chapters, which are different from the past, or are not conducive to the future, only making those who are complicated and those who are lacking still lack." He also pointed out: "The views of various factions are mostly related to glitz, which is nothing more than external appearance and internal confusion." For example, in the ten chapters of "On Aspirations and Respectful Attitude", the literary style is simple and clumsy, and it is not judged by the regular army. "
Comment is the driving force to promote the perfection and development of calligraphy art and calligraphy theory. Comments can be divided into internal and external aspects. Comments within the calligraphy circle, whether I judge people or others judge me, should be sincere, learn from each other, be realistic and well-founded, be kind to others, and avoid belittling, satirizing and attacking each other, because comments are not only academic issues, but more importantly, personality issues.
When dealing with external comments, that is, the comments of the audience, we should put down our airs and adopt an open-minded attitude, because the appreciation level of the audience is high or low, and many of them are experts, but words, sincerity or coldness, can not be ignored; Most of them are amateurs, but people who like to talk will inevitably make mistakes and can also be used as a reference.
Sun's comments on foreign practices set an example for us, which have been mentioned before, so I won't go into details here.
Eight, brushwork
Pu Shu emphasized the four methods of grasping, doing, turning and using the pen. Yue: "If you insist on the depth, say it's vertical and horizontal pulling, then say it's a hook-and-loop disk, and then draw backwards when you use it, and then restore the counting method and go back to the original road."
The brushwork is the most basic and important of the four calligraphy methods (brushwork, typesetting, composition, pen and ink), and the other three methods should be embodied in the brushwork. The brushwork is not good, and the other three methods and the best design are like castles in the air. Delicate brushwork can be arbitrary and even icing on the cake.
Holding, doing, turning and using are the four basic methods of writing. Different styles and characters, different sizes, and different depths of holding pens. As far as writing lines are concerned, they are mainly straight lines and curves, which means that the pen moves in a straight line. When rotating, the pen moves in a curve. Through the change to the back, avoid parallel lines and similarities, and make it colorful.
Nine, ink method
"Book Score" says that "if it is dry, it will be exhausted ... at first glance", and it also says that when writing seal, official script, grass and chapter, it is necessary to "be careful with the wind, warm with beauty, dry with drums, elegant with elegance, so it can achieve its feelings, shape its sadness and joy, and test the difference between dry and wet, which will remain unchanged throughout the ages."
Ink painting is the link of brushwork, calligraphy and composition. Without ink, there would be no books. In creation, we should not only "gather ink", but also change the ink color, especially cursive script. Calligraphy works should be interesting, rhythmic and three-dimensional, with not only changeable brushwork, colorful modeling, but also colorful pen and ink. Where to moisten, where to dry, where to wet, where to dry, where to show, where to be dull, where to fly, we must carefully plan and complete it in an instant.
Moreover, it is difficult to look like the font in the post with a pen, but it is impossible to achieve the same ink color, especially the flying white in the cursive script.
As the saying goes: the brushwork is difficult. Who knows ink painting is more difficult!
Composition
"Book Score" points out; "If several paintings are painted at the same time, the shapes are different, and all the points are in a line, which is good for each other. A word is a rule, and a word is the last rule. Offenders don't commit crimes, they are different in harmony, they are not often late, and they are sent away from constant illness. Dry and moist, it will be thick and dry. Ignore the rules in the box, avoid the straightness of the hook, look at it at a glance, if you do it, if you hide it. Poverty is a pervert, an armchair strategist. If you have no spare hands, forget the rules. You can return it, you have nothing to lose, and you can still be an enemy of Zhang. "
The composition is about the overall layout, and it is necessary to achieve the trinity of text, style and printing. But the style of the book is different, and the composition is different. Different styles, different articles. A calligrapher is like a strategist. Everything is planned from the overall situation and from a strategic height. Style of writing, style of writing and style of writing are tactics, which must serve the strategy, give full play to their respective strengths and organically serve the overall situation. A good combination is a masterpiece, even a masterpiece. Just like a great victory in a war, you can sing a song of triumph.
In creation, the first word is very important. Its size and strength will determine the size and strength of each word in the first line. The first line determines other lines, even the whole article; The length and thickness of the first stroke of the initial determines the length and thickness of each stroke of the initial, which will affect the first line and even the whole article. As the court pointed out: "every word is a rule, and every word is a rule."
Appreciators' first impression of a book is its composition, so every calligrapher should attach great importance to it.
Eleven, emphasize that calligraphy must be inherited, and we must learn the calligraphy books of ancient sages.
(1), the main learning object.
Shu Pu pointed out that we should mainly learn from Wang Xizhi, because "the book of the right army is called learning on behalf of others. Those who are good can be regarded as masters. They can only learn from the past and learn from the present, which is also profound." As long as it is widely copied, it can be "famous."
(2), the main mode of learning.
Shu Pu pointed out that Wang Xizhi's Le Lun and Yi, Huang Tingjing, Dong Fangshuo Painting Lun, Tai Shi Guan and Preface to Lanting, etc. They are all major students, because these law posts are "people who really do things and will never do anything."
(3) Learning methods
Emphasize that "the observer is still refined, and the planner is expensive." It is required to "understand the heart and obey the hand" and "be careful and not familiar with the hand. If they are all used in "getting used to it", they will inevitably be "natural and unrestrained".
And ask young people and old people to learn from each other, because "if you think through models, it is better to learn from old people and become a rule. Old people are better than young people." Thinking is old and wonderful, but learning less is encouraging. "
(4) Emphasize the three stages of learning.
"Beginner distribution, and justice. Knowing righteousness should pursue danger. It can save the day and return to justice. " Why? Because, "at the beginning, it was not enough, and then it passed, and then it passed." At the meeting, people and books were old. "
(5) Learning attitude
"Book Score" emphasizes that we should get rid of "self-contempt" and "self-righteousness" and study hard with an open mind, because "you can't learn without skills."
Learning is for inheritance. If you want to learn well, you must first have a correct learning attitude in order to inherit and carry forward the art of calligraphy. In this way, you will be "both virtuous and artistic". Don't sell yourself short, "Diligence can make up for it", don't be conceited, aim too high and achieve nothing, and don't study for your own self-interest, or you will fall into the abyss of vulgarity.
Learning should be based on the calligraphy of ancient sages, because it is the essence left by history. Today's works can be used for reference, and we must not gang up on xenophobia or blind worship.
Learning methods should be scientific, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.
(1), good at using sporadic time to read posts, understand handwritten notes, observe carefully, copy and like them, and gain a lot.
(2) Take Fa Tie as a teacher, observe carefully, turn your back, and compare and correct it repeatedly until it is similar. And chase its spirit.
(3) Good at summing up, learning is not entirely by hand, mainly by heart, finding out the shortcomings, consolidating the gains, not being discouraged, not complacent, step by step.
Twelve. create
(1), you should "write before you write", don't trust your handwriting, you should know that "a word is a thousand miles away."
(2) Pay attention to the five-good-five combination, the combination is pleasing, and the good ones are fading.
Five in One: Shen Yi's leisure is also harmonious, and he feels that he knows two in one, which is also harmonious and moist. Paper and ink are also integrated into one, and he occasionally wants to write five in one.
Five good manners: keep a good body and mind, bend two good manners against the trend, do three good manners when the wind is dry and the sun is burning, paper and ink are not called four good manners, and be lazy to do five good manners.
"If five lovely to pumping, thought the town stop; Five combinations will be smooth. No discomfort, nothing. "
(3), pay attention to stay and speed.
"Those who are quick will flee, and those who are late will be rewarded." . What do you mean, stay too long? "Can you stop for a long time quickly?" What is a reward? "There is a reward for being late." In other words, fast is fast, slow is slow, and you should write rhythmically.
(4), backbone and beauty.
When "all wonderful people come home, they should keep their backs, their bones are preserved, and their beauty is increased." "If its bone strength is too strong, it will be less covered by Qiuli, ... and its constitution is not good. If you live well, your backbone will be poor, and it will be indecent. " Emphasize the importance of bone strength.
(5) Problems that must be avoided.
"Quality straight, riches. If you are only excellent, you will dig very hard, without embellishment. Arrogant people are not conducive to restraint. Those who gave up the deal broke the rules. Gentle people are hurt by softness. Brave people are too bold. Suspicious people indulge in stagnation. Those who are late and heavy will eventually be pure. Light is trivial, but heavy is vulgar. Lonely people tend to play well. " However, some people just want to do this.
(6), to "yearn for peace, not to stimulate and not to persist, but the wind returns to the hometown."
Creation is a comprehensive display of internal and external skills, that is, a comprehensive display of books and personalities.
Learning must be based on saints, and creation must be based on me. If you want to write with deep feelings, don't "bend against the trend" because "respecting feelings" is the general principle of calligraphy art, love. It is the lifeblood of calligraphy art. Love is illegal, and law is born with love, and love is self-evident.
Dare to innovate in creation. On the basis of tradition, I dare to publicize my own personality and specialty, go my own way, sing my own songs and publicize my own style.
Creation pays special attention to "potential" and follows the trend. With the potential of writing, words will breathe and live. With momentum, work is full of energy. With the charm, the work has a sense of rhythm and three-dimensional sense, and the interest is in it. The situation arises with the situation, and the situation rises with the situation. Power and spirit are in it!
Thirteen, the original intention of writing "Book Score"
Why did Sun write the General Score? After talking about "five combinations" and "five good manners", he said: "Enterprises and scholars want to tell wonderful things, although it is still very sparse. He did his work, but he didn't accomplish his purpose. It is not tasteless, it is obviously effective, and it is eager to follow the rules of the past, guide future knowledge, eliminate complexity and abuse, and see clear people. "
Professor Pang said in the translation: "I (Sun) have not considered my superficial knowledge, and I am willing to contribute all my experience. I hope to explain as much as possible the lofty virtues of the famous ancient calligraphers, inspire future generations to think about the sages who are interested in calligraphy, put aside trivial things, and ponder the calligraphy of ancient sages, so as to understand the real art of calligraphy. "
From this article, we can clearly understand the true intention and significance of Sun's writing "Shu Pu", that is, he hopes to inspire later generations of literati to think with the lofty virtues of ancient famous calligraphers, and completely put aside those trivial and vulgar things to appreciate the real art of calligraphy. To sum up, it is "removing the false and retaining the true".
In a word, Sun's Shu Pu is unique in the theory of ancient books. I use three words to sum it up, that is, "broad but precise". The content covers a wide range, as can be seen from the above. It involves history, philology, aesthetics and even philosophy. It expounds the history of calligraphy from the perspective of historical materialism, discusses the relationship between individuality and * * *, opposition and unity in calligraphy with dialectical methods, and emphasizes that "it depends on the heart of heaven and earth." That is, the concept of yin and yang, that is, the law of unity of opposites, is the basis of everything. It also highlights the Confucian doctrine of the mean, such as "peace of mind, no excitement, no perseverance" in creation, which is also the style of Xihe.
Pu Shu, with its gorgeous words, systematic theory and incisive analysis, has always been a guide for calligraphers and made indelible contributions to the inheritance and development of calligraphy.
Pu Shu's calligraphy has always been appreciated and studied by calligraphers. Mi Fei commented on Sun's calligraphy and said, "There is nothing wrong with the' two kings' method of Tang Cao."
In the Qing Dynasty, Bao said in the book "Art Boat Pairs, Cursive Writing Answers to Twelve Questions": "It is really extraordinary to re-examine its knot method."
Sun Chengze pointed out in "Summer of the boxer": "Innocent and chic, solitary, not seeking harmony and unintentional, all in the Tang Dynasty."
Therefore, Shupu has the combination of literature and books, and even has the theory of "double unique".