Fang Xuanling’s resume, Fang Xuanling’s story, and how Fang Xuanling, a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty, died
Fang Xuanling, (579-648), also known as Fang Qiao, The courtesy name Xuanling (some say Xuanling, courtesy name Qiaosong), Han nationality, was from Linzi, Qizhou (now from the north of Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province). He was the founding prime minister of the Tang Dynasty in China. His father, Fang Yanqian, was the Jingyang Order during Daye (605-616) and was given the posthumous title of Dingbo. Good at Cao Li. "The Biography of Northern History". When he was 18 years old, he was promoted to Jinshi in this state and was awarded the titles of Yuqiwei and Xichengwei successively. During the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan led his troops into the Pass, and Xuanling surrendered to Li Shimin in Weibei. He went on many expeditions with the King of Qin, served as a consultant and secretary, and served as the secretary of the King of Qin's palace. Every time a place was conquered, others were vying for treasures, but he was the first to recruit talents for the King of Qin and the shogunate. He and Du Ruhui were the most effective counselors of the King of Qin. Zhongshu Ling. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he became Shangshu Zuopushe and supervised the compilation of national history. In the eleventh year, he was granted the title of Duke of Liang. Together with Du Ruhui and Wei Zheng, he was an important assistant to Emperor Taizong. In July of the 16th year, Sikong ascended the throne and still managed the affairs of the state. He was ordered to rewrite the Book of Jin. When Taizong conquered Goguryeo, he stayed in the capital. He died of illness in the 22nd year. After his death, Duke Xuanling was given the posthumous title "Wenzhao", and he was entitled to enjoy the palace of Taizong and be buried with him in the Zhaoling Mausoleum.
Before Zhenguan, he assisted Li Shimin in managing the four directions, defeating the heroes and seizing the throne. Li Shimin praised him for his "efforts in planning strategies and determining the destiny of the country." During Zhenguan, he assisted Taizong and held the posts of Zhongshu Ling, Shangshu Zuopushe, Sikong and other positions. He was also the commander-in-chief of Baisi and was in charge of government affairs for 20 years. He participated in the formulation of laws and regulations, presided over the revision of laws and regulations, and participated in the formulation of "Zhenguan Code" laid the foundation for the later "Yonghui Code" and the "Tang Code Commentary", the oldest and most complete feudal criminal code in China; he also studied Tang Rites with Wei Zheng; adjusted the *** organization, and provincial And the central officials are the leaders of Zhenguan's good governance; they are good at employing people, do not seek to prepare them, do not ask about their high or low status, and appoint people according to their talents; they abide by their duties and do not take credit for themselves. Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as models of good prime ministers. For example, "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" praised: "The text contains the latitude and longitude, and the planning is profound and supplementary. The sheng and chimes have the same pronunciation, Wei Fang and Du." Because Xuanling was good at planning and Ruhui was good at making decisions, It is known in history as "Fang's plan to stop it".
Fang Xuanling went to the capital with his father when he was a boy. At that time, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was in power, and the world was peaceful and peaceful. However, in his weak years, Fang Xuanling had already made a sophisticated analysis of world affairs. In private, He told his father: "The Emperor of the Sui Dynasty had no merit and only knew how to deceive the people. Moreover, he did not care about the country's long-term plan. He did not distinguish between the sons and the common people, and he was extravagant with each other. In the end, he would kill each other. The country is now in peace, but The day of destruction is just around the corner. "Xuanling was well versed in classics and history, and was good at writing. When he was eighteen years old, he was promoted to Jinshi in this state and was awarded the title of Yuqiwei. Because her father was bedridden and seriously ill all year round, Fang Xuanling always served him and was known for his filial piety. Li Shimin led his troops across Weibei, and Fang Xuanling went to the military gate to seek refuge. As soon as the two met, they felt like they were old acquaintances, and they immediately accepted him as a reporter and joined the army. In order to repay Li Shimin's kindness, Fang Xuanling tried his best to plan military and political affairs. Every time a separatist force was conquered and destroyed, everyone in the army tried their best to search for treasures and foreign objects. Only Fang Xuanling searched for outstanding figures and recommended them to the King of Qin Li Shimin. Therefore, the powerful advisers and generals in the mansion were very grateful for Fang Xuanling's recommendation and tried their best to repay the favor. Fang Xuanling had been in the palace of Prince Li Shimin and Qin for more than ten years, and had been in charge of major military affairs. He also wrote military documents and reports, stationed troops and established them, and arranged all the documents without drafts. The great ancestor Li Yuan also expressed deep admiration for Fang Xuanling and said to his courtiers: "This person knows the situation well and is worthy of the appointment. Every time he presents something for my son (the people of the world), he will definitely understand people's hearts, and he will still be talking to each other thousands of miles away." Later, Prince Li Jiancheng expelled the Qin Prince's palace, and Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui were expelled from their posts. On the eve of the "Xuanwumen Incident", Li Shimin secretly summoned two people to disguise themselves as Taoist priests and enter the pavilion for a secret plan, and finally approved the plan.
In the ninth year of Tang Wude (626), he participated in the planning of the Xuanwumen Incident and helped Li Shimin obtain the throne of emperor. Taizong rewarded Fang Xuanling, Changsun Wuji, Du Ruhui, and Yuchi based on their merits. Jingde and Houjun gathered the five meritorious service members to the first level and were promoted to Duke Xing. Li Shimin's cousin Li Shentong was not convinced and said: "When the rebel army first started, I led the troops to arrive first.
Nowadays, Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui and other powerful officials (the emperor's uncle dare not mention Changsun Wuji because he is Taizong's brother-in-law); nor do they dare to mention Yuchi Jingde and Hou Junji, both of whom are military generals, and Yuchi Jingde Even Shimin's younger brother's face was not spared by Lao Quan), but he took the lead in meritorious service and was dissatisfied. Li Shimin was not polite, and the court retorted: "The banner of righteousness has just begun to rise, and everyone has their own intentions." Although uncle, you came with troops, you were afraid of being implicated and killed, and you have never fought in battle in person. When you fought against Dou Jiande, your entire army was captured (you were captured, but Jiande Rende didn't kill him. Li Shimin didn't show any disgrace to him); later, when Liu Heitai raised his troops, you were defeated and fled again. Nowadays, when it comes to rewards for merit, Xuan Ling and others strategized and stabilized the country, and their achievements were better than that of Xiao He. Although they did not do much work, they were able to take credit for their big plans. Uncle, you are a dear relative of the country, and I will not begrudge you the reward, but I cannot let the meritorious officials receive rewards because of their personal feelings.
"I said this, and the often-defeated emperor's uncle was ashamed and resigned.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Fang Xuanling was granted the title of Wei Guogong and was appointed as Shangshu Zuopushe, supervising the compilation of national history. , the law was lenient and fair, and people were appointed only according to their merits, regardless of the lowly. Commentators all called him a good prime minister. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he was appointed as Shangshu Zuopushe and supervised the compilation of national history in the ninth year of Zhenguan (635 AD). Fang Xuanling protected the system of Emperor Gaozu's mausoleum and was granted the title of Duke of Liang in the eleventh year. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 639), he was appointed Prince Shaoshi. He stayed in the capital. He served as prime minister for fifteen years. His daughter was Princess Han, and his son Fang Yi loved Princess Gaoyang. He was extremely noble, but he often felt inferior and did not dare to show off his pride. In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin personally conquered Liaodong and Korea. Fang Xuanling stayed in the capital. In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), Fang Xuanling was seriously ill. Taizong sent a famous doctor to treat him, provided him with royal meals every day, and visited Fang Xuan in person in July. When he died at the age of seventy, Fang Xuanling said to the disciples: "The world is peaceful now, but the emperor's constant pursuit of Goryeo is causing national trouble. The Lord is angry and determined, but no subordinate dares to offend. If I know but don't say anything, I will die with hatred. So he rebelled against the emperor and remonstrated, begging Taizong to put the common people of the world first and stop the attack on Goryeo. When Taizong saw the emperor, he was moved and said to Princess Gaoyang, Fang Xuanling's daughter-in-law: "This man is critically ill and is about to die. How can he still worry about our country? It's really great." It's so rare. "On his deathbed, Li Shimin went to his bedside to shake hands and say goodbye, and appointed his son Fang Yiai as the right guard Zhonglang general, and Fang Yi as the Zhongsan doctor, so that he could see his two sons and nobles during his lifetime. Fang Xuanling received In such a situation, he must be smiling when he died. When he died at the age of seventy, it was a happy year for him. Emperor Taizong deposed him for three days and gave him the posthumous title of Wenzhao. He was buried with Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. In the third year of Yonghui's reign in the Tang Dynasty, the "Fang Xuanling Stele" was engraved on the Xuanling Cemetery, with an inscription of more than 2,000 words. The most famous sentence is: "Daoguang's guardian instrument is vibrating on the piano, and Fang Si and Yu Fengxian's pipes are flowing." "
Fang Xuanling has always warned his sons not to look down upon others, and not to indulge in arrogance and luxury. He also collected the family precepts of sages from ancient and modern times, personally wrote them on the screen, and distributed them to each heir, saying: "If you can pay attention to the above content, it will be enough to protect yourself and become famous. "However, after Duke Xuanling passed away, "Fang Yiai's rebellion" completely destroyed Fang Xuanling's lifelong loyalty, and the family was eventually burdened by a rebellious son and an evil woman. The princess committed suicide, Fang Yiai was executed, and all the sons were exiled as prisoners. Lingnan. Because of his father's contribution, Fang Yizhi finally survived and was dismissed as a commoner.