? The writing style of pen official script is basically the same as that of brush official script. Although the lines are thin and stiff, unlike the brush official script, the thickness has obvious Fiona Fang changes, but their spiritual temperament is the same. When writing, you should understand with your heart, and repeated research can lead to results.
? (1) points, the points of seal script are mostly short horizontal or short vertical, which is not obvious. Although the official script is not as colorful as the later official script, it also has many changes and occupies an important position in the whole official script. Compared with regular script, official script is round and muddy in point shape, sharp in front and full of strength. Some people say it is official script. Points are like wooden wedges. It seems reasonable. As shown in the figure below:
Three-part water is different from both seal script and regular script. Three-part water gathers together to form the trend of left opening and right closing, and three-part water should echo the right part. The next four points will be scattered, with uneven length and rich changes. The eight-character point should be in the trend of opening and closing, expanding left and right, echoing and taking care of each other.
? (2) As the cornerstones of the square of Chinese characters, horizontal script and official script have given horizontal painting a new mission and characteristics in the process of transforming the circle of seal script into a square fold. The horizontal painting of official script can be divided into horizontal painting and wave painting according to its shape, as shown in the following figure:
Remember that "geese don't fly in pairs", that is, each word should have only one key wave. If the two horizontal strokes were horizontal, we should reduce the strokes, and if the last horizontal stroke was wavy, we should let go of the strokes. Because the lower part of the word is pressed as the main pen, the upper horizontal direction should only be applied horizontally.
? (3) Vertical and vertical strokes are second only to the common strokes of square Chinese characters. The vertical body of official script can be divided into vertical body and vertical body according to its shape, as shown in the following figure:
Right-bending vertical is mostly used for door characters and characters with symmetrical vertical as the main pen. Sometimes there are similar characters, such as moon, unitary, same, use, energy, su, paste and so on. The vertical pen beside the vice is also bent vertically with the right hand, such as the words of virtue, action, service and levy. Li Shu vertical position is widely used, including hanging needle vertical position, hanging vertical position, flat vertical position and round vertical position, which can be carefully understood and used differently.
? (4) wave pick, or left, or left. According to its shape, it can be divided into oblique type, curved type and straight type, as shown in the following figure:
The oblique wave is relatively flat, or flat. If you want to bend a wave, stand first and then pick it. The straight wave pick is almost a vertical pen with a pick.
? (5) Wave, which is called Si in regular script, is slightly like a wave, but its usage is different. According to its function, it can be divided into two types: flat type and inclined type. As shown in the figure below:
Flat waves are mostly twists and turns, with the head slightly higher, flat or slightly to the right. It is often used in words such as walking, walking, walking and feet. Its potential should be flat and its tail exaggerated. Oblique wave disc is used more than flat wave disc, which is mostly used in anthropology, Geke and so on. Its potential should be inclined to bend up and down, and it should be coordinated with the matching departments.
? (6) Folding, folding painting generally plays the role of a pair of pens in official script. Solid and clean, divided into straight folding and oblique folding, as shown in the figure below:
Straight folding is mostly used for closed structures such as mouth, sun, field and moon, and the potential is slightly inward. Oblique folding is mostly used in the right ear and sub-part, and its inward folding potential is stronger than straight folding.
? (7) The hook in the official script is mostly used as an auxiliary pen, which is more rounded when used in conjunction with other strokes, so it should be subtle and natural, as shown in the following figure:
(8) Pick, the pick (or lift) of official script is mostly used as an auxiliary pen. Its shape is oblique and its potential is oblique and flat. Nothing special. As shown in the figure below:
Second, the writing of pen official script
? After mastering the characteristics of stippling in official script, we should further study the writing rules of official script and understand the characteristics of writing. Next, it is analyzed from the following five aspects: the composition of characters, their respective compositions, the dislocation of radicals, the fracture of meaning, and the avoidance of stippling:
? (1) As the overall potential of the official script is squared, it takes the left and right eighth potential, and the waves are clear and natural. However, not all official scripts must be written flat, just as the characters in regular script are not square. There are many strokes in Chinese characters. If you want to write naturally, you must change the length and size. This is because of the shape of the characters. For example, in the poem "Ode to Shimen" written by Hanya, the praise, determination, valley, acceptance, yi, Geng, Ming and stone are characterized by less pens, exaggeration and wave changes, so the characteristics of the horizontal side are more prominent and distinct. As shown in the figure. The words Shu, Yan, Scold, Stone, Yang, Bow, Dragon and Yu have more strokes and more horizontal paintings, so they are narrow and long, and the eight-point potential is not obvious. As shown in the figure. And the words "life, promotion, etc." In Ode to Shimen. Vertical pen is longer, more exaggerated and more interesting. It is not only a simple and exaggerated feature of the combination of words in ode to Shimen, but also one of the characteristics of the combination of words in all Han monuments. As shown in the figure below:
(2) The composition of each word in Lishu requires not only the stable center of gravity of each word, but also the radical in each word to exist independently without inclination. This is because it evolved from an independent radical of seal script. As shown below, please, move, lose, fresh, plan, post, gentleman, meaning and so on. Everyone has his own radical, and regular script does not have this feature. If a word can be independently formed into characters up and down, left and right, it will be stable if it is combined into one word. This is the dignified and elegant feature of official script. As shown in the figure below:
(3) The radicals of official script can be independently and randomly formed, rich and varied, giving people a vivid and touching feeling. For example, the words "Zhe, Bi, Yi, Jie, Duan, Poison, Qu and Kong" in Ode to Shimen are varied and vivid. If you use the word "zhe", the waves will be broken and staggered, and this move will have more vitality. If you use the word "bi", the wave pick corresponds to the wave shape, and it is quite interesting to click at three o'clock. The meaning of words has changed a lot, but they don't change their original shape, save words, shrink words and put them down. The truncation of words is natural and random, and the poisonous words shrink up and down, which is a lovely contrast. When the word bends, it stretches and contracts, and the trend of left wrapping is obvious. Empty words spread out the treasure cover, completely covered, and have the interest of seal script. As shown in the figure below:
(4) Every word of Chinese characters is written continuously by stippling. Therefore, when writing, there are strokes, stippling and stippling echo each other, take care of each other, and are connected by blood. Like regular script, the stippling of official script echoes each other, and there are breaks and connections in the painting, which seems to be broken and connected, and the shape is broken and connected. Although there is no line like cursive script, spirit, interest and interest are closely linked. The strokes are not isolated, they echo each other, take care of each other and cooperate tacitly. Therefore, when we study the official script inscriptions, we must pay attention to the communication of strokes and the echo relationship between strokes, so as to achieve the combination of form and meaning and both form and spirit. As shown in the figure below:
(5) stippling means that every word is written in different forms, which is vivid, vivid and beautiful. We should pay attention to the relationship between the dots, distinguish between primary and secondary, and distinguish between light and heavy. There are many stipplings in official script, which are convergent, indulgent and interesting. You give in a little, I'll get in a little, interspersed and echoed, and cooperated closely. As shown below, the initials in the upper part converge, and the carriage in the lower part is released, which is represented by waves and elongated. To the word, the upper part is small and the lower part is big. The first transverse position is short and flat, and the second transverse position is wavy. Its characters, big and small, are the second horizontal length, and the lower point should be narrowed. The vertical bend of the sub-characters extends to the left and converges horizontally, so the characters are left, lower and upper right, and staggered up and down, which is interesting. The clear word is divided into three parts, and the water is to the left, making the green word to the right. I-shaped words on the left are shortened to power words on the right. Pick up the words, hold hands and merge the right parts of the words.
(6) The change gave birth to the new official script, and it is strange and intriguing to make good use of strokes and font changes to change. As shown in the figure below, the new Chinese characters turn two points into levels. Straight characters are decomposed up and down, and the middle and lower parts are connected by dots. Left and right missing characters become corresponding straight pictures, vertical characters are saved, the lower part becomes mountain characters, a vertical picture is added to the upper part of the characters, and the middle part of the year characters becomes-horizontal. Leave out the vertical line on the left in this word. The word "teacher" was omitted from the upper left, and a little more was added to the upper right. The right half of Hiroko became a mouth. Add a little more at the top of the original word.
Third, the problems that should be paid attention to in writing pen official script
? Official script not only has practical value, but also has the characteristics of beautification and decoration. It is a common style after running script, especially pen official script. Its brushwork is straightforward and changeable, and its style is diverse and changeable, which is deeply loved by young friends. If you want to learn pen official script well, you should not only read the posts carefully and repeatedly, but also pay attention to the following three issues as a whole.
? (1) takes the potential by eight points. The biggest feature of Lishu is that it takes a horizontal position, stretches left and right, and "eight points" takes the momentum, so it is also called "eight points". When writing, we must first design a flat square to create good conditions for the "eight points". When writing, pay attention to the "flat" of the basic strokes, which are flat and slightly inclined, slender and stretched, elegant and beautiful. Don't be too restrained, look at the situation a little wider and be more open. As shown in the figure below:
It should be noted that not all official characters are horizontal, but some are vertical. When posting, you should treat it differently and handle it properly. As shown in the figure below:
(2) clear priorities. Every word has a main pen and an auxiliary pen. When practicing, we must deal with the relationship between primary and secondary, highlight the key points and distinguish between primary and secondary. As the saying goes, "A silkworm has no two heads, but a goose does not fly in pairs". In other words, each word can only be exaggerated and written as a silkworm head and goose tail (or tail), and the second horizontal painting should be written as a horizontal painting without waves. As shown in the figure:
(3) Discrimination of words. Many characters in Han Bei are expressed by simplified characters, transliterated characters, variant characters and traditional characters, which are quite different from the simplified characters we commonly use today. This is also the strength of the Han tablet, which is rich in changes and diverse. On the one hand, we should carefully identify and analyze, accept words or make words, and don't use them wrongly. As shown below: Spirit, Stability, Zee, Valley, Qi, Qin, Yi, Lu, Yong, Nian, Yuan, Source, Tail, Qi, Tao (the same way), Poison, Frost, Interception, Miao, Man, Knowledge, Persistence, Depth, Debate, Coolness, Origin, Origin, Happiness and Inevitability.
Fourth, the best example of learning pen official script-A brief introduction to Ode to Shimen
? Han tablet is a colorful world with a large number and different styles, which occupies an important position in the history of calligraphy. Every monument has its own style. "Every monument is unique and has no similarities." What kind of Han tablet is the model of learning pen official script? Some people advocate learning Yi Ying Bei, others advocate learning Fang Jun's Zhang Qianbei, and others like learning Cao Quanbei, which is elegant and elegant, with different reasons. In fact, the inscriptions in the Han Dynasty are all wonderful. I want to say, starting from the tools and characteristics of brush calligraphy, it is better to take the thin and wonderful ode to Shimen as the best example of the introduction of official script. Because "Ode to Shimen" uses a fine pen, with changeable words and balance, it has both backbone and charm, and is suitable for expression with a pen.
? (A)' Ode to Shimen' overall style analysis
? Ode to Shimen is a wonderful work of stone carving in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is natural, unrestrained, simple, strong and fresh. As a masterpiece of Han steles, it has always been appreciated by calligraphers and inscriptions, and is called "the grass among officials". Luo Fukan's poem said, "How dare you ask timidity when it is superb and wonderful?"? Also known as Cao Li with Meng Chu, painstaking mechanics does not follow. " Yang Shoujing called it "the pen is really like a wild crane gull, flying high." Ode to Shimen combines the advantages of various calligraphy styles, including the brushwork of seal script, the structure of official script, the posture of running script and the interest of cursive script. When learning to write Ode to Shimen, we should not only grasp its pen-centered, slender, powerful, plain and simple style, but also ignore its characteristics of simplicity, strangeness and exaggeration in change. We should strive to find its extraordinary state of openness, elegance and novelty, as well as its vigorous posture from plain to strange.
? (B) "Ode to Shimen" brushwork analysis
? Ode to Shimen is engraved on the cliff, forming a strange and ancient brushwork, which is the beauty endowed by nature. Although it is a cliff stone carving, it lacks the solemn temple atmosphere and has more interesting mountains and forests. His pen is heavy and thick, round inside and round outside, multi-purpose center, containing but not revealing, quite like Qin Zhuan, round and standing, elegant and unrestrained. Ode to Shimen is mostly written in one stroke, which makes good use of the front tip and strokes, so the strokes are extremely fine, but because it is good at hiding the head and protecting the tail, it is not fine, but it has a heavy meaning.
? Writing ode to Shimen with a pen is easy to get its fine strength, but rare to get its heavy thickness. Be good at hiding the front and returning the pen, and pay attention to the handling of light and heavy pressing. If you want to write in epigraphy, you can add a little vibrato pen. As shown in the figure below:
(C) "Ode to Shimen" knot word analysis
? The characteristics of Shimen Fu have greatly changed the balance and won by "danger". It's naive and interesting because the characters stand upright, or take the trend of horizontal width, or show the posture of vertical length Keep it inside and put it outside, get even in danger, lean in the middle, get even in the middle, which is varied and intriguing. The movement and increase or decrease of this stroke makes the font more wonderful and unique, which is refreshing. Some vertical paintings show their own specialties, such as the rate of Han bamboo slips, which are exaggerated and bold, which makes people sigh. When you approach this monument with a pen, you should pay attention to the richness and diversity of words, whether horizontally or vertically, whether collecting or releasing. You should take advantage of the natural beauty of Chinese characters because of their formation, and first seek the shape to be accurate to the point, tight to the middle of the palace and satisfied on all sides. As shown in the figure below:
1. Sun Xinlin's Ode to Shimen
2. Wang Guoling presented "Ode to Shimen"