The best running script in the world - "Lanting Preface" by Wang Xizhi of Jin Dynasty
In the ninth year of Yonghe, he was in Guichou. At the beginning of late spring, we would meet at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji, to practice bad luck. All the virtuous people have arrived, and the young and old have gathered together. Here there are high mountains, luxuriant forests and tall bamboos; there are also clear and turbulent streams, reflecting them to the left and right, which make them look like flowing water. Although it is not as prosperous as silk and bamboo orchestral music, one drink and one chant are enough to express the secret love. That day, the sky is clear and the wind is gentle and gentle. Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the prosperity of categories, wandering around and wandering around is enough to provide great visual and auditory entertainment. I believe it is a joy!
My wife’s friendship will last a lifetime. Or they can take each other's arms and talk to each other in a room; or they can wander outside because of their entrustment. Although there are many choices and choices, calmness and impatience are different. When you are happy with what you encounter, you get what you have for the time being, and you are happy and contented, not knowing that old age is coming. When I am tired of what I am doing, my emotions change with the situation, and I am filled with emotion. The admiration for it, and the admiration of it, have become old traces, and I still cannot help but feel happy about them. If the condition is short-lived and changed, it will eventually end? The ancients said: "Death and life are also big things." Isn't it painful?
Every time I look at the reasons for people's interest in the past, if they are combined into one, I will not fail to lament in the text, which cannot be expressed in my heart. I know that death and rebirth are just illusions, and mourning for Qi Peng is an illusion. The future looks upon the present, just as the present looks upon the past. Sad husband! Therefore, I listed people from that time and recorded what they said. Although the world is different and things are different, I am interested in it and it is the same. Those who view it later will also feel the elegance.
Appreciation:
"Lanting Preface", also known as "Lanting Banquet Collection Preface", was written in the ninth year of Yonghe, Emperor Mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353 AD). Paper, running script, length 24.5 cm, width 69.9 cm, 28 lines, 324 words.
Wang Xizhi (321-379), courtesy name Yishao and Danzhai, was originally from Linyi, Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), and later moved south to Shanyin, Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He rose to the rank of General of the Right Army, and in his later life he was called the King of the Right Army. Wang Xizhi learned calligraphy from Mrs. Wei when he was young, and later learned from Zhong Yao, Zhang Zhi, Li Si, Cai Yong and others. He learned from everyone's strengths and eventually became a master. He broke through the official script style and created the modern calligraphy style of Yanmei Reuben, and was revered as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by future generations. His calligraphy is free and elegant, round and smooth, and is in line with the style of scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The ancients praised it as "the breeze comes out of the sleeves and the bright moon enters the arms", which is a wonderful example.
"Lanting Preface" is the most outstanding representative of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works. In the ninth year of Yonghe, in the late spring of March, which was the day of Shangsi, Wang Xizhi and his friends Xie An, Sun Chuo, Zhi Daolin and other 41 local celebrities gathered at Shanyin Lanting to hold a "fúxì" meeting. Everyone drank wine and composed poems. They all expressed their feelings and compiled them into "Yie Tie". Wang Xizhi was also recommended to write the preface to this collection of poems. Wang Xizhi looked up at the sky and the earth, saw the beauty of the mountains and rivers, and thought about the impermanence of life. He couldn't help but be filled with emotion. He wrote like a god, in one go, and wrote the "Lanting Preface" that will last forever.
"Lanting Preface" is not only a masterpiece of prose, but also a masterpiece of calligraphy. The writing style throughout the article is vertical and horizontal, full of spirit, like a dragon leaping and a tiger lying, completely natural. The light and serious diseases are slow, the sparseness and density are diagonal, the collection, release, bowing and yielding, the response and response, no part is inappropriate, no part is not unrestrained. Even if there is some omission, it doesn't hurt. There are nineteen "zhi" characters and seven "no" characters in the whole text. There are many variations and none of them are similar. Really achieve a state of doing whatever you want without breaking the rules.
It is said that Wang Xizhi rewrote the "Lanting Preface" several times after he sobered up, but it was not as good as before. He sighed: "This god can help my ears, how can I do it." The original "Lanting Preface" has been lost. There are two earliest and most authored versions of the "Lanting Preface" handed down today: one is the Shenlong version and the other is the Dingwu version.
The second running script in the world - "Manuscript for Nephew Sacrifice" by Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty
Original text:
In the first year of Wei Qianyuan, the year of Wuxu, September Geng Wu, the third day of the lunar month, Renshen, the thirteenth uncle Yin Qingguanglu (Tuo Dazi), the husband sent Chijie to all the military forces in Puzhou. As a shameful offering to his deceased nephew, he gave a tribute to the good doctor Ji Ming and said:
But you are still alive, and you have long been a symbol of young virtue. Every time it comforts people's hearts, what's the purpose of Jiangu? Rebellious thieves provoked each other, claiming soldiers violated obedience, and your father did his best to make Changshan a county. When I was ordered to do so, I was also in the plains. My dear friend, I love me (for fear of being painted away), and Bier spread the word.
When you returned home, you opened the earth gate. As soon as the earth gate was opened, you frowned fiercely. The thieves and ministers did not (support Tu to go) to save him, and the isolated city was besieged and forced. The father (to capture Tu and go) trapped him and his son died, and the nest collapsed. If God does not regret the misfortune, who is responsible for the evil? I think you are disabled, how can you redeem your body? Alas!
I took over Tianze and moved to Heguan (to the east of the river, close to Tu), where the springs were bright (I left to Tu), and then fell into Changshan (to Titu). Bringing your head with you, I will return it together with you (it was also painted out from Changshan). I will miss you deeply and mourn my heart. It will be far away in the future. You live in a secluded house (Go to Futu), your soul is full of knowledge, and there are no long-term guests. Alas!
Shang Xiang!
Appreciation:
The full name of "Manuscript of Sacrifice to Nephew" is "Manuscript of Sacrifice to Nephew Ji Ming", which was written in the first year of Qianyuan of Emperor Suzong of Tang Dynasty (758 AD). Paper, running script, length 28.2 cm, width 75.5 cm, 23 lines, 234 words. There are seals such as "Zhao's son, Pleiades", "Daya", "Xianyu", "Shu", "Xianyu Shu's uncle and father", "Xianyu" and so on. It was once collected by Xuanhe Neifu of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Yan of the Yuan Dynasty, Xian Yushu of the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Ting of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Qianxue of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Hongxu, and the Neifu of the Qing Dynasty. It is now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Yan Zhenqing (709-785), whose courtesy name was Qingchen, was born in Jingzhao ten thousand years ago. His ancestral home was Linyi, Langya, Tang Dynasty (now Linyi, Shandong). He was a Jinshi in the Kaiyuan Dynasty and moved to the palace to serve as the censor. He was hated by Yang Guozhong and became the prefect of Pingyuan. He was called Yan Pingyuan in his old life. During the Anshi Rebellion, he fought against thieves for meritorious service. He entered Beijing and served successively as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Prince and Grand Master, and was granted the title of Founding Duke of Lu County, so he was also known as Yan Lu Gong in the world. During the reign of Emperor Dezong, Li Xilie rebelled. He put the country first and went to the enemy camp in person. He showed his righteousness and was eventually hanged by Li Xilie at the age of 77. Dezong's edict states: "He is endowed with physical talent and outstanding public loyalty. He has been in four dynasties and has a firm mind."
The "Manuscript of Sacrifice to My Nephew" was written by Yan Zhenqing to commemorate his nephew Yan Jiming who died in the Anshi Rebellion. In the 14th year of Tang Tianbao's reign (755), Anlushan rebelled. Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Pingyuan, contacted his cousin Yan Gaoqing, the governor of Changshan, to attack the rebels. In the first month of the following year, the rebel Shi Siming's troops captured Changshan, and Yan Gaoqing and his youngest son Ji Ming were arrested. Yan Gaoqing saw An Lushan's face and scolded him angrily. An Lushan was so angry and resentful that he ordered someone to cut off Yan Gaoqing's tongue with an iron hook. Yan Gaoqing still continued to curse, so An Lushan ordered The father and son were cut to death together, and more than thirty members of the Yan family were killed. In the first year of the Qianyuan year of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (758 AD), Yan Zhenqing ordered people to go to Hebei to look for Ji Ming's skull and bring it back, and wrote this memorial poem with tears that will leave a lasting legacy.
The volume of "Manuscript of Memorials to My Nephew" is not clear, the handwriting is hasty, and smears and deletions are often visible. Throughout the entire article, grief, indignation and generosity overflow from the writing, and the paper is filled with hatred for the traitors and mourning for the relatives. Yan Zhenqing was completely moved by emotion. When he started writing, his mind was still calm, and his writing was evenly sized, dense and slender. As the words deepened, the cursive writing gradually became more mixed, to the point of "The thieves and ministers did not save me, but the isolated city surrounded them. "The father was trapped and the son died, and the nest collapsed and the eggs were overthrown." I could no longer suppress my grief and anger, like a volcano erupting, violent waves pouring in, the fonts were sometimes big and sometimes small, the line spacing was sometimes wide and sometimes narrow, the ink was dry or moist, and the strokes were hidden and exposed. When it comes to "Alas", the rhythm reaches a climax. You can sway freely and freely with the brush, and the desolation and solemnity are vividly reflected on the paper. The solemnity at the beginning and the forgetfulness at the end are all natural expressions of the writer's mood. It can be said that we cry with writing and weep with ink. Blood and tears drip into the pen, and majesty fills the writing.
This post was originally a draft of a memorial text, and Yan Zhenqing had no intention of writing it. But precisely because I have no intention of writing, I work hard without working. The entire calligraphy is written with dignity and vitality, the writing style is round and majestic, and the gestures are full of movement. It is written purely with spirit and achieves the beauty of nature. The eternal value of "The Manuscript of Memorials to My Nephew" lies in the fact that sincere emotions dominate the writing and ink, regardless of clumsiness, the writing is unrestrained, the writing is bold and bold, and it is completed in one go. The blood and tears blend with the writing and ink, and the passion and majesty are gushing out. Zhang Jingyan of the Yuan Dynasty wrote an inscription and postscript saying: "I think that an announcement is not as good as a letter, and a letter is not as good as drafting. The announcement is an official work, although it is in regular script, but it is ultimately a rope agreement; the letter comes from the whim of the moment, so it can be indulged; and the drafting comes from Unintentional, it is because of forgetfulness in the palm of his hand that the real wonder can be seen here. "Yu Shu's postscript of Yuan Xian said: "The Manuscript of Memorial to My Nephew Ji Ming is the second best in the world." Chen Shen of the Yuan Dynasty said: "The Manuscript of Memorial to My Nephew Ji Ming". , the strokes are bold and bold, flowing thousands of miles at a time; sometimes they are powerful, mixed with fluidity: whether it is like seal script, or like engraving, its wonderful interpretation is almost as if it was created by heaven.
Could it be that at that time, I focused on thinking and writing, but did not care about craftsmanship in calligraphy and painting, but worked hard instead?"
"The Manuscript of Sacrificing My Nephew" is one of Yan Shu's famous "Three Drafts" (the other two drafts are "The Manuscript of Fighting for a Seat") , one of the "Manuscripts of Reporting to Uncle", which has been included in the engravings of the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and has been imitated and praised continuously in the past dynasties.
The third running script in the world - "Han Shi Tie" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty
Original text:
Part One
I came to Huangzhou, Three cold days have passed, and I want to cherish spring every year, but I don’t want to miss it when it is gone.
It rains again this year, and the autumn moon is bleak. I lie down and smell the begonia flowers, the muddy swallows are covered with snow.
Stolen it secretly, it’s so powerful in the middle of the night. He is a sick young man, and his illness has turned white in the beginning.
Second
The spring river is about to enter the house, but the rain keeps coming. The hut is like a fishing boat in the misty water and clouds.
The empty kitchen is used to cook cold vegetables, and the stove is broken to burn wet reeds. I didn't know it was cold food, but I saw a bird carrying paper.
The king’s gate is nine levels deep, and his tomb is thousands of miles away. I also want to cry and be poor, and I can't afford it.
Appreciation:
The full name of "Han Shi Tie" is "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems", which was written in the second year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1069). Paper, running script, 37.4cm vertical and 734cm wide, composed of two five-character poems, totaling 17 lines and 129 words.
Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Sichuan and the eldest son of Su Xun. He became a Jinshi in the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057) in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he served as a member of the ancestral hall, Wai Lang, and knew Mizhou, Xuzhou, and Huzhou. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law, he was banished to Huangzhou for writing poems that slandered the imperial court. Zhezong was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy at that time. He once went to Hangzhou and Yingzhou, and was promoted to the minister of the Ministry of Rites. He was later demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou (Hainan Island), and finally returned to the north. He died of illness in Changzhou and was given the posthumous title Wenzhong. Together with his father Xun and his brother Zhe, they are collectively known as the Three Sus. His writing is unbridled and clear. Together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty, they are collectively known as the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Their poems are fresh and fresh. Hao Jian is good at using exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their luxury and arrogance. He is a bold and unrestrained poet, and is known as Su Huang with Huang Tingjian. He is good at running script and regular script, following the example of Li Yong and others. Xu Hao and Yan Zhenqing were able to innovate their own ideas, and their brushwork was rich and ups and downs, with an innocent and unrestrained interest. Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, they were called the Four Great Masters of the Song Dynasty.
This "Cold Food Post" is the poem "Two Poems on Cold Food in Huangzhou" written and curated by him when he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian in the second year of Yuanfeng of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1069). These are two poems that evoke excitement. They are the sighs of life that Su Shi expressed during the Cold Food Festival in the third year after he was demoted to Huangzhou. The gloomy imagery in the poem creates a gloomy and desolate atmosphere, expressing the author's melancholy mood of being exiled to Huangzhou due to bad luck, and is highly contagious. The whole story is full of ups and downs, unrestrained and joyful, all written in one go. Su Shi embodies the changes of emotions in pointillism, either frontally or sideways, changing and disconnecting smoothly, completely natural. The characters are also strange, big or small, sparse or dense, light or heavy, wide or narrow, staggered and varied.
After the poem was born, it went through several rounds and reached the hands of Zhang Hao, the magistrate of Yong'an County, Henan. Because Zhang Hao was familiar with Huang Tingjian, one of the "Four Scholars of Sumen", in July of the third year of Yuanfu (1100), Zhang Hao brought his poem manuscript to Qingshen County, Meizhou, Sichuan to meet Huang Tingjian. When Huang Tingjian saw the poem manuscript, he was very impressed. At that time, Su Shi was demoted to Qiongzhou. Huang Tingjian missed his friend and couldn't restrain his feelings. He happily wrote the pen and wrote a postscript: "Dongpo's poem is like Li Taibai, but he is afraid that Taibai will not be everywhere. This book combines the writing styles of Yan Lugong, Yang Shaoshi and Li Xitai. If I try to restore it to Dongpo, it may not be as good as this. If Dongpo sees this book, he will laugh at me for saying that there is no Buddha. "Huang Tingjian's eloquence is exquisite, his calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and he is amazed. Juxtaposed with Su's poems and Su characters, it can be said to be a perfect match.
Connoisseurs of all ages have highly praised "Han Shi Tie" and praised it as a masterpiece. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Hao's great-nephew Zhang Yan wrote in a postscript on a separate sheet of paper after the poem: "The old immortal (referring to Su Shi) has a superb writing style, as bright as the sky and the clouds, and the mountains (referring to Huang Tingjian) have carried forward it. It can be said to be a peerless treasure.” Since then, the poem draft "Two Poems about Cold Food in Huangzhou" has been called "Tie".
Dong Qichang, a great calligrapher and painter of the Ming Dynasty, also wrote a postscript praising: "I have seen no less than thirty volumes of Mr. Dongpo's original works for the rest of my life, and I must take this as my first impression." In the Qing Dynasty, "Han Shi Tie" was taken back to the inner palace and included in the "Sanxi Hall" Posts". On the eighth day of April in the thirteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1748), Emperor Qianlong personally wrote a postscript on the back of the post: "Dang Xiuyi, a scholar from Dongpo, was one of the empresses Yan and Yang. This volume was written by someone who was banished to Huangzhou, and there is a valley postscript at the end. I'm so impressed that it's so good that I don't care about it..." To highlight the past, the four words "The Aftertaste of Snow Hall" are written at the beginning of the volume.
The original "Han Shi Tie" is now treasured in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Because of the praise and praise from various schools, the world has collectively called "Han Shi Tie", "Lanting Preface" by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and "Manuscript of Sacrifice to My Nephew" by Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty as "the three major running scripts in the world", or individually. "Hanshi Tie" is called "the third running script in the world." Some people compare the "three major running scripts in the world" and say: "Lanting Preface" is the style of an elegant scholar and superman, "The Manuscript of Sacrifice to My Nephew" is the style of a sage, and "Han Shi Tie" is the style of a sage. "Tie" is the style of a scholar and a scholar. They are comparable to each other one after another, each taking the lead. They can be regarded as three milestones in the history of Chinese calligraphy.