The originator of landscape poetry is Xie Lingyun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Xie Lingyun (385-433), whose original name was Zhengyi and whose courtesy name was Lingyun, was known as Xie Ke in the world. Born in the Xie family of Chen County, his ancestral home was Yangxia, Chen County (now Taikang County, Henan), and he was born in Shining, Kuaiji (now Shangyu District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was a poet, Buddhist scholar and traveler during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In the second year of Emperor Yuanxing's reign (403), Xie Lingyun inherited his grandfather's title and was named Kang Le Gong. In the first year of Yixi (405), he served as Grand Sima Sima Dewen and joined the army. After that, he served as a general in Fujun's office and as a Taiwei in the army.
After the Jin Dynasty, Liu Song Dynasty was granted the title of Marquis of Kangle, and he successively served as the governor of Yongjia, secretary supervisor, and internal historian of Linchuan. In the tenth year of Yuanjia (433 years), he was killed by Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yilong on the charge of "rebellion". He was only four years old. Nineteen years old.
Xie Lingyun was eager to learn when he was young, well-read, and good at poetry and writing. His poems are as famous as Yan Yanzhi, and he is also known as "Yan Xie". He is the first poet who devoted himself to creating landscape poems. He is also knowledgeable in history and good at calligraphy. He has translated foreign Buddhist scriptures and was ordered to write "Book of Jin". The Ming Dynasty compiled "Xie Kangle Collection".
Extended information:
The landscape poetry pioneered by Xie Lingyun introduced the beautiful scenery of nature into poetry, making landscape poetry an independent aesthetic object. His creation not only liberated poetry from the "bland and tasteless" mystery, but also strengthened the artistic skills and expressive power of poetry, and influenced the style of poetry of a generation.
The emergence of landscape poetry not only made landscape an independent aesthetic object, added a theme to Chinese poetry, but also opened up a new style of poetry in the Southern Dynasties. Following Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry, landscape poetry marks further communication and harmony between man and nature, and the emergence of a new natural aesthetic concept and aesthetic taste.
A large number of landscape poems appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, mainly due to the chaotic national conditions. Almost all the scribes who moved eastward lamented that "the scenery is not special, just because the mountains and rivers are different." Coupled with the persecution of political and military violence, their sense of loss became increasingly heavy.
It is an effective way to seek solace and relief from the incomparably beautiful landscapes of Jiangnan. Therefore, wandering around the mountains and rivers and writing landscape poems have become a habit, and it has become a common practice.
In addition, under the impact of new philosophical trends such as metaphysics, the ideological control of "deposing hundreds of schools of thought and respecting Confucius alone" since the Han Dynasty has become increasingly weak and relaxed, so there has been a "transcendental teaching and letting nature take its course" ( Ji Kang) and "the law is transformed naturally" (Ruan Ji).
"Nature" refers to the natural laws of the universe. The unmoving mountains and the ever-changing water embody this law most fully and perfectly, and thus become the objects of learning and success. An inexhaustible source of spiritual strength.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Landscape Poetry
Baidu Encyclopedia - Xie Lingyun