The humiliating history of the late Qing Dynasty is still fresh in our minds. They closed their doors to the outside world and advocated riding and shooting, ignoring the firearms that were very advanced in the Ming Dynasty. Instead, they chose to develop cold weapons, resulting in their army's combat capability being far different from that of countries that used firearms in the period.
In the last article, the author described the battle between Kangxi and Russia in jaxa. Although the end result was the victory of the Qing dynasty, this victory was based on the absolute superiority of the number of people. Nevertheless, in the face of the Russian army with firearms, artillery and other weapons, the Qing Dynasty still suffered heavy losses.
However, this matter was not taken to heart by Kangxi, who still paid no attention to firearms. As a result, in the late Qing Dynasty, they were bullied by the great powers and signed treaties that humiliated their power and country.
The image of Empress Dowager Cixi in history is a talented woman with high cultural quality. She has very high attainments in literature, painting and politics. According to the draft of the history of Qing dynasty, at 16: , the Five Classics were recited, and the history of Manchu, Chinese and Twenty-four was also browsed?
an Englishman, Prander? Bai Kehao also praised Cixi:? Can you master the general trend of chaos in ancient and modern times, and be good at poetry and calligraphy? . Memories of eunuch Xin Xiuming in the late Qing Dynasty: Does the queen mother like to write? Dragon? Tiger? Fu? Shou? Big characters, six feet and eight feet, are very verve. ?
△ Cixi's paintings
△ Cixi's calligraphy works
passed this series of? Word of mouth? Empress Dowager Cixi has a perfect image. Many people use? Rational and objective? "
The decline of the late Qing Dynasty was a historical necessity, which was caused by the deep-rooted feudal conservative thought of the Qing Dynasty since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and had little to do with Cixi. It is not easy for her to maintain the stormy Qing Dynasty as a woman.
But is Cixi really such a talented woman? Are these people's evaluations really objective? A secret file found in the archives of the Forbidden City may solve this puzzle.
This secret file is a handwritten message from Cixi, which was written to Prince Gong Yixin before the Xin You coup in 1861. This Shouyu has 237 words, but this one? Talented woman? There have been dozens of typos. For example, in one paragraph, after entering the city, the Prime Minister of Prince Gong was (again) instructed to praise Xiang's official (political) affairs. Did you ask your brother to discuss it? . (After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it gradually became Chinese with the passage of time, and Chinese was also one of their official languages. )
in such a sentence, there are three typos. How can such a low-level mistake be one? Talented woman? What did you do? Therefore, historians are very suspicious of Cixi? Talented woman? The authenticity of the image, on the contrary, she is simply a woman with a very low culture. The paintings and calligraphy works before Cixi probably do not belong to Cixi, but are plagiarized. If this is confirmed, it will subvert the mouth of everyone? Cixi is a talented woman? The image of.
how can Cixi, who has no talent, govern the country? Political ability is based on talent. She was able to take power, but it was just a lot of heart and luck, and it was impossible to govern the country.
△ The calligraphy written by Cixi in 19 is scrawled.
In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a sign of rejuvenation, that is, a series of reform policies of Emperor Guangxu. However, these policies were suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. After the Westernization Movement achieved initial results, Cixi was complacent, stopped paying attention and was busy preparing for her birthday. Ironically, after her birthday was almost ready, the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
Cixi has no culture, and is naturally short-sighted. She only knows about her own enjoyment, and does not judge the situation. She finds a livelihood in the disadvantage, which delays the opportunity of the rise of the Qing Dynasty center. Having such a ruler was doomed to be bullied by the great powers in the late Qing Dynasty.