1. Get high marks for 35 ancient poems and prose about Huxiang culture
Overview of Du Fu Jiangge - Wind and Rain Questions In those days, I lived in the sand and stars, and I hated being near the water. The scenic spots in the mountains and rivers of Ge are divided into Hunan and Shu, and the soul of poetry is still tied to Huanhua River. According to historical records, in the autumn of the third year of Dali in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's friend Wei Zhijin transferred to Tanzhou to assassinate Shi. Changsha.
At the beginning, I just sent it to the boat and docked at Nanhu Port. The post building near the harbor is a place to welcome friends.
Just after we said goodbye to Judge Liu, his poem goes like this: "Old man Du Ling tied up his boat in the autumn, and met Changsha Post when he was ill." Later, he moved to a tenant house in Xiangbian, or in the Xiaoximen area of ??Changsha, calling himself "Jiangge".
There are poems such as "Jiangge has feelings for the rain", which says, "The pavilions are surrounded by thunder and rain, and the sky is full of water." The poem "Jiangge, lying sick and writing," says, "The guests' kitchens are thin, but the pillows and mats in Jianglou are clear." Du Yujiang Pavilion once met Su Huan, and his poem "Present Su Huan to Wait for the Emperor" said: "Mao Zhai Dingwang City Guo Gate, Medicine Chu Lao Fishing Merchant Market"; he also met Li Guinian, and there was a poem saying: "In the residence of King Qi It's common to see it, Cui Jiutang heard it a few times before.
It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you can see it again when the flowers are falling." The ruins of Jiangge have long since disappeared, but now they can be rebuilt on the original site.
Du Fu, the sage of poetry, stopped in Changsha twice in his later years. He once lived in Jiangge and left more than 50 poems in Changsha. In order to commemorate this great realist poet and world cultural celebrity who was loved by people of all generations, the Changsha Municipal People's Government built Du Fu Jiang Pavilion in the Xiangjiang River Scenic Area.
In view of the fact that Du Fu Jiangge was Du Fu’s residence in Hunan for a long time, as a meeting point for all-round contact between Hunan culture and Du Fu, and an indissoluble bond with Du Fu, we decided to choose Du Fu As a carrier, Jiangge traces its origins, radiates radiation, and conducts corresponding investigations, thereby tracing the mutual influence (or called the force) between Du Fu and Huxiang culture while embracing the great poet. The investigation report starts with Du Fu Jiangge itself.
Du Fu Jiang Pavilion was built in memory of Du Fu. It is located on the Xiangjiang River scenery belt where West Lake Road and Xiangjiang Avenue intersect in Changsha. It forms a cultural belt with Tianxin Pavilion, Yuelu Mountain Daolin Temple and Yuelu Academy. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, some famous scholars in Changsha proposed to build a river pavilion, a poetry monument and a statue for Du Fu to commemorate the poet.
Since then, this call has not stopped. In 2002, the Changsha Municipal Government finally took on this important task.
Du Fu Memorial Hall faces Xiangjiang Avenue in the east, with a square-level steps in front of the entrance; faces the Xiangjiang River in the west, with the main building 5 meters away from the Xiangjiang embankment, and a terrace on the first floor floating 5 meters above the Xiangjiang River. The north and south corridors of Du Fu Jiang Pavilion are poetry stele corridors. On both sides of the columns are stone steles inscribed with Du Fu's poems for people to learn. The poetry stele corridor has fan-shaped corridors and winding corridors, and is decorated with stone steles.
To the north of Du Fu Jiang Pavilion, a hexagonal stele pavilion with a double eaves roof and a central monument is planned to record the origin and process of the construction of Du Fu Jiang Pavilion by the Changsha Municipal Government. To the south of Du Fu Jiang Pavilion, a square pavilion is built on the side of the pedestrian passage of Xiangjiang Avenue. It is connected to the Poetry Stele Gallery and is the secondary entrance of Du Fu Jiang Pavilion. The square pavilion has a single-layer roof with a four-slope roof.
Jiangge is a four-story building with a height of 15.9 meters from the outdoor ground (ground of the river embankment) to the bottom of the eaves and about 19.5 meters to the top of the roof ridge. The second floor of the building is the Du Fu Memorial Hall, with a statue of Du Fu in the center. The outer wall is 2.1 meters high with high windows. Paintings on the real walls are used to introduce the poet's life. The third and fourth floors are poetry and painting clubs, where famous people gather to gather poetry and paint. The first floor is a poetry, calligraphy and painting souvenir shop.
The building facade is a traditional Chinese imitation of ancient Tang architectural form, with vermilion columns, antique grill windows and white walls. The railings on the steps of the colonnade are moiré stone columns and stone panel railings.
The roof has a hilltop, a far-overhanging cornice, and a curved roof with blue and black tiles. The curves are stretched and reflect the basic characteristics of simple, majestic and heavy architecture in the Tang Dynasty. The east and west facades facing Xiangjiang Avenue and Xiangjiang River are both main facades. Under the eaves of the roof, there is a horizontal flat with the four characters "Du Fu Jiang Pavilion" written on it.
The Du Fu Jiangge Calligraphy Stele Gallery Project is located in the Xiangjiang River Scenic Area at the entrance of West Lake Bridge in Changsha City. It has invested more than 1 million yuan and will be completed in February next year. It features 59 poems selected from Du Fu's works when he was in Hunan. It will be presented to people at that time. The Calligraphy Stele Gallery is part of the Du Fu Jiang Pavilion and is written by nationally renowned calligraphers Shen Peng, Li Duo, Yan Jialong, Li Li, He Manzong and others.
Du Fu composed more than 100 poems when he was in Hunan in his later years. Only 59 poems were selected to commemorate his 59th year of life. The cultural project of the main building of Du Fu Jiangge is mainly designed around Du Fu and Changsha, the poems Du Fu created in Hunan, and Du Fu's influence on Hunan culture. It also pays attention to the overall environmental layout in order to create the best historical and cultural atmosphere and adapt to different societies. level of audience, achieving the effect of integrating knowledge and leisure.
The second floor is designed and arranged as a memorial hall. On the front of the hall is a large wooden bas-relief "Travel Map of Xiaoxiang, Du Gongbu", which shows Du Fu's whereabouts when he lived in Hunan and complements the statue of Du Fu in the center of the hall.
On both sides of the hall, there are Du poems and poetic paintings by famous calligraphers and painters such as Zhang Daqian and Lin Sanzhi, as well as couplets, large vases of poems and paintings, large antique mahogany screens, flower stands, tables and precious potted flowers, Bonsai, etc., make the whole hall permeated with a strong cultural atmosphere. The third floor features a special display of Du Fu's life.
In the form of poems and paintings, it focuses on Du Fu’s poems during his three years in Hunan, expressing his plight of old, sick and lonely life and his great feelings of concern for the country and the people. The exhibition is divided into six parts: family background, travels, ambitions, poetic history, Hunan soul, and brilliance.
More than 100 pieces of pictures, poems and paintings, versions of Du poems, and physical materials are planned to be exhibited. In addition, the overall style of the exhibition hall is similar to the architectural style of Jiangge. The exhibition walls adopt the shape of swan-shaped doors and windows. This architectural modeling language can effectively bring the audience into the historical time and space tunnel. In addition, the layered design adopts the form of ancient thread-bound edition pages. The combination of the two makes the charm of ancient culture stronger.
It not only allows visitors to remember the poets in the rich Tang culture, but also makes the entire exhibition hall concise, bright, dense, relaxed and comfortable. The fourth floor is designed as a place for cultural gatherings and boutique exhibitions, and is temporarily named "Jiyaxuan".
It is planned to be divided into three small areas for model display, meeting friends with literature and resting for the audience. A model of Jiangge is placed in the center of the hall, and Qing Dynasty mahogany furniture, four treasures of the study, antiques, calligraphy and painting, and exquisite Hunan embroidery stones are arranged on both sides. . There are paintings on the four walls of Changsha's humanistic figures and stories, telling the stories of Qu Yuan, Jia Yi and other historical and cultural celebrities to reflect Changsha's profound historical and cultural heritage.
Du Fu, the "Sage of Poetry", wandered in Hunan for more than two years in his later years. He once lived in "Jiangge" by the Xiangjiang River in Changsha, and this was the last period of the poet's life. In two years, Du Fu left more than a hundred poems, of which more than 50 were written in Changsha, including the famous "Jiang." 2. Looking for poems with the cultural color of Huxiang
My heart follows Huxiang
You open a window for my soul,
Let me see that Rays of sunshine.
From now on, forget the slight melancholy,
Let the warmth accompany me to grow.
You bring dreams to my life,
Make me feel the coolness.
From now on, abandon those little worries,
Let sincerity accompany me to move forward.
You let my sail sail again,
Let me hear the blast of trumpets.
From now on, I will ride on the huge waves,
Let that courage push me to explore.
You make my life full of hope,
Let me read all the beautiful chapters.
From now on, even a dull pen will be ashamed to recite lines of poetry,
Let the heart spring sing with love. 3. About Huxiang Culture
Hunan Culture is a unique component of the diverse structure of Chinese culture.
In the past hundred years, with the outstanding performances of Hunan characters on the historical stage, Hunan culture has attracted widespread attention and recognition from the world, and has become an important topic in the study of modern Chinese history. Needless to say, although these studies are numerous in number and have different names, there still seems to be a certain gap between the overall grasp and the specific grasp.
"Introduction to Huxiang Culture" edited by Professor Liu Xu is an important attempt to shorten this gap and approach the essence of Hunan culture through systematic thinking. The key to overall grasp is to find a window that is enough to grasp the overall situation, and this is not an easy task.
The cleverness of this book is that it does not focus on the surface of facts and phenomena like many scholars do, but focuses on the thing that has the most commanding significance for the culture as a whole - its soul. . This "soul" is not something else, but the core embedded in the whole, the general hub that can "move the whole body with one hair" and enough to "move the world" - its basic culture Spirit.
What is the basic spirit of Huxiang culture? The author summarizes it into the following four aspects: "honesty and justice", "brave and martial", "practical in the world", and "continuous self-improvement". "Simple" means a lively, vigorous, unmodified, and unrestrained nature.
"Chongyi" means a strong sense of justice and group orientation. "Being brave and martial" refers to the spirit of not being afraid in the face of difficulties and facing death without fear.
The integration of the two constitutes the unique and powerful feature of Huxiang culture, which has a distinct color of heroism. That is what Mr. Qian Jibo said: "The reason why Hunan people are called Hunan, and those who have emerged from the army to adapt to the local conditions, in a word, is strong."
"Manage the world and apply it", that is, attach importance to The pragmatic spirit of practice is a concentrated expression of practical rationality and the sense of participation that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Once this universal category is combined with heroism, it becomes a kind of "who else would you rather me in this world?" The heroic spirit of "dare to be the first in the world" provides Huxiang culture with a clear goal to strive for. "Continuous self-improvement" is the basic form of the cosmic spirit of "Heaven moves vigorously", but in Huxiang culture, it is classified as the "human extreme" category and regarded as the "ultimate principle" of culture.
This gives Huxiang culture a unique philosophical basis. It is precisely because of this that Hunan culture has the special character of being "independent and uninhibited, reclusive and not boring".
This summary is extremely comprehensive and accurate. Prior to this, commentators often used "Huxiang character" or "Huxiang cultural character" to summarize this.
In contrast, the depth of the book is clearly highlighted. "The basic spirit of Huxiang culture" is the internal reason for the formation of "Huxiang character" and is a higher-level concept than "Huxiang character".
As the old man Hegel said: "The broadest extension means the deepest connotation... The more advanced the concept, the greater its clarity, the more certain, the more developed, and the deeper it is. Therefore, Its field is also the widest.” Undoubtedly, this is a historic breakthrough in the study of Hunan culture and is also the first major contribution of this book.
The excellence of this book is not only that it reveals the most basic cultural spirit of Huxiang culture, but also that it analyzes the unique environment that formed this unique spirit. An analysis of "Looking for Roots". The author believes that the most basic forms of things are space and time. Space and time are the most basic external environments for the movement of things, which affect the nature of things to a great extent.
In terms of space, Hunan is a horseshoe-shaped area surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side. There are heavy mountains behind and large swamps in front. In ancient times, it was a place with relatively limited information compared to the Central Plains, but on the other hand, it was a place where "hardships and hardships bring success."
The harsh environment has tempered people's strong and courageous character. The occlusion of the environment cultivates people's independent thinking and the spirit of not following others.
This is what the ancients said: "Deep mountains and great swamps can actually produce dragons and snakes."
From a time perspective, the Chu people have the blood of the ancient barbarians, and later merged with the Yanhuang culture and became an important part of Chinese culture. They not only accepted the influence of the Central Plains culture, but also retained the vigorous and vigorous legacy of the barbarian culture.
The closed nature of the region allows this unique gene to continue. The core of culture is people, and people are products of the environment. Therefore, Huxiang culture and people with this cultural character emerged in this special soil.
The author's conclusion is in line with the basic laws of materialist dialectics, and is therefore convincing. After all, time and space are external conditions for the development of things. As we all know, external factors always work through internal factors.
So what are the internal causes of the formation of Huxiang culture? The author loftily attributes it to the systematic movement of people in this region. The combined force of this systematic movement comes from two aspects: First, the indigenous culture, that is, the Miao culture, that is, the Nanchu culture represented by Qu Yuan.
The first is the Central Plains culture, that is, the Confucian culture represented by Confucius. Huxiang culture is the result of the conflict and integration of the two.
The combination of the "gentleness" of the Central Plains culture and the "barbarism" of the Miao culture constitutes the unique "stubbornness", "firmness" and "severity" of the Huxiang culture. style. This is what the saying goes: "There are outstanding people and great Confucians, but there are no ancients before and no newcomers after. They have no independent and free thoughts and strong and unyielding ambitions." This is what it means.
This is an important reason why Huxiang culture "has a deep understanding of ancient learning, and is able to find its own path without being constrained by ancient learning", and then "creates its own customs and can stand on its own, different from the people in the Central Plains". The formation of Hunan culture is the inevitable result of the systematic movement of many of the above factors.
The author draws a conclusion from this: "The geographical environment of high mountains and large lakes in the Huxiang region, the developed agricultural economy, and the integration of diverse cultures of various ethnic groups have formed a unique regional culture." This systematic summary , fully revealing the origins of Huxiang culture.
This is the second greatest contribution of this book. The outstanding contribution of this book is also reflected in the comprehensive revelation of the internal system structure of Huxiang culture.
The internal system structure is the decisive attachment and specific form of the basic spirit, which is also a misunderstanding among people. The author makes a detailed analysis from several aspects: Hunan philosophical thought Hunan philosophical thought, with Huan Guo in the Song Dynasty as the founder, has formed its own unique style through Hu Hong, Zhang Shu, Wang Chuanshan, Zeng Guofan, Tan Sitong, Yang Changji, and even Mao Zedong. style; "based on the morality of Neo-Confucianism. 4. What is the essence of Huxiang culture?
Regarding the summary of the essence of Huxiang culture, there are two main sayings that are generally recognized and typical in the academic world: one is "heart" "Concern about the world, dare to be the first, be practical, seek truth from facts"; the second is "concern the world, dare to be the first, persevere, and be inclusive". People tend to prefer the latter, thinking that the latter can better reflect the spiritual essence of Huxiang culture. It can better reflect the regional characteristics of Huxiang culture.
First of all, "applying knowledge to the world" is only a unique characteristic of Confucian culture and cannot highlight the regional characteristics of Hunan culture.
Secondly, "seeking truth from facts" is an original academic method of Confucianism. It is only the academic choice of Huxiang School that distinguishes it from other schools.
Thirdly, "perseverance" is the role of Huxiang culture. It is a concentrated expression of cultural individuals.
Fourth, “eclectic” is a concentrated summary of the openness of Huxiang culture. 5. Briefly describe your understanding of Huxiang culture.
Hunan culture refers to a historical and cultural form with distinctive characteristics, relatively stable and inherited relationship. The culture of Hunan in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties should be included in another historical and cultural form-Chu culture, Qu Yuan's poetry and art. The piles of historical relics all have distinctive Chu cultural characteristics.
Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to historical changes and development, especially several large-scale immigrants in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, Hunan scholars have undergone important changes in their population, customs, customs and ideas. A series of thinkers such as Zhou Zi, the originator of Neo-Confucianism, Wang Fuzhi, who advocated practical management of the world and opposed Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, and Wei Yuan, who "opened his eyes to see the world", emerged successively, thus combining and constructing a new regional cultural form, called Lake. Hunan culture. The Chu culture of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties had an important influence on the Huxiang culture constructed after the Song Dynasty and was one of the sources of Huxiang culture. After being nurtured by the Hunan and Chu cultures of the pre-Qin Dynasty and refined by the Central Plains culture of the Song and Ming dynasties, Hunan culture has created in modern times "half of the country's talented people from Hunan", "Zhongxing generals, even nine Huxiangs", "half of the modern history of China is from Hunan" He has great reputations such as "people wrote it" and "without Hunan, no army can be formed".
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