It is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, short at the top and long at the bottom. The two vertical lines on the upper left are short and straight, and the right side is drawn and stretched. The "Moon" box should be straight, moderately wide and drawn evenly horizontally. The upper and lower centers are opposite and the center of gravity is stable.
The concept of hard-pen regular script;
Hard pen is relative to soft pen. It refers to a pen made of hard material. The biggest difference between soft pen and hard pen mainly depends on the hardness of the nib. According to this definition, hard pens should include pens, chalk, ballpoint pens, lettering pens, pencils, dip pens, iron pens, wooden pens, bamboo pens, feather pens, brush strokes, plastic pens and artistic pens.
Hard-pen regular script refers to a kind of calligraphy made of hard materials and written by regular script writing techniques. Hard-pen calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to calligraphy that uses pens as the main tool to write Chinese characters.
It is the most popular, extensive, convenient, vital and contemporary calligraphy expression in modern times. There is another question that needs to be explained here, that is, whether ancient lettering belongs to hard pen calligraphy, according to the definition, it does not, because there was no hard pen at that time.
The emergence and development of hard pen calligraphy;
Although some people tried to trace the history of hard-pen calligraphy back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze, the main methods at that time were "carving" (chiseling, casting, etc. ) but rarely "write", and now the so-called hard pen is not produced at that time. It is more appropriate to classify it as "lettering", but the hard-pen manuscripts preserved in Dunhuang documents.
However, it overturns the previous statement that "there was no hard-pen calligraphy in ancient China" and traces the history of hard-pen calligraphy in China back to more than 2,000 years ago, which is indeed appropriate.
According to years of Dunhuang research, there are more than 20,000 pages of Dunhuang hard-pen manuscripts that have been identified, most of which are paper manuscripts and some are silk manuscripts. There are Chinese and more than ten kinds of ancient flag characters; Writing content involves literary works, letters, essays and Buddhist scriptures; The use of calligraphy includes hard pen regular script, running script, running script and cursive script.
From the perspective of stroke modeling, Dunhuang hard pen calligraphy has a flat font and uniform thickness, which is rich in the sense of "line" of modern hard pen calligraphy. It has no "face-saving" characteristics, such as raising a pen, shouting at the peak, combining fat with thin, and asking questions face to face. Obviously, it was written with a hard pen dipped in ink made of bamboo, wood, bone and horn.