Tang. Interpretation of Sun Guoting's "Shupu"
Among the great calligraphers from ancient times, there were Zhong and Zhang in the Han and Wei dynasties, and in the late Jin Dynasty, they were called the best of the two kings. Wang Xizhi said: "After a quick search of famous books [1], Zhong and Zhang Xin are the best [2], and the rest are not worth mentioning." It can be said that Zhong and Zhang Yun did not exist [3], but Xi and Xian succeeded them. He also said: "My book is compared to Zhong and Zhang. Zhong should resist the movement [4], or it can be said that it is better; Zhang Cao is like a flying goose [5], but the Zhang is skillful and the water in the pool is exhausted [6]. It is false that I am embarrassed. If this is the case [7], you may not thank him [8]." This is the meaning of promoting Zhang Maizhong. Examining his expertise, although he failed to achieve the result according to the previous rules, he has mastered all aspects [9], so he is not ashamed of what he is doing [10].
The commentator said: "The four sages [11] among them are outstanding in ancient and modern times, but the present is not as good as the ancient [12]. The ancient quality is now beautiful [13]." [14]. Although the deed is written in writing (15), it is suitable for recording words, but the Chunxi has moved once (16), the quality and writing have changed three times (17), and the evolution of Chicheng (18) is always the same in physics. In ancient times, noble people were not obedient, but now they have different disadvantages [19]. It is said that "gentle and gentle, then a gentleman [20]." Why bother to carve the palace into the acupoints [21] and turn the jade chariot into the vertebra wheel [22]! It is also said: "Zijing is not as good as Yi Shao, but Yi Shao is not as good as Zhong and Zhang." Some people think that they have judged his outline [23], but they have not specified his origins and endings [24]. Moreover, Yuanchang specialized in official script, and Boying was especially good at cursive script. They are both beautiful [25], and Yi Shao is both beautiful. When drafting, the true will remain, and when compared with the true, the grass will grow. Although there are few bad ones in specialized work, but many good ones in extensive knowledge, it is impossible to be obedient to each other [26].
Xie Ansu was good at rulers and tablets [27], but he ignored Zijing’s books. Zi Jing tried to write a good book for him [28], saying that it must be recorded, and he always answered the questions [29], which he hated very much. An Chang asked Zijing: "How can Qing Shu be like a right-wing army?" He replied: "That's why we should win." An Yun: "The theory of things is different [30]." Zijing replied again: "The people at that time knew it!" Although Jingquan used this word, Zhe'an learned from it [31], calling himself the father of victory is not an exaggeration! Moreover, he has established himself and made a name for himself [32], and his talents and talents have been shown to be respected. He has never been able to participate in the victory of his mother [33]. In order to respect the heroic Han (34) of Zijing, Shao Youjun's notes (35), even if he resumed the rough regular script (36), he may not be able to defeat Ji Qiu (37). The situation is to rely on gods [38], shamefully worship the family model, and use this to achieve education, who is more likely to face the wall [39]! When Hou Xi went to the capital, he wrote an inscription on the wall before leaving. Zi Jingmi wiped it out and changed the place of the writing. His private behavior was not evil. When Xizhi saw him again, he sighed: "I was really drunk when I left." Respect was due to inner shame. It is known that Yi Shao is better than Zhong and Zhang, so he is specializing in Bo Si. If his respect is not as good as that of Yi Shao, there is no doubt [40].
Notes:
Qing: recently, just now, not long ago. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Biography of Lord Wu": "I heard that all the generals were coming in and out, and each of them still made an agreement (restraint) modestly." Cao Pi of the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms wrote in "A Letter to Wu Zhi": "Why am I entertaining myself now? Isn't it exactly what I said?" Liu Yuxi's "Tianlun Shang": "The text is beautiful!"
Excellent: unparalleled. "Historical Records·Biography of Guice": "A man who knows a skill will always be able to achieve self-efficacy, and those who are unparalleled and extraordinary will be on the right, and there is nothing selfish."
It says: modal particles, which can be used at the beginning and end of sentences In the middle or at the end of a sentence. The person in this sentence is quoted from Volume 3 of "Jing Zhuan Shi Ci" quoted by the King of Qing Dynasty: "Yun, it is also an auxiliary word in the language." "Poetry·Beifeng·Xiong Pheasant": "The clouds of the road are far away, can the clouds come?" "Zuo Zhuan·The Twelve Years of Chenggong": "The clouds are gone, and the widowed king must be gone, so my son will come in."
No: means "die", death. Zhu Junsheng of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng·Lubu": "No, he died under the pretext". "Yi Xici Xia": "Bao Xi's family died, and Shenlong's family made it."
Resistance: to contend with, to act in parallel, to be on par with each other. Xun Yue of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Han Ji: Gaozu Ji IV": "If you want to resist the emperor with a mere victory, you will become an enemy of the country, and you will be in trouble."
Flying Geese: Equal. "Liang Shu·Hou Jing Biography": "But the king has always met and praised the imperial family. Although the form is different, the actual difference is small. The prime minister, Situ, is just a flying geese." "Han Shu·Yan Zhu Zhuan": "If the Yue people are lucky enough to go against the deacon's appearance, and one of the soldiers returns unprepared, even if they get the head of the Yue king, they will steal it and be embarrassed by the big man. Of". The ancient annotation of Master Yan quoted Wen Ying as saying: "The movement of Yan is like the flight of wild geese, moving forward, so it is called Yan." Therefore, "雁" connects to "Yan". "Tongya · Execution": "The wild geese are walking like Yan Xing... The forward line is called Yan, Tong Dayan..." The Biography of Wang Xizhi of Jin Dynasty": "My book is like Zhong Yao's resistance line, and compared with Zhang Zhi's like wild geese'. They are all called "Yan Xing" was originally borrowed, but later explained: "The big wild goose is in the front, so people used to call it Yan Xing, but they didn't know to use 'Yan Xing'."
The pool is full of ink: refers to the story of Zhang Zhi learning to calligraphy. Jin Weiheng's "Four Types of Calligraphy": "Hongnong Zhang Boying, therefore, turned to his skills. Every family's clothes and silk must be written first and then practiced; when learning calligraphy near a pond, the pond water will be full of ink."
Idiot: This does not specifically refer to kings. It was originally a modest title for ancient monarchs and a title for the wives of princes. Jin people used to call themselves widowers. Liu Yiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in "Shishuo Xinyu·Literature" "Don't do this to me, you will be trapped as your son-in-law." Yu Jiaxi's note quoted Li Xiangyun: "In this case, the widow of the Jin Dynasty is called by the general name, and it is not considered arrogant."
Dan: Hobby, concentrate on. Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Shuo Yuan · Fu En": "I am praised for my Dao, and I am praised for my benevolence."
Xie: inferior to, inferior to. Du Fu's poem "Into the Boat": "The porcelain poppies have no thanks for the jade jar." "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Preface to the Biography of the Officials": "It may be called Yihuo's merits, but no thanks are left in the past."
歭: Pick up , excerpt. Wang Chong's "Lunheng·Fengyu": "I still pick up things in Tu and abandon them in the wild." (Tu: Tongtu) Wei Chengqing's "Lingtai Fu": "Wander the book garden and pick up the fragrance." (Fang metaphor refers to the essence of the book)
That is: close, close. "Erya · Shi Ji Xia": "That is, nun." Guo Pu notes: "Nun is near." "The Analects of Confucius·Zi Zhang" "A gentleman has three changes: looking at it is obvious, even if it is warm, listen to it The words are also harsh." Xing Bingshu: "The color is gentle when you are close."
The Four Sages: refers to the aforementioned Zhong Yao, Zhang Zhi, Wang Xizhi, and Wang Xianzhi.
Catch: reach, reach. "Xunzi Yao Wen": "Marquis Wu of Wei planned things and acted accordingly, and none of the ministers could catch him." (Marquis Wu of Wei: the king of Wei. When: appropriate.)
Quality: original intention, essence, entity. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning": "Its quality is not without beauty." To put it simply, this work lacks literary talent. Opposite of "literary". "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye": "If quality is superior to literature, then it will be wild, and if literature is superior to quality, it will be history." ("History" is called vanity.)
Yan: Wen Ye, gorgeous, with literary talent. Liu Xie's "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons·Emotions": "The nature of water is weak and ripples are knotted, the wood is solid but the calyx is vibrating, and the text is attached to quality." Quality and beauty are ancient Chinese aesthetic categories, generally used to refer to the content of literary and artistic works. With form, quality originally refers to the inner essence of things, and Confucius used it to express the moral cultivation of a gentleman. Yan refers to the external form of things, which is synonymous with Wen.
The word "Yin" is written as "Yi" in the Sikuquan "Peiwenzhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual".
"It is written as a deed": "Peiwenzhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual" is "It is written as a deed."
Memory: recorded language.
Chunli: also known as Chunli. Thick and thin. It refers to the simplicity and thinness of style. "Old Tang Book·Wenyuan Biography Preface": "Each generation has its literary quality, its customs have its sincerity, its knowledge has its shallowness and depth, its talent has its craftsmanship."
Wen: A category of ancient Chinese aesthetics. Refers to the perceptual form of literary and artistic works. "Guoyu·Zheng Yu": "There is no text for one thing." "Yi Zhuan·Xici Xia": "Things are mixed together, so they are called texts."
Chicheng: gallop, run. "Chu Ci·Dongfang Shuo"Seven Remonstrations·Self-Sorrow": "Riding a green dragon to gallop over the sky, Ban Yanyan's secret."
Evolution: follow the changes.
Good: disobey, uncoordinated. "Han Feizi · Death Zheng": "Those who are good inside and outside can perish." (In ancient times, the word "good" should not be said to be "good".)
Disadvantages: Disadvantages.
Be gentle and gentle, and then be a gentleman: It means that only when the inner nature is consistent with the external literary talent can one become a gentleman. This sentence comes from "The Analects": "Confucius said: If quality is better than quality, then you will be wild; if quality is better than quality, you will be history; if literary quality is good, then you will be a gentleman." In this article, Sun introduced calligraphy with "literary quality and good manners", intending to emphasize that good calligraphy works should be It is the unity of content and form.
Carving: carving, painting, decorating with color painting, patterns, generally refers to decoration. "Book of Rites Shaoyi": "The country is vast, so the carriages are not carved, and the armor is not assembled." Zheng Yun notes: "Carvings are also paintings." Diao palace refers to a gorgeous palace.
Cave: (earth chamber, cave) cave, refers to living in a cave. "Mozi·Ci Guo": "In ancient times, when people did not have palaces, they lived in mausoleums and caves."
Jade chariot: the chariot used by ancient emperors, decorated with jade . The wheel refers to the crossbar tied to the shaft of the car and used to pull the car. "Huainanzi": "Look at the shape of the jade chariot and the elephant, and listen to the sound of white snow clearing the horns, and you can't mess with its spirit." Gao You noted: "The jade chariot, worn by the king, is decorated with jade chariot and ivory."
Vertebral wheel: The original spokeless wheel, a simple car with a whole log as the wheel. The Preface to "Selected Works" written by Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasties states: "Ruofu's Vertebral Wheel is the beginning of the Great Wheel. Does the Great Wheel have the quality of the Vertebral Wheel?" Later, the Vertebral Wheel was extended to the initial stage of things.
Outline: outline essentials. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning": "Ritual is the great division of law and the discipline of classes."
Beginning and end: beginning and end. The meaning is still there. "Zhuangzi·Fables": "Everything is a seed, Zen in different forms, the beginning and end are like a ring, nothing can be compared."
The word "You" is written as "You" in "Peiwenzhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual" .
"Two beauties" "Peiwenzhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual" This work is "one beauty."
Bandit: No. "Guangya·Explanation Four": "Bandits are not true." "Poetry·Qi Feng·Cock Crow": "The bandits crow, the sound of flies." "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Lehui Biography" "The classic says:' Heaven and earth are in harmony with each other, everything will die prematurely, the king and his ministers will be out of order, and thousands of people will suffer.'"
Chidou: a wooden slip one foot long. It was used for writing in ancient times, and later generally refers to letters and letters. "Historical Records·Biography of Bian Quecang Gong": "The Ti lingers through the rulers and tablets, and the father will be at ease later."
Taste: once (adverb). "The Analects of Confucius·Dong Wei Linggong": "You have heard about Zu Dou." "Historical Records·Chen She's Family": "When Chen She was young, he tried to farm with servants."
Nou: Immediately, right away. "Historical Records: Biography of Ji Bu Luan Bu": "Anyone who dares to watch the show will be arrested." 〉
Object: people. "Zuo Zhuan·Twenty-eighth Years of Duke Zhao": "The death of three generations and the abandonment of the emperor's son are all objects. ... If a husband has a beautiful thing, it is enough to move others. If it is not moral and righteous, there will be disaster." Du Yu Note: "Yuan was happy with my sister, Yin was with Daji, Zhou was with Baosi, and the three generations were destroyed. The son of Jin was born in Shen, and was deposed by Liji." Tang Liu Zongyuan's "Hengyang and Mengfenfen Farewell": "Just use carelessness to attract material discussion, don't let words occupy the name of time." This "material theory" should refer to people's discussions and public opinions. "Book of Jin·Biography of Xie An": "At that time, Huan Chong was about to die, and the two continents of Jingjiang and Jingjiang were both missing. The theory of things was based on Xuanxun, so it was appropriate to teach him."
ER: modal particle, connected with "ear" . Equivalent to "just".
Quan: Quan temporarily, temporarily. "Book of Southern Qi·Biography of Liu Shanming": "When all the earth and trees are yellow, they can be stopped."
Zhe: impressed. "Hanshu·Youxia Biography": "Quan travels across the state and city, and defeats the princes with all his strength." "Shishuo Xinyu·Qing Slander": "Hong thinks he is talented, and he is so good at being a master. He who sits on the throne has no chance of defeat." Zhe can also be described as "blame" and "reprimand". "Zheng Zi Tong·Shou" "Zhe, refers directly to a person's fault, saying Zhe." "Historical Records·The Chronicles of the Empress Dowager Lu": "Chen Ping Jianghou said, 'In today's Zhe court dispute, the minister is not as good as the king.'" "Book of the Later Han Dynasty· "Li Yuzhuan": "More Xiang Fei Zhe" Li Xian's note: "Zhe is difficult." Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty's "Tian Lun": "Liu Zihou wrote "Tian Shuo" to break the idea of ??Han's withdrawal."
The word "Zhe" in "Zhe An's Appreciation" should be criticized and criticized, as it is said that Xie An's appreciation of calligraphy is based on physical theory as a balance and insufficient evidence.
Establish oneself and become famous: It means that one should achieve something in life and be famous for future generations. "The Classic of Filial Piety: Kai Zong Ming Yi": "Establish oneself and practice the Tao, become famous in future generations, and show off one's parents. This is the end of filial piety."
Thing: serving. "Guangyun·Zhiyun": "Things are made." "Leipian·Historical Department" "Things are made." "Mozi·Seven Troubles": "If people don't have food, they can't do anything."
Qualification: refers to status, reputation, experience, etc. "Selected Works·Qian Lingsheng's "General Introduction to the Jin Dynasty""The children of the nobles and relatives of the clan are superior in rank and rank, regardless of seniority."
"In the realm of Shengmu, Zeng could not enter": the words come out "Historical Records·Zou Yang Biography": "The lane is famous for Shengmu, but Zengzi cannot enter it." Zengzi was a disciple of Confucius, so he called it filial piety. Because the lane was called "Shengmu", Zengzi did not enter it, and the name was not suitable.
Haohan: refers to the writing brush, Haotong means "Hao". "Book of Rites": "A slight difference is a thousand miles away." This "haohan" still refers to Xian's calligraphy.
Shao: inheritance. "Han Shu·Xu Chuan Xia": "The Han Dynasty Shao Yao's luck to build the emperor's empire." Tang Han Yu's "Yan He Nan Prefecture Scholar": "My emperor Shao Zu Lie, the world will be peaceful again."
Full :again. Kaize: French style, model. "Book of the Later Han·Biography of the Rising Kings of Beihai" "Mu Neng was a writer, and wrote "The End and Beginning of the Spring and Autumn Decree and Meaning" and dozens of poems and poems. He was also good at history books and was regarded as regular rules in the world."
Ji Qiu: The saying comes from the "Book of Rites": "The son of a good worker must learn to make Ji, and the son of good governance must learn to make Qiu." This is the inheritance of his family.
Wei Ke Ji Qiu: It means that you cannot inherit the world's legacy.
Pretending to be entrusted to gods: refers to what "Fei Niao Tie" says: "I bowed my head to you, and on the twelfth day of this month, the envoy announced His Majesty's wise decree and inquired about the reason for the study of calligraphy. I respectfully accepted the emperor's order and secretly Open-air machine, taste of death with words, crazy soldiers waiting for punishment, I am twenty-four years old, hiding under the forest, there is a bird holding paper in his left hand, pen in his right hand, Hui Chen has five hundred and seventy-nine words, I have not been there for a week, the situation is like, His books and articles are not continuous, making it difficult to understand..."
Facing the wall: refers to a person who does not study and has little knowledge. "Book of Officials of Zhou": "If you don't learn from the wall, you will be troubled by the affairs." Confucius Chuan: "If you don't learn from the wall, you will still be standing in front of the wall, and you will be troubled by the affairs."
Zhanbo Sibie: The difference between specialization and extensive knowledge.
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