Among the emperors of the past dynasties of China, there were many good calligraphers, but there were only a few who could be called true calligraphers, such as Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty Li Shimin, Zhao Ji, Zhao Gou and others. Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (597-649), left behind two masterpieces of calligraphy, both of which were carved on stone. One is the "Jin Temple Inscription" and the other is the "Hot Spring Inscription". "Hot Spring Inscription" was written and written by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. It was engraved in the 21st year of Zhenguan (AD 648). The original stone has been lost. Regarding Taizong's study of calligraphy, there is a story in the history of calligraphy: "The emperor (Tang Taizong) was often ill and had difficulty mastering the art of martial arts, so he left the right side of the character "戬" blank and ordered Yu Shinan to fill it in. To show this, Wei Zheng said, "I have learned all the methods from Shinan." ? "Zheng said, "Wei Jian's character Ge is very realistic." One sentence hit the target of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Zhiyong, the calligrapher of Yu Shinan, obtained the method of the two kings. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty asked Yu for calligraphy, so he naturally belonged to the lineage of the two kings. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was very fond of Youjun's calligraphy and took advantage of his privilege to collect the original works of Youjun and enjoy them day and night. He also ordered Xiao Yi to obtain the authentic copy of "Lanting Preface" from Shanyin monk Biancai. Whether he was buried in Zhaoling after his death is still an unsolved mystery. Taizong of the Tang Dynasty lived up to his superior conditions. His running calligraphy was well-received by Youjun, with grace and grace and vivid brushwork. When he wrote this inscription, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was already in his later years, so his calligraphy was fluent and natural. It is also worth mentioning that before the Tang Dynasty, the inscriptions on the stele were in seal script, official script, and regular script, and the introduction of running script on the stele should have started with Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. This is not only the reason for power, but also the embodiment of Tang Taizong's spirit as a monarch who "dare to be the first in the world". In the history of Chinese calligraphy, the first person to engrave monuments in running script was Tang Taizong Li Shimin. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, not only pushed my country's feudal society to its heyday, but also personally advocated calligraphy, making the calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty a glorious page in the history of Chinese calligraphy. In his spare time, Taizong was very interested in calligraphy and calligraphy, and he especially loved Wang Xizhi's books. He once wrote the "Biography of Wang Xizhi" by himself, and issued an imperial edict to the inner palace to collect gold and silk materials from Xi's legacy. So he gathered all the materials he liked, and within a few years, various parties contributed. He obtained five volumes of official script and fifty-eight volumes of cursive script, among which the authenticity was mixed. He ordered Wei Zheng, Yu Shinan, and Chu Suiliang to identify them, and also ordered Han Daozheng, Feng Chengsu, and others to copy and reproduce them carefully. The Wang calligraphy became popular all over the world. Every time he received a call from the Second Prince, he asked the princes to copy it hundreds of times. He studied the "Lanting Preface" day and night like an obsession, and even took it back to Zhaoling... "What's good at the top will be great at the bottom." Although King Chong of the Tang and Taisong Dynasties had political needs, due to his preferences, all calligraphy styles in the early Tang Dynasty came under Wang Xizhi's wing. In addition, he used books to obtain official positions, which made calligraphy widely popularized. Therefore, objectively, he played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of calligraphy art in our country. Taizong's calligraphy was originally taught by Shi Ling, a calligrapher of the Sui Dynasty. According to "Inscriptions on Stones", "Ling is good at writing, and his writing style is as exquisite as that of Ou and Yu." He often competed with Yu Shinan, Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, etc. on calligraphy skills, and also It says: "When I read the books of the ancients, I did not learn from their forms, but only sought their strength, and the forms emerged on their own." This reflects Tang Taizong's view of calligraphy, which is also quite open. Later, he fell in love with Xizhi and copied it day and night. He especially loved Youjun's "Lanting Jitie". He placed it beside his pillow and often held a candle to it in the middle of the night, and the book progressed greatly. Taizong's good deeds, grass and feathers were especially good at imitating the ancient times, but he was almost lifelike. "Valley Inscriptions and Postscripts" said: "Taizong was wise and wise, and he always excelled others. His edicts at the end of the year were in the style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. They were also precious and could not be discarded." Learn from you." His handed down works include "Jinci Inscription" and "Hot Spring Inscription". Rubbing of Li Shimin's "Hot Springs Inscription" National Library of Paris "Hot Springs Inscription" is a running script inscription written by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty for Lishan Hot Spring. This monument was erected in the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), one year before Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty died. The original stone has been lost for a long time. Judging from the records, there are no fewer than dozens of original rubbings of "Hot Spring Inscription" in the Tang Dynasty. The last inscription is "Guo Yi, Yugu Prefecture, on August 31, the fourth year of Yonghui (653 years)". One line of the book proves that it is indeed from the early Tang Dynasty. Later, the original rubbings were lost. In the 26th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1900), the Taoist priest Wang Yuanlu discovered the Sutra Cave (now numbered as Cave 17) in Cave 16 of Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Province. There were three items in it. The rubbings of the Tang Dynasty are collected in the Dunhuang stone chamber. One of them is the "Hot Spring Inscription" written by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, with fifty lines remaining. The other two are Ouyang Xun's "Huadu Temple Stele" and Liu Gongquan's "Diamond Sutra", which are also fragments. It is a pity that these three things are not in China now. The "Hot Spring Inscription", "Diamond Sutra" and the first two pages of "Huadu Temple" were hijacked by Pelliot and sent to France. They are now in the National Library of Paris. "Huadu Temple" The last ten pages of the book were taken to England by Stein before Pelliot and are now in the British Museum in London. The writing style of "Hot Spring Inscription" is full of excitement and ups and downs, and the characters are full of strange and awkward styles.
Yu Fu wrote in a postscript after the post: "Bo Shi (Yu Shinan), Xin Ben (Ouyang Xun), and Deng Shan (Chu Suiliang) each have their own unique skills and achievements, but if we look at this book, we will be better at calligraphy." Go up, Gudang Beimian will call you Chen Er." He spoke highly of it. The calligraphy style of this stele is different from the steady and gentle calligraphy of the four families of the early Tang Dynasty, but has Wang Xianzhi's unrestrained style. Some people think that Taizong's calligraphy is between Da Wang and Xiao Wang, but from the works, it seems that he owes more to Wang Xianzhi. However, out of the majesty of the emperor, he was extremely disrespectful to Wang Xianzhi. He once said: "Looking at the style of his calligraphy, he is as sparse and thin as a dead tree in the middle of winter; looking at his writing, he is as restrained as a hungry official of the Yan family." He ridiculed Xiao Xiao. Wang's motive was later revealed by Mi Fu of the Song Dynasty. Mi Fu made it very clear in "History of Calligraphy": "Taizong studied the right army but could not reach it. He resumed learning Yu's running script and wanted to climb up to the right army, so he cursed Zijing." Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty promoted the big king and suppressed the small king, which had influenced the calligraphy world in the early Tang Dynasty. This was also discussed in Sun Guoting's "Shu Pu". This mistake, on the one hand, caused the fierce and unrestrained writing style to temporarily disappear due to suppression; on the other hand, it also caused the peaceful and peaceful writing style of the king to gradually be smeared with the color of the palace and gradually lose its brilliance. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had his own unique method of learning calligraphy and writing. His "On Calligraphy" said: "Now when I look at the ancient books, I do not learn their form, but seek their strength and form. The reason why I do it is to be the first. "Ping Feng Tie" has great interest in Youjun's cursive writing and its ability to change situations, but it lacks strength because of its weak bones. When it comes to cursive writing and fast writing, the most difficult thing to find is bone strength, which is best experienced when practicing cursive writing.
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